High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy: Instrumentation, Data Analysis, and Science (Springer Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology)

Preface
Contents
Part I Instrumentation and Data Analysis
1 A Brief Survey of the History, Present and Future of Cosmic High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy
	References
2 XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Diffractive and Non-differactive X-ray Spectrometers
		2.2.1 Non-diffractive X-ray Spectrometers
		2.2.2 Past and Current Diffractive X-ray Spectrometers
		2.2.3 Scattering by Diffraction Gratings
		2.2.4 Future Diffractive X-ray Spectrometers
		2.2.5 X-ray Spectrometers: Diffractive or Not
	2.3 XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer
	2.4 RGS Data Reduction
		2.4.1 RGS Data Access
		2.4.2 General Guide for RGS Data Reduction Using SAS
		2.4.3 Special Guide for RGS Data Reduction
	2.5 Summary
	References
3 Chandra X-ray Observatory: The High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 The High Resolution Mirror Assembly (HRMA)
	3.2 The Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer—ACIS
	3.3 The High Energy Transmission Grating—HETG
		3.3.1 HETG Analysis
		3.3.2 Science Highlights
	3.4 TGCat
	3.5 Simulations with MARX
	References
4 Transition Edge Sensors X-ray Spectrometers: Applications for X-ray Astronomy
	4.1 Introduction: Cryogenic X-ray Microcalorimeters
	4.2 Transition Edge Sensors
	4.3 State-of-Art Performance of TES X-ray Calorimeters
	4.4 Technological Frontiers for Cryogenic Space-Based TES Spectrometers
		4.4.1 Cryogenic Detector Operation in Space
		4.4.2 Detector Readout in the Perspective of Operation in Space
		4.4.3 TES-Based X-ray Space Missions
	4.5 Summary
	References
5 Hitomi/XRISM Micro-Calorimeter
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Instruments of Hitomi/SXS and XRISM/Resolve
		5.2.1 Detector System
		5.2.2 Event Processing System
		5.2.3 Characteristics of the Micro-Calorimeters
		5.2.4 Cooling Chain
		5.2.5 Optical Chain
		5.2.6 Calibration Sources
	5.3 Data Processing and Calibrations
		5.3.1 Offline Processing of XRISM/Resolve
		5.3.2 Calibration Files
		5.3.3 Pixel Event Data
		5.3.4 Time Assignment
		5.3.5 Gain Correction and Line Spread Function
	5.4 Hitomi/SXS Results
		5.4.1 Hitomi/SXS Performance in Orbit
		5.4.2 Hitomi/SXS Observations for the Perseus Cluster
	5.5 XRISM/Resolve Performance on Ground Test
	References
6 High-Resolution Spectral Analysis
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Preparation
	6.3 Start SPEX
	6.4 Load Data
	6.5 Plot Data and Save the Plotting
	6.6 Define Model Components and Component Relations (Step-by-Step)
		6.6.1 Set the Distance of the Source
		6.6.2 Set the Redshift Component
		6.6.3 Set the Galactic Absorption
		6.6.4 Set the SED
		6.6.5 Apply an Exponential Cut-Off to the Power-Law
		6.6.6 Set the pion (Absorption) Components
		6.6.7 Set the Component Relations for Radiation Along Line-of-sight
		6.6.8 Check the Model Settings and Calculate
	6.7 Show the Plotting of Data and Model
	6.8 Check the Properties of Absorption Lines and Absorption Edges
	6.9 Check the Fit Residuals
	6.10 Check the Model
		6.10.1 Check the Best-Fit Model
		6.10.2 Check the Intrinsic Continuum Model
	6.11 Check the Warm Absorber Components with Different Outflowing Velocities
	6.12 Final Remarks
		6.12.1 Running Scripts
	6.13 Summary
	References
Part II Science
7 An Overview of Astrophysical Plasmas
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Concepts
	7.3 Coronal Plasmas
		7.3.1 Stellar Coronae
		7.3.2 Cooling Flows
		7.3.3 Non-Maxwellian Electron Speeds
		7.3.4 Charge Transfer
		7.3.5 Non-equilibrium Plasmas
	7.4 Atomic Data and Comprehensiveness
		7.4.1 Continuum Emission
		7.4.2 Recombination
		7.4.3 Collisional Ionization
	7.5 Photoionized Plasmas
		7.5.1 Radiation Transport
		7.5.2 Thermal Instability
		7.5.3 High Densities
		7.5.4 Resonance Scattering
		7.5.5 Time Dependence
		7.5.6 Line Absorption
	7.6 The Future
	References
8 Clusters of Galaxies
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Cluster Emission Processes and Spectral Models
	8.3 High Spectral Resolution Data
	8.4 Cool Cores
	8.5 Motions in Galaxy Clusters
		8.5.1 Introduction
		8.5.2 RGS Line Widths
		8.5.3 Resonant Scattering
		8.5.4 Hitomi microcalorimeter results
		8.5.5 CCD Measurements of Bulk Flows
	8.6 Enrichment
	8.7 Beyond CIE Plasma Models
	8.8 Future Missions
	References
9 Active Galactic Nuclei with High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Warm Absorbers
		9.2.1 Obscurers
		9.2.2 The Importance of WA and the Density Determination
		9.2.3 Future Outlook on Warm Absorbers
	9.3 Fe K Emission Lines in AGN
		9.3.1 The Atomic Physics of Fe K Emission Lines
		9.3.2 The Nature and Origin of ``Narrow\'\' Fe K Emission Lines in AGN
		9.3.3 The Approaching Calorimeter Era
		9.3.4 Relativistic Fe K Emission Lines
	9.4 The Nature of Ultrafast Outflows
		9.4.1 UFO Characteristics
		9.4.2 The Wind Origin
		9.4.3 A Windless Alternative?
		9.4.4 Progress and Caveats
	9.5 Conclusion
	References
10 Charge Exchange in X-Ray Astrophysics
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Plasma Modeling
		10.2.1 Physics and Classic Models
		10.2.2 Theoretical Calculations of Absolute Cross Sections
		10.2.3 Laboratory Measurements
	10.3 Observations
		10.3.1 Ionization Balance
		10.3.2 Solar System Objects
		10.3.3 Astrophysical Objects
	10.4 Ending Remarks
	References
11 High-Resolution Spectroscopy of X-ray Binaries
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Accretion and Ejection
		11.2.1 Black Holes
		11.2.2 Neutron Stars
	11.3 Geometry
		11.3.1 Inner Accretion Flows
		11.3.2 Outer Limits
	11.4 ISM
	11.5 Future and Outlook
	References
12 Ultra-Luminous X-Ray Sources: Extreme Accretion and Feedback
	12.1 Introduction
		12.1.1 X-Ray Surveys
		12.1.2 Brief Summary of ULX Main Properties as Seen in X-Rays
		12.1.3 Brief Summary of ULX Multi-wavelength Observations
	12.2 X-Ray Timing Properties
		12.2.1 Pulsations
		12.2.2 Quasi-periodic Oscillations
		12.2.3 Time Delays Between Energy Bands
		12.2.4 Long-Term Modulations
	12.3 Broadband X-Ray Spectroscopy
		12.3.1 The Golden Age of ULX X-Ray Spectroscopy
		12.3.2 Moving Beyond Simple Spectral Models
		12.3.3 Insights on the L-T Relation and Spectral Evolution
	12.4 High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy
		12.4.1 Atomic Lines as Probes of Winds
		12.4.2 Spectral Codes for the Study of Photoionised Winds
		12.4.3 The Quest for Spectral Lines in X-Ray Spectra
		12.4.4 Physical Models: Parameter-Space Scan
		12.4.5 Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Features
	12.5 Implications
		12.5.1 Super-Eddington Accretion
		12.5.2 Super-Eddington Disc-Wind Structure
		12.5.3 Feedback and Growth Rate
		12.5.4 ULX as Probes of the Primordial Black Holes
	12.6 Future Prospects
		12.6.1 Current Limitations
		12.6.2 Future Missions and Technologies
	References
13 High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnants
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Plasma Diagnostics
		13.2.1 Kinetic Temperatures
		13.2.2 Ionisation States
	13.3 New Spectral Features
	13.4 Kinematics of SN Ejecta and Circumstellar Medium
		13.4.1 Global Ejecta Structures in Extragalactic SNe and SNRs
		13.4.2 Kinematics of Galactic SNRs
	13.5 Elemental Abundances of the CSM
	13.6 Probing Interstellar Dust and Solar Planets\' Atmospheres by Extinction of X-Ray Emission from the Crab Nebula
	References
Correction to: High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnants
	Correction to:  Chapter 13 in: C. Bambi and J. Jiang (eds.), High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4409-5_13