Highly-Distributed Systems: IoT, Robotics, Mobile Apps, Energy Efficiency , Security

Foreword of Prof. Dr. habil. Dr. h. c. Alexander Schill, Chairman of Chair for Computer Networks at TU Dresden
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
Part I FOUNDATIONS FOR HDS
1 Definition: Highly-Distributed Systems
	1.1	Motivation: Highly-Distributed Systems
	1.2	HDS Based on Micro-Services
	1.3	Blockchain as a Decentralised Transaction System
	1.4	Integration of Blockhain within the HDS
		1.4.1	Example: Framework MS Bletchley
		1.4.2	Compulsoriness via BC
		1.4.3	Blockchained ML and AI
	1.5	Paradigms to HDS Development
	1.6	Conclusions and Outlook
	References
2 5G Networks Deployment and Service Modeling. New Generation Networks. 5G and Beyond
	2.1	Deployment of 5G in EU Countries
	2.2	State of the Art: Goals and Technologies
	2.3	5G Inter-Operability
	2.4	5G Networks with the Hierarchical Cell Concept
	2.5	Construction Principles and Components of 5G
	2.6	Challenges for 5G Networks
	2.7	5G Network Slicing
	2.8	Operation in 5G Micro-Cells
	2.9	Case Study 1: Engineering and Productive Industry via 5G
	2.10	Case Study 2: Media, Events and Entertainment via 5G
	2.11	Further Rivals and Alternatives: DIDO/PCELL, MS WI-FI
	2.12	Recent Problems
	2.13	To the Demarcation of the Research Area Reagarding 5G
	2.14	Wide Deployment of Standards for ML and AI
	2.15	Handover Optimisation in 5G
	2.16	Further Optimisation Methods
	2.17	New Generation Networks for HDS
		2.17.1	Space and Telecommunication Company SpaceX
		2.17.2	Worldwide Internet Supply with LEO SAT: Starlink Project
		2.17.3	Sixth Generation for Mobile Radio Networks
		2.17.4	Technological and Organizational Advances for 6G
	2.18	Conclusions and Outlook
	References
3 Blockchain and Its Applications
	3.1	Motivation: Payment Instruments in Past and Future
	3.2	Blockchain Architecture
	3.3	Blockchain and Crypto-Currencies
	3.4	On Profitability of Bitcoin: is questionable?
	3.5	Operation and Validation of Blockchain
	3.6	BC Pro and Cons
	3.7	Practical Blockchain Applications
		3.7.1	Framework MS Bletchley
		3.7.2	Smart Contracting
	3.8	Risks and Hacking
		3.8.1	Ransomware
		3.8.2	Crypto-Currency Fraud
	3.9	DAO as Blockchained HDS
	3.10	Analysis: What is Stopping the Development of Blockchain?
	3.11	Assessment
		3.11.1	Advantages
		3.11.2	Disadvantages
	References
4 From Big Data to Smart Data: Best Practices for Data Analytics
	4.1	Motivation
	4.2	State-of-the-Art
	4.3	The 6V Prevention Factors
	4.4	Unmanaged and Unstructured Data in Industry 4.0
	4.5	Big Data Problematics for IoT and Robotics
	4.6	Regular Paradigms for Big Data
	4.7	Empirical Data Analytics: Case Studies/Best Practices
	4.8	Deployment of ML and AI
	4.9	Conclusions and Outlook
	References
5 Green IT: Energy Efficient Constructions and Applications for Data Centres and Clusters
	5.1	Green IT problems and Challenges: Motivation
	5.2	Best Practices for Energy-Efficient Constructions
	5.3	Performance Parameters and Energy Optimisation due to Load Consolidation
	5.4	Generalized Law for Cluster Speedup
	5.5	Workload Consolidation and VM Migration
	5.6	Energy Efficiency Parameters and Energy Recycling
		5.6.1	Energy Efficient Computing and Applications
		5.6.2	Best Practices for Energy Efficiency: Hot Water Cooling
	5.7	Blockchain: Energy-Efficient Mining of Crypto-Currencies is available?
		5.7.1	Blockchain Architecture at Glance
		5.7.2	Mining of Crypto-Currency and Resource Consumption
	5.8	Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Part II HDS FOR INTERNET OF THINGS AND ROBOTICS
6 Internet of Things: Architectures and Basic Technologies
	6.1	Motivation and Overview
	6.2	Deployment Areas
	6.3	Architectures and Basic Technologies at Glance
	6.4	Development of IoT Software
	6.5	Systems for Data Acquisition—Data Processing—Data Mining
	6.6	IoT in Traffic Telematics
	6.7	IoT and Smart Energy: Smart Grid Generations, Smart Home and Smart City
	6.8	Sensor Nets and Swarm Intelligence
	6.9	IoT and Fog Computing: Definition and Demarcation
	6.10	Co-operation “Fog-2-Cloud”
	6.11	IoT System Development
	6.12	Case Study: A Freeware MQTT Solution for Fog
	References
7 Intelligent Networking and Bio-inspired Engineering
	7.1	Backgrounds: “Industry 4.0” and Intelligent Networking
	7.2	Trend to the Server-Less Mobile Apps
		7.2.1	A Periodization for the Novel Software
		7.2.2	Distribution Techniques and a Trend to the Serverless Mobile Apps
		7.2.3	Progressive Web Apps
		7.2.4	Co-operation Architectures and Technical Platforms “Fog-Cloud”
		7.2.5	New Paradigms with Google Fuchsia
	7.3	Server-Less Apps for Robotics
	7.4	Case Study: Kilobots and “Bio-inspired Engineering”
	7.5	Conclusions
	References
8 Robotic Apps and Platforms: Mobility, Localization, Management and Security Aspects
	8.1	Motivation and State-of-the-Art
	8.2	Modern Robots Diversity and the Taxonomies
	8.3	Robotic Platforms and Server-Less Mobile Applications
	8.4	ROS—Robot Operating System
	8.5	Swarm Robots, Bioloids and Further Platforms
	8.6	Big Data Problematics and Machine Learning
	8.7	Analytics Placement Options
	8.8	Security in Robotics
	8.9	Conclusions and Outlook
	References
9 Energy Efficient IoT
	9.1	Motivation
		9.1.1	Demarcation Between IoP, IoS and IoT
		9.1.2	IoT EnablingNetwork Technologies
		9.1.3	To the Structure of this Chapter
	9.2	State-of-the-Art for Energy-Efficient Approaches and Solutions
		9.2.1	Energy Efficiency for Infrastructure Wireless Sensor Networks
		9.2.2	Energy Efficiency for Self-Organizing Wireless Sensor Networks
		9.2.3	Case Study 1: Energy-Efficient Self-Organizing WSN
	9.3	Principles for Energy Efficiency in WSN and WPAN
		9.3.1	Case Study 2: Annual Cost Calculation for a WSN
		9.3.2	Security in WSN
		9.3.3	Comparison and Evaluation
	9.4	Energy Efficiency in Contactless Communication via RFID and NFC
		9.4.1	Energy Efficiency via RFID
		9.4.2	Energy Efficiency via NFC
		9.4.3	Case Study 3: Energy-Efficient Monitoring and Management of Farm Animals via RFID and Wi-Fi
		9.4.4	Evaluation
	9.5	Conclusions and Outlook
	References
10 Secured and Blockchained IoT
	10.1	Internet of Things: State-of-the-art
		10.1.1	Motivation and example for Energy-Efficient IoT with LoRa WAN
		10.1.2	Case Study 1: OPC UA Platform for IoT Integration
		10.1.3	Case Study 2: IoT Application integration via the SAP Platform
	10.2	Security Aspects for IoT
		10.2.1	Case Study 3: Multi-Layered Monitoring and Control for infrastructure WSN
		10.2.2	Case Study 4: Hierarchical Security in IoT: Flying Drones
		10.2.3	Case Study 5: CIDN for IoT, Sensor Piconets and Robots
	10.3	On Use of Blockchain for Secured IoT Applications
		10.3.1	Constructing a BC
		10.3.2	Recent BC Types
	10.4	BC Based Applications and Platforms for IoT
	10.5	Conclusions and Evaluation on Use of BC with IoT Scenarios
	References
Part III CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK, LEARNING TASKS AND APPENDIXES
11 Conclusions and Outlook
	11.1	HDS Construction Paradigms
	11.2	Final Considerations
12 Learning Exercises and Solutions
	12.1	Tasks on Basics and Performance in HDS
		12.1.1	Task 1. Definition und Comparison of Distributed and Highly-Distributed Systems
		12.1.2	Task 2. Comparison of Distributed and Highly-Distributed Systems
		12.1.3	Task 3. Basics: Web Services and SOA. Micro-Services
		12.1.4	Task 4. Service Composition in Highly-Distributed Systems
		12.1.5	Task 5. Performance Optimization in Highly-Distributed Systems
		12.1.6	Task 6. Heterogeneity Elimination via Virtualisation
		12.1.7	Task 7. Big Data in Highly-Distributed Systems
		12.1.8	Task 8. Vitero: Videoconferencing and Online-Tutorials for High Schools and Universities
	12.2	Tasks on Efficiency and Security in HDS
		12.2.1	Task 9. Clustering and Energy Efficiency
		12.2.2	Task 10. Clustering: Performance, Speedup and Parallelism Grade
		12.2.3	Task 11. Green IT: PUE and ERE
		12.2.4	Task 12. Advanced Security in Highly-Distributed Systems: Firewalls, IPS and CIDN
		12.2.5	Task 13. Passwords in Highly-Distributed Systems
		12.2.6	Task 14. Regular Data Backup
		12.2.7	Task 15. Blockchain and Highly-Distributed Systems
		12.2.8	Task 16. IoT Efficiency: Electricity and Data Unit Costs for a WSN
	12.3	Tasks on Internet of Things
		12.3.1	Task 17. Introduction to IoT
		12.3.2	Task 18. Data Acquisition for IoT
		12.3.3	Task 19. Traffic Telemetric
		12.3.4	Task 20. Smart Energy
		12.3.5	Task 21. Sensor Networks
	References
Appendix A. Key Words
Appendix B. Related Works
Further Literature