Highly Efficient Thermal Renewable Energy Systems (Advances in Manufacturing, Design and Computational Intelligence Techniques)

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Aim and Scope
Preface
Acknowledgment
List of Contributing Authors
About the Editors
1 Introduction to Thermal Energy Storage: Solar, Geothermal and Hydrogen Energy
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Potential of Solar Thermal Energy
		1.2.1 Global Scenario of Solar Thermal Energy
	1.3 Solar Thermal Energy Storage Techniques
	1.4 Applications of Solar Thermal Energy Storage
	1.5 Potential of Geothermal Energy
		1.5.1 Global Scenario of Geothermal Energy
		1.5.2 Geothermal Energy Extraction Techniques
		1.5.3 Applications of Geothermal Energy and Storage
	1.6 Potential of Hydrogen Energy Storage
		1.6.1 Global Status of Hydrogen Storage
		1.6.2 Methods of Hydrogen Energy Storage
		1.6.3 Applications of Hydrogen Energy Storage
	1.7 Conclusion
	References
2 Technological Advancements in Sustainable and Renewable Solar Energy Systems
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Solar Energy Harvesting System
	2.3 Efficiency of Solar PV System
		2.3.1 Effect of Irradiance
		2.3.2 Effect of Shade and Temperature
		2.3.3 Battery Life Protection
	2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Solar Energy System
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3 Thermal Energy Storage Technologies and Their Applications
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Motivations for Energy Storage
		3.2.1 Concept of ES
		3.2.2 Advantages of ES
	3.3 Classification of ES Technologies
	3.4 Thermal Energy Storage
		3.4.1 Advantages of TES
	3.5 TES Methods
		3.5.1 Sensible Heat Storage
		3.5.2 Latent Heat Storage (LHS)
		3.5.3 Thermochemical Storage (TCS)
	3.6 TES Materials
		3.6.1 Physical Properties of TES Materials
		3.6.2 SHS Materials
		3.6.3 LHS Materials
		3.6.4 TCS Materials
	3.7 Applications of TES
	3.8 Conclusion
	References
4 Solar Energy Scenario in India: Opportunities and Challenges
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Current Status of Solar Energy in India
	4.3 Opportunities
	4.4 Challenges
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 Applications of IoT in Renewable Energy Sector: Smart Energy Management, Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Global Energy Interaction Technologies
	5.3 Interaction Between IoT and Global Energy Interaction Technologies
	5.4 Importance of IoT in Energy Technology
	5.5 Hybrid System
		5.5.1 Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
		5.5.2 Solar and Wind Hybrid Renewable Energy System
	5.6 Benefits of Solar and Wind Hybrid System
	5.7 Wind and Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Energy System
	5.8 Benefits of a Wind Hydrogen System Include
	5.9 Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
	5.10 Grid Technology
	5.11 Smart Grid
	5.12 Advantages of Smart Grid
	5.13 Zero Energy Building
	5.14 Energy Conservation Building Codes
	5.15 Green Building
	5.16 Conclusion
	References
6 Design and Modeling of Solar, Geothermal and Hybrid Energy Systems
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Finite Element Analysis and Modeling Techniques in Energy System Design
		6.2.1 FEA Techniques for Structural Integrity Assessment
		6.2.2 Thermal Performance Evaluation Using FEA
		6.2.3 Efficiency Enhancement Through Different Techniques
	6.3 Thermal Performance Evaluation
		6.3.1 Innovative Approaches to Thermal Storage
		6.3.2 Modeling of Thermal Energy Storage Systems
	6.4 Solar and Radiant Energy Systems Design
		6.4.1 Solar Collector Design and Performance
		6.4.2 Radiant Heating Systems
	6.5 Geothermal Energy Systems Design
		6.5.1 Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
	6.6 Hybrid Energy Systems Design
		6.6.1 Design Considerations for Hybrid Systems
	6.7 Conclusion
	References
7 Optimization Techniques of Solar Thermal and Hybrid Energy Systems
	7.1 Introduction to Optimization in Solar Thermal and Hybrid Energy Systems
	7.2 Mathematical Modelling and Simulation for System Optimization
		7.2.1 System Equations and Constraints
		7.2.2 Dynamic Simulation Approaches
	7.3 Evolutionary Algorithms and Genetic Optimization
		7.3.1 Genetic Algorithm Fundamentals
		7.3.2 Multi-Objective Optimization
	7.4 Machine Learning-Based Optimization
		7.4.1 Neural Networks for System Optimization
		7.4.2 Support Vector Machines in Energy System Design
	7.5 Design Considerations and Component Sizing
		7.5.1 Optimal Collector and Storage Sizing
		7.5.2 Integration of Heat Exchangers and Storage Units
	7.6 Control Strategies for Enhanced Performance
		7.6.1 On/Off Control Strategies
		7.6.2 Advanced Model Predictive Control
	7.7 Applications of Optimization Techniques
		7.7.1 Solar Thermal Collector Array Optimization
		7.7.2 Hybrid PV-Thermal System Optimization
	7.8 Future Trends and Challenges in Optimization of Solar Thermal and Hybrid Energy Systems
	References
8 Predicting PV Thermal Collector Performance with Apriori Algorithm
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Materials and Methods
		8.2.1 Experimentation
		8.2.2 FL Expert System
		8.2.3 Apriori Algorithm
	8.3 Results and Discussion
		8.3.1 Experimental
		8.3.2 FL Expert System
	8.4 Conclusions
	References
9 Solar and Geothermal-Based Thermal Energy Storage for Building Applications
	9.1 Introduction
		9.1.1 Solar Energy and TES
		9.1.2 Geothermal Energy & TES
		9.1.3 Energy Conversion and Storage
		9.1.4 Energy Distribution
		9.1.5 Applications
	9.2 Solar TES Methods
		9.2.1 Sensible Heat Storage
		9.2.2 Latent Heat Storage
		9.2.3 Thermochemical Storage
		9.2.4 Thermo-Electrochemical Storage
		9.2.5 Solar Energy and TES for Buildings Application
	9.3 Geo TES Methods
		9.3.1 Aquifer TES (ATES)
		9.3.2 Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES)
		9.3.3 Rock Thermal Energy Storage (RTES)
		9.3.4 Geothermal Energy and TES for Buildings Application
	9.4 Hydrogen Energy Systems
		9.4.1 Metal Hydride Storage
		9.4.2 Thermochemical Storage
		9.4.3 Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC)
	9.5 Challenges & Opportunities
	9.6 Conclusions
	9.7 Future Scope
	References
10 Study and Analysis of Low-Level Geothermal Heat Pumps in Oman
	10.1 Introduction
		10.1.1 Objectives of the Study
	10.2 Geothermal Heat Pump Technology
		10.2.1 Operating Principles
		10.2.2 Advantages of GHP Technology
		10.2.3 Types of GHP Systems
	10.3 Comparison with Other Heating and Cooling Technologies
	10.4 Geological and Climatic Context of Oman
		10.4.1 Geological Features and Heat Sources
		10.4.2 Climatic Considerations and Energy Demand
	10.5 Case Studies and Applications
		10.5.1 GHPs in Residential Buildings
		10.5.2 GHPs in Commercial and Industrial Settings
		10.5.3 Integration with Existing HVAC Systems
	10.6 Challenges and Considerations
		10.6.1 Geological and Hydrogeological Constraints
	10.7 Policy Recommendations for Geothermal Energy Development
	10.8 Conclusion
	10.9 Implications for Sustainable Energy Development in Oman
	References
11 Green Hydrogen Production: Methods, Designs and Applications
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Hydrogen Production
	11.3 Electrolysis: Mechanisms, Technologies, and Efficiency Enhancement
		11.3.1 Alkaline Electrolysis
		11.3.2 PEM Electrolysis
		11.3.3 Solid Oxide Electrolysis
	11.4 Biomass Conversion for Green Hydrogen Production
		11.4.1 Thermochemical Processes
		11.4.2 Biological Routes
	11.5 Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production Methods
		11.5.1 Photovoltaic-Electrolysis Systems
		11.5.2 Photo-Electrochemical Cells
	11.6 System Design Considerations for Green Hydrogen Production
		11.6.1 Process Integration and Optimization
		11.6.2 Techno-Economic Analysis
	11.7 Applications of Green Hydrogen: Energy Storage and Clean Fuel Synthesis
		11.7.1 Hydrogen Energy Storage
		11.7.2 Synthetic Fuel Production
	11.8 Green Hydrogen in Industrial and Transportation Sectors
		11.8.1 Hydrogen-Fueled Transportation Solutions
	11.9 Conclusion
	References
12 Comparative Assessment of Hydrogen Production Methods from Renewable Energy: A Review
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Background: Techniques for Producing Hydrogen
		12.2.1 Photovoltaic Electrolysis
		12.2.2 Photovoltaic Solar Energy
		12.2.3 Biomass Gasification
		12.2.4 Wind-Driven Hydrogen Production Using Water
		12.2.5 Photo-Electrolysis and Photocatalytic Decomposition
		12.2.6 Hydrogen Production via Gasification of Biomass
	12.3 Summary
		12.3.1 Comparative Evaluation of Hydrogen Generation Techniques
	12.4 Conclusions
	References
13 Hydrogen Production and Storage: Technological Advancements and Applications
	13.1 Hydrogen
		13.1.1 Hydrogen Production
		13.1.2 Hydrogen from Fossil Fuels
		13.1.3 Hydrogen from Renewable Sources
		13.1.4 Economic Aspects of Hydrogen Production
	13.2 Green Hydrogen Production
		13.2.1 Potential for Synergy with Renewable Energy Power Generation
	13.3 New Methods and Designs
		13.3.1 PEM Water Electrolysis Work
	13.4 Green Hydrogen Applications
	13.5 Benefits of Green Hydrogen
	References
14 Harnessing Solar and Hydrogen Energy: Conserving for the Generations to Come
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Solar Energy
	14.3 Hydrogen Energy
	14.4 Integration of Solar and Hydrogen Energy
	14.5 Renewable Energy Analysis in India
	14.6 Global Hydrogen Demand by Sector in the Net Zero Scenario, 2020–2030
	14.7 Future Perspectives and Challenges
	14.8 Challenges
	14.9 Conclusion
	References
15 Solar Power Potential of India: Thermal, Economical and Technological Advancements
	15.1 Introduction
		15.1.1 Economical Aspects of BIPV
	15.2 Solar Potential of the Building Envelope
	15.3 Technological Design of BIPV System
	15.4 Cover Materials (Front and Rear)
	15.5 Design for Additional Interlayers and Embedding Materials
	15.6 Design for the Layout of the Electrical Module with PV Cell Layer
	15.7 PV Cell Technology
		15.7.1 Wafer-Based Technologies
		15.7.2 Thin Films Based Technology
	15.8 Design for Electrical BIPV System
		15.8.1 Sub-Module Level
		15.8.2 Module Level
		15.8.3 BIPV System Level
		15.8.4 Building Level
	15.9 Important Options for the Constructional Integration
		15.9.1 Position of the Modules
		15.9.2 Construction Integration of the Modules into the Building Envelope
	15.10 Solar Thermal Energy Storage System
		15.10.1 Storing Thermal Energy Method
	15.11 Molecular Solar Thermal System
	References
16 Green Hydrogen Productions: Methods, Designs and Smart Applications
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Green Hydrogen Production Methods
		16.2.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis
		16.2.2 Alkaline Electrolysis
		16.2.3 Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell
		16.2.4 Multi-Step Electrolysis
		16.2.5 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Hydrogen Production
		16.2.6 Hybrid Electrolyzer Systems
	16.3 Green Hydrogen Applications
	16.4 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
17 Experimental Investigation of Thermohydraulic Performance of Solar Air Collector with Double-Sided Roughened Absorber Plate
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 The Novelty and Objectives of the Work
	17.3 Roughness Geometry and Parameters
	17.4 Experimentation
	17.5 Performance Parameters
	17.6 Validation Test and Uncertainty Analysis
	17.7 Results and Discussion
		17.7.1 Effect of Reynolds Number
		17.7.2 Effect of Relative Gap Distance
		17.7.3 Effect of Relative Roughness Gap
	17.8 Comparison with Previous Research Work
	17.9 Conclusions
	References
18 Design and Analysis of a Solar-Based Gear Pump System
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Fundamentals of an External Gear Pump
	18.3 Literature Review
	18.4 Development of Solid Model
		18.4.1 Development of Model for Cover
		18.4.2 Development of Model for Shaft
		18.4.3 Development of Model for Housing
		18.4.4 Development of Model for Gears
	18.5 Conclusions
	References
19 Solar Desalination Techniques: Challenges and Opportunities
	19.1 Introduction
		19.1.1 Brief Overview of Water Scarcity as a Global Challenge
		19.1.2 Introduction to Solar Desalination as a Sustainable Solution
	19.2 Importance of Addressing Challenges and Capitalizing on Opportunities
		19.2.1 Solar Desalination Techniques: Explanation of Various Solar Desalination Techniques
		19.2.2 Solar Distillation: Types of Solar Stills and Their Mechanisms
		19.2.3 Solar Multistage Flash Distillation: Operating Principles and Efficiency
		19.2.4 Solar RO: Role of Solar Energy in Powering the Process
		19.2.5 Solar Nano-Filtration: Benefits of Using Solar Energy for Pump Power
	19.3 Challenges in Solar Desalination: Energy Efficiency and Technological Advances
		19.3.1 Need for Optimizing Energy Conversion and Utilization
		19.3.2 Advances in Solar Collector Technology for Improved Efficiency
		19.3.3 Innovations in Heat Transfer Systems and Membranes
	19.4 Opportunities in Solar Desalination
		19.4.1 Case Studies and Real-World Applications
	19.5 Highlight the Impact of Solar Desalination on Communities and Regions
	19.6 Lessons Learned from These Case Studies and Their Implications for Wider Adoption
	19.7 Conclusions
		19.7.1 Summarize the Key Points Discussed in the Chapter
		19.7.2 Emphasize the Role of Solar Desalination in a Sustainable Water Future
		19.7.3 Encourage Continued Research, Innovation, and Collaboration in the Field
	References
20 Atmospheric Water Generation with Different Grades of Molecular Sieve
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Experimental Setup
	20.3 Measuring Instruments and Devices
	20.4 System Operation
		20.4.1 Analysis of Experimental Data
	20.5 Results and Discussion
	20.6 Experimental Error
	20.7 Conclusions
	Nomenclature
	References
Index