High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics

High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
List of Contributors......Page 17
1.1 Introduction......Page 23
1.2 Poly (ether amide) and Poly(ether amide-imide)......Page 25
1.3 Poly(arylene ether)......Page 29
1.4 Benzoxazine Polymers......Page 30
1.5 Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK)......Page 33
1.6 Polytriazole......Page 36
1.7 Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymers......Page 37
1.8 Alternating Copolymers......Page 41
1.9 References......Page 42
2.1 Introduction......Page 43
2.2 Synthesis of Polyoxadiazoles in Poly(phosphoric acid)......Page 46
2.3 Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyoxadiazoles......Page 49
2.4 Application Fields......Page 54
2.5 References......Page 68
3.1 Introduction......Page 71
3.2 General Synthetic Methods for BDT Monomers and Polymers......Page 72
3.2.1 Synthesis of BDT Monomers......Page 73
3.2.2 Polymerization Methods of Polymers Incorporating BDT Unit......Page 75
3.3.1 Introduction of OFET......Page 78
3.3.2 BDT Based Polymers in OFET Application......Page 80
3.3.3 Introduction of PSC......Page 84
3.3.4 BDT Based Polymers for High performance PSC......Page 87
3.5 References......Page 98
4.1 Introduction......Page 103
4.2 Polysulfone Backbone and Selection of the Ionic Function......Page 105
4.3 Ionomer Synthesis and Characterization......Page 107
4.3.1.1 Acidic Ionic Function Attached Directly at Ortho-to-Ether Position of the Polymer......Page 108
4.3.1.2 Ionic Function Attached Directly to Ortho-to-Sulfone Position of the Polymer......Page 111
4.3.1.3 Ionic Function Attached to Main-Chain Through Side Chains......Page 112
4.3.2.1 Ionomers Containing Hexafluoro-Isopropylidene or/and Polar Functions......Page 121
4.3.2.2 Multi-block Ionomeric Polycondensates Based on Medium to Long Blocks......Page 124
4.3.2.3 Multi-block Copolymers and Random- Ionomeric Copolymers......Page 126
4.5 References......Page 129
5.1 Introduction......Page 133
5.2.1 Monomers Containing Flexibilizing Spacers......Page 135
5.2.2 Monomers with Bulky Side Substituents......Page 136
5.2.4 Monomers Containing Trifluoromethyl Groups......Page 137
5.3 Polymerization......Page 138
5.3.1 Low Temperature Solution Polycondensation......Page 139
5.3.2 High Temperature Phosphorylation Polyamidation Reaction......Page 141
5.5 Approaches to Processable Polyamides......Page 143
5.6.1 Polyamides Containing Flexibilizing Spacers......Page 144
5.6.2 Polyamides with Bulky Side Substituents......Page 146
5.6.3 Polyamides with Cardo Moieties......Page 153
5.6.4 Polyamides Containing Trifluoromethyl Groups......Page 154
5.7 Processable Hyperbranched Aromatic Polyamides......Page 156
5.8 Properties......Page 165
5.9.1.1 Aromatic Polyamides for Pervaporation Application......Page 171
5.9.1.2 Aromatic Polyamides for Gas Separation Application......Page 173
5.9.1.3 Aromatic Polyamides as Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application......Page 175
5.9.1.4 Aromatic Polyamides as Ion Exchange Membrane......Page 176
5.9.2.1 Optically Active Polyamides (OAPs)......Page 177
5.9.2.2 Luminescent and Electrochromic PAs......Page 178
5.11 References......Page 184
6.1 Introduction......Page 189
6.2.1.1 Functionalization of Sulfone Moiety......Page 193
6.2.1.2 Functionalization of the Bisphenol A Moiety......Page 195
6.2.2 Polycondensation of Phosphorus Containing Diols with Dihalogen Substituted Aromatic Sulfones......Page 197
6.3.1 Spectral Features......Page 200
6.3.3 Thermal Stability......Page 202
6.3.3.1 Thermal Gravimetric Aspects......Page 203
6.3.3.2 Glass Transition and Mechanical Properties......Page 207
6.3.3.3 Differences Between Thermal and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Phosphorus Containing Polysulf ones......Page 208
6.4.1 Membrane Materials in Proton exchange Membrane Fuel Cell......Page 210
6.4.2 Protein-Adsorption-Resistant Membranes......Page 213
6.4.3 Flame Resistant Materials......Page 217
6.5 References......Page 220
7.1 Introduction......Page 227
7.2.1 Two-step Procedure......Page 229
7.2.2 One-step Procedure......Page 230
7.2.3 Three-step Procedure......Page 232
7.3.1 Kapton-type Polyimide......Page 233
7.3.3.1 Polyimides from Isomeric Biphenyltetracarboxylic Dianhydrides......Page 234
7.3.3.2 Polyimides from Isomeric Oxydiphthalic Anhydride......Page 239
7.3.3.3 Polyimides Containing p-Phenylene Units, -(C6H4)m- (m = 2, 3, 4), between Phthalimides......Page 244
7.3.3.4 Polyimides Containing Ester Linkages, -COOC6H4OCO-, between Phthalimides......Page 252
7.3.3.5 Polyimides Containing Ether Linkages, -O-Ar-O- (Ar: Bulky Moiety)......Page 257
7.4 Conclusions......Page 260
7.5 References......Page 262
8 The Effects of Structures on Properties of New Polytriazole Resins......Page 265
8.1 Introduction......Page 266
8.2 The Preparation of Polytriazole Resins......Page 267
8.3 Reactivity of Crosslinkable Polytriazole Resins......Page 273
8.4.1 The Effect of Molecular Rigidity and Polarity on the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)......Page 275
8.4.2 The Effect of Monomer Functionality on Tg......Page 277
8.4.3 The Effect of Crosslinked Network Grid Size on Tg......Page 278
8.5.2 The Effect of Crosslinking on Mechanical Properties of Polytriazole Resins......Page 281
8.6 Dielectric Properties of Polytriazole Resins......Page 282
8.7 Thermal Stabilities of Polytriazole Resins......Page 283
8.8 Conclusions......Page 285
8.10 References......Page 287
Introduction......Page 291
9.1.1 A New HM-HT Fiber......Page 292
9.1.2 Monomer Selection and Syntheses......Page 293
9.1.3 Polymerization......Page 295
9.1.4 Fiber Spinning and Fiber Properties......Page 296
9.1.5 Applications and Outlook......Page 300
9.2.1 Introduction......Page 301
9.2.2 Monomer Synthesis......Page 303
9.2.3 Polymerization......Page 305
9.2.5 Fiber Spinning......Page 307
9.2.6 Structure and Morphology......Page 309
9.2.7.1 Mechanical Properties......Page 312
9.2.7.2 Thermal Properties......Page 316
9.2.7.4 Applications and Outlook......Page 317
9.3.1 Introduction......Page 318
9.3.2 Polymer Synthesis......Page 321
9.3.3 Fiber Spinning......Page 323
9.3.4 Structure and Properties......Page 324
9.3.5 Application and Outlook......Page 328
9.4.1 Introduction......Page 329
9.4.2 Polymerization......Page 331
9.4.3 Spinning and Fiber Properties......Page 334
9.5.1 Introduction......Page 340
9.5.3 Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers......Page 341
9.5.5 Carbon Nanotubes......Page 343
9.5.6 Applications......Page 344
9.6.1 Introduction......Page 345
9.6.2 Conventional Methods......Page 346
9.6.3 Innovative Liquid Isothermal Bath (Lib) Method......Page 347
9.6.3.1 Liquid Isothermal Bath (LIB)......Page 348
9.6.3.2 Properties of LIB Fibers......Page 349
9.6.3.3 Morphology of LIB Fibers......Page 352
9.9 References......Page 353
10 Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (aryl ether ketone) Copolymers......Page 363
10.2 General Synthetic Methods of PAEK Copolymers......Page 364
10.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Structural Poly (aryl ether ketone) Copolymers......Page 367
10.4 Synthesis and Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Poly (aryl ether ketone) Copolymers......Page 373
10.5 Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (aryl ether ketone) Copolymers with Pendent Group......Page 389
10.6 Synthesis and Characterization of poly (aryl ether ketone) copolymers with Containing 2,7 -Naphthalene Moieties......Page 399
10.7 References......Page 405
11.1 Liquid Crystals......Page 409
11.1.1 Characterization of Liquid Crystals......Page 412
11.1.2 Electric and Magnetic Field Effects......Page 413
11.2 Liquid Crystalline Thermosets Based on Epoxy Resins......Page 414
11.3.1 Synthesis of LCERs......Page 418
11.3.2 Cure Behavior LCERs......Page 421
11.3.3 Properties of Liquid Crystal Epoxy Thermosets Cured in a Magnetic Field......Page 425
11.3.4 Curing of LCERs at Different Temperatures......Page 428
11.3.6 Fracture Mechanism of LCTs......Page 429
11.3.7 Water Absorption......Page 434
11.3.8 Thermal Properties......Page 436
11.4 References......Page 442
Index......Page 445