Historical linguistics 2001: Selected papers from the 15th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Melbourne, 13-17 August 2001

Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
LCC page......Page 5
Table of contents......Page 6
Contributors’ addresses......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
1. Amazonian languages and comparative linguistics......Page 12
2. Linguistic diffusion and grammatical borrowing......Page 13
3. Language contact situations to be discussed......Page 15
4. Prefixing, suffixing and marking grammatical relations in Tucanoan and in Arawak......Page 17
5. Outcomes of language contact: discussion......Page 25
References......Page 29
1. Preliminaries......Page 32
2. The historical development of genitive morphology......Page 33
3. The historical development of genitive functions......Page 36
4. Degrammaticalization or increased grammaticalization?......Page 38
5. Summary......Page 41
References......Page 42
1. Introduction......Page 44
2. To believe or not to believe?......Page 45
3. Multilateral comparison......Page 46
4.1. `Spread' vs. `accretion' zones problems......Page 50
4.2. Typological `stability'......Page 54
4.3. Binary splits......Page 57
4.5. Problems with the classification of languages and the sample......Page 58
5. Dixon's approach: punctuated equilibrium......Page 59
5.2. The view of human society......Page 60
5.5. Diffusion in punctuation......Page 61
6. Conclusions......Page 62
Notes......Page 63
References......Page 65
1. Introduction......Page 70
2. Exploring the medieval Portuguese corpus: the social context of morphological changes......Page 72
3. Towards a new proposal of periodisation......Page 75
Notes......Page 76
References......Page 78
1. Introduction......Page 82
2. The verbal string and isomorphism......Page 84
3. `Freezes' in the verbal string......Page 89
3.1. Loss of a realis/irrealis contrast......Page 90
3.3. Linking verb plus main verb......Page 91
4. Isomorphism and subject identification......Page 93
References......Page 94
1. Introduction......Page 98
2. Reconstructing a purposive/future *-(l)ku......Page 99
3. Conservative uses of *-(l)ku as a purposive......Page 100
4. The *-(l)ku suffix as a present tense......Page 102
5. Between `purposive' and `present' - the Nyamal `prospective'......Page 106
6. Purposive > Prospective > Present......Page 110
7. Conclusion......Page 111
Notes......Page 112
References......Page 113
1. Introduction......Page 116
2.1. Proto-Indo-European......Page 117
2.2. Greek......Page 118
2.3. Latin......Page 119
3. Innovation tied to diathetic expansion in Greek......Page 120
3.2. Creation of the BE (medio)passives......Page 122
4. The role of HAVE in distinguishing BE perfect vs. BE passive......Page 124
5. `Cluster of periphrastics' & subject orientation......Page 125
6.1. Evidence from Celtic......Page 127
6.2. Greek influence on Latin deponents......Page 128
7. `Greek accusative'......Page 129
8.1. PPP as an Indo-European construct......Page 131
8.2. The rarity of the European periphrastic type......Page 133
Notes......Page 134
References......Page 137
1. Introduction......Page 140
3. Word order change in Nordic......Page 141
3.1. Liberal landing rights: the subject position......Page 142
3.2. Adjunction: extraposition......Page 146
3.4. Head-to-specifier movement: topicalization......Page 148
4.1. Anaphor binding......Page 150
5. Conclusion......Page 151
Notes......Page 152
References......Page 153
1. Introduction......Page 154
2. The uses of the potential mood in the Finnic languages......Page 155
2.2. Present-day Finnish dialects......Page 156
2.3. Earlier stages of spoken Finnish......Page 158
2.4. Karelian and the other Finnic languages......Page 159
3. Generalisations in grammars......Page 161
4.1. The semantic development of the Finnic potential mood......Page 162
4.2. The paths of developments for modal meanings......Page 164
5. Conclusion......Page 168
Notes......Page 169
References......Page 170
1. Grammaticalization theory......Page 174
2. Degrammaticalization......Page 175
2.2. Mirror image reversal......Page 176
2.3. Lexicalization......Page 177
2.4. Euphemism......Page 178
2.5. Exaptation......Page 179
2.6. Adaptation......Page 180
2.7. Replacement......Page 181
2.8. `Upgrading'......Page 182
2.9. Discussion......Page 183
3. Conclusions......Page 185
Notes......Page 186
References......Page 188
1. Introduction......Page 192
1.1. Preliminary assumptions......Page 193
2. Phonological processes and their inhibition......Page 195
2.1. Historical phonology and synchronic phonology......Page 196
2.2. What is lenition?......Page 197
2.3. Lenition inhibition......Page 198
3.1. The High German Consonant Shift......Page 200
3.2. Lenition in Liverpool English......Page 202
4. Lenition inhibition revisited: can we explain why processes are inhibited?......Page 205
4.2. The melodic inhibition of process innovation......Page 206
5.1. The `English 1'176 Change'......Page 209
Notes......Page 211
References......Page 213
1. Introduction......Page 216
2. Romance vowel-prothesis......Page 219
3. Northeastern Swiss German vowel-lowering ([o] > ["66])......Page 221
4. Contemporary English s-retraction to ["77]......Page 223
5. Summation regarding sound-change......Page 224
Notes......Page 225
References......Page 228
1. Introduction......Page 232
2. The orthographic and linguistic skills of the Danish medieval scribe......Page 233
3. The double content case system......Page 236
4. Examples of cohesive case in B 69......Page 237
5. Signs of cohesive case in other sources......Page 241
6. Other changes in Middle Danish......Page 242
7. The reinterpretation of the case system in Middle Danish......Page 244
References......Page 245
1. Introduction......Page 248
2. Basic sentence structures in some Indonesian languages: A description......Page 250
2.1. `Two-transitive' system......Page 251
2.2. `Single-transitive' systems: `Accusative-pattern' and `Ergative-pattern' systems......Page 253
3. A comparison of Indonesian pronominal systems and forms......Page 256
3.1. Proto Extra-Formosan Genitive pronouns and Indonesian pronominal forms......Page 257
3.2. Internal morphosyntactic comparison......Page 260
4.1. Proto Extra-Formosan sentence structures......Page 264
4.2. Proto Extra-Formosan and Indonesian sentence structures: A comparison......Page 265
4.3. Development of an Accusative-pattern system......Page 266
4.4. Word order change......Page 268
5. Concluding remarks......Page 273
Abbreviations......Page 275
Notes......Page 276
References......Page 277
1. Introduction......Page 282
2.1. Lexical reconstruction: comparative wordlists vs. cognate sets......Page 284
2.2. Morphological comparison: comparative tables vs. cognates......Page 287
2.3. Morphological reconstruction and types of morphological change......Page 290
3.1. Reconstruction of morphologisation......Page 291
3.2. Reconstruction of demorphologisation......Page 292
3.3. Summary of reconstruction of kin noun inflection......Page 294
4.2. Comitative......Page 295
4.3. Residues of nominal suffixes in *arle......Page 296
5.1. Summary......Page 298
5.3. Implications for Australian comparative linguistics......Page 299
Notes......Page 300
References......Page 301
1.1. The Labovian principles......Page 304
1.2. Reinterpretation of Labov's data and principles: `Vowel convection'......Page 305
2. The New Zealand English (NZE) shift......Page 306
3.1. NZE vowel shift and dialects of Guangdong......Page 307
References......Page 311
Introduction......Page 314
1.1. The bound morpheme -'263i and the emphatic pronouns......Page 315
1.2. -'223i and the identity pronoun ``same''......Page 319
2.1. SIBI proper: Rom. reflexive dative pronouns......Page 321
2.2. Lat. IPSE - Rom. însu'263i, as an alternate reinforcement pronoun......Page 322
2.3. The Romanian emphatic pronoun însu'263i......Page 324
3.1. A new paradigm of identity......Page 325
3.2. Stage IV (18th c.-): The decay of the emphatic pronouns......Page 326
3.3. Adjectival SINGUR ``alone''......Page 327
Notes......Page 328
References......Page 329
2. Background assumptions......Page 332
3. Theoretical assumptions: Higginbotham's (1985) theta-binding theory......Page 333
4.1. Non-presence of a D system in OE......Page 336
4.3. The emergence of gerunds......Page 337
5.3. The absence of INFL......Page 338
5.4. The historical facts......Page 339
5.5. My hypothesis......Page 342
Notes......Page 344
References......Page 346
1. Introduction......Page 350
2. The form and the function of the obligation construction......Page 351
3. The restructuration process of the obligation construction......Page 353
4. The restructuration of the possibility construction......Page 357
5. Conclusion......Page 359
Notes......Page 360
References......Page 361
1. Introduction......Page 362
2.1. Means before ends......Page 363
2.2. The account of metaphor......Page 364
2.4. Postcategoriality......Page 366
3.1. Metaphorical applications of the core verbal meaning......Page 367
3.2. Metonymic extension to the effect of the action of the verb......Page 369
3.3. Metonymic extension to the context in which the action of the verb occurs......Page 371
4. Conclusion......Page 372
References......Page 373
1. Introduction: External vs. internal conditioning of borrowing......Page 374
2. The `strong adjective inflection' in the immanent typology of German......Page 375
3. The strong adjective inflection in brand names......Page 377
3.1. Circumventive strategies......Page 378
3.2. Circumventive strategies in 1894......Page 380
3.3. Circumventive strategies in 1994......Page 381
4. First signs of a `decay' of strongly inflected adjectives in present-day German?......Page 384
5. Conclusions for a theory of borrowing......Page 385
References......Page 386
1. Introduction......Page 388
3. The rise of the prepositional infinitive......Page 389
4. How the adjunct becomes a complement......Page 391
5.1. Romanian: Analogical levelling......Page 393
5.2. Maintaining a balance between several complementizers......Page 395
6. Supporting evidence from current ongoing processes: para/pra as emerging complementizer in Portuguese......Page 396
Notes......Page 398
References......Page 399
1.1. Terminology......Page 402
2. Reduction and prefix loss: a general perspective......Page 403
2.1. Right-hand reduction......Page 404
2.2. Left-hand reduction and stress assignment......Page 405
2.3. A parallel from Standard German......Page 406
2.4. The loss of unstressed prefixes......Page 407
2.6. The expletive particles of and um in Old Norse......Page 409
Notes......Page 410
References......Page 411
1. Introduction......Page 414
2. Sources......Page 415
3. Discussion......Page 416
4. A look at MS Oxford, Bodleian Library, Additional E.6, roll, Hand B......Page 420
6. Conclusion......Page 421
Notes......Page 423
References......Page 425
Introduction......Page 428
1. Manuals and methods......Page 429
2.2. Distribution of the spelling e(e)......Page 431
2.3. Distribution of the spelling ei......Page 432
2.4. Distribution of the spelling ey......Page 433
2.5. Conclusions......Page 434
3.1. Sources of independent evidence......Page 435
3.2. Phonetic values......Page 438
4. Conclusion......Page 439
References......Page 440
Index......Page 442
The series Current Issues in Linguistic Theory......Page 454