High-resolution sensitivity studies with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM

10  Bibliography......Page 0
1......Page 12
1 Introduction......Page 13
2 Regional climate models and simulations......Page 19
1......Page 24
3 Description of the COSMO model......Page 25
3.1.1 Model equations......Page 26
3.1.2 Rotated coordinate system......Page 29
3.1.3 Terrain following coordinates......Page 30
3.2.1 Grid structure......Page 31
3.2.2 Time integration......Page 32
3.3 Initial and boundary conditions......Page 33
3.4 Physical parameterisations......Page 34
4 Sensitivity studies......Page 37
4.1 Simulation Setup......Page 39
4.2.1 Influence of driving data and horizontal resolution......Page 42
4.2.2 Influence of initialisation......Page 47
4.3.1 Influence of simulation area......Page 50
4.3.2 Influence of horizontal resolution and driving data......Page 53
4.3.3 Sensitivity with respect to varying parameterisations, adjustable parameters, and initialisation......Page 59
4.3.4 Comparison of observed and modelled trends of near-surface temperature between 1991 and 2000......Page 67
4.4 Summary......Page 68
5.1 Parameterisation of freezing and melting processes in the soil......Page 71
5.1.1 Calculation of soil temperature in frozen soil......Page 72
5.1.2 Parameterisation of soil water transport in frozen soil......Page 74
  . (5.14)......Page 75
5.1.4 Evaluation of freezing and melting parameterisation in the soil......Page 76
5.2 Variable soil types within one soil column......Page 82
5.2.1 Simulations with the VEG3D stand-alone model for vertically changing soil type......Page 83
5.2.2 Soil type map for COSMO-CLM simulations with different soil types within one soil column......Page 86
5.3.1 New parameter data sets......Page 88
5.3.2 Coupling of VEG3D with the atmospheric part of the model......Page 91
1.1......Page 92
6 Sensitivity of COSMO-CLM regional climate   simulations with respect to VEG3D and TERRA_LM land surface scheme......Page 93
6.1.1 TERRA_LM......Page 95
6.1.2 VEG3D......Page 98
6.2 Simulations with the stand-alone versions of the two soil-vegetation models......Page 102
6.2.1 Simulations for the Lindenberg grassland site......Page 105
6.2.2 Simulations for the Hartheim forest site......Page 109
6.3 Daily simulations with the online coupled land surface schemes......Page 112
1.1......Page 120
6.4 Simulations with the two land surface schemes coupled online with COSMO-CLM for the year 2001......Page 121
6.4.1 Comparisons for the whole investigation area......Page 122
6.4.2 Comparisons with data from observation sites......Page 126
1.1.1......Page 129
6.5.1 Evaluation for the period from 1991 to 1995......Page 130
6.5.2 Evaluation for the period from 1991 to 2000......Page 132
6.6 Summary......Page 137
7.1 Influence of initial soil moisture and soil temperature profiles on COSMO-CLM simulations......Page 139
7.2.1 Using Self-Organizing Maps for statistical-dynamical downscaling......Page 146
7.2.2 Comparison of the two different downscaling techniques for the year 2001......Page 148
7.2.2.1 Comparison of the results of the two downscaling schemes for    annual mean 2m-temperature......Page 153
7.2.2.2 Comparison of the results of the two downscaling schemes for annual precipitation......Page 158
7.3 Summary......Page 165
1......Page 168
8 Summary and outlook......Page 169
1......Page 174
9.1 Assignment of soil types from HAD to VEG3D......Page 175
9.2 Evaluation of the revised cloud microphysics scheme of COSMO model......Page 178
9.3 Influence of GME driving data on daily simulations......Page 182
9.4 Abbreviations......Page 185
1......Page 188