High-Lift Aerodynamics

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Author
Chapter 1: Introduction
	Nomenclature
	1.1. A Short History of High-Lift Systems
		1.1.1. Development of High-Lift Devices
		1.1.2. Trends for Large Transport Aircraft
	1.2. The Limits of Safe Flight
	Note
	References
Chapter 2: Limits of Lift Generation
	Nomenclature
	2.1. Incompressible, Inviscid Flows
	2.2. Compressibility Effects
	2.3. The Influence of Viscosity
	2.4. Types of Wing Stall
	Notes
	References
Chapter 3: Airworthiness
	Nomenclature
	3.1. The Definition of the Stall Speed
	3.2. Speed Definitions
		3.2.1. Take-Off and Climb
		3.2.2. Approach and Landing
		3.2.3. Operating Range in High-Lift Flight
	3.3. Flight Phases
		3.3.1. Take-Off
		3.3.2. Approach and Landing
	3.4. Flight Path Slope Requirements
		3.4.1. Take-Off Climb Requirements
		3.4.2. Landing Climb Requirements
		3.4.3. Steep Approach
	3.5. Load Cases for Stress Assessment
		3.5.1. Maneuver Loads
		3.5.2. Gust Loads
		3.5.3. Operating Loads
	3.6. Noise Classification
	Note
	References
Chapter 4: Aircraft Performance at Take-Off and Landing
	Nomenclature
	4.1. General Relations
		4.1.1. Phases of High-Lift Flight
		4.1.2. Ground Effect
	4.2. Aerodynamic Performance Indicators
		4.2.1. Take-Off
		4.2.2. Climb
		4.2.3. Approach
		4.2.4. Landing
		4.2.5. Short Take-Off and Landing
	Notes
	References
Chapter 5: Passive High-Lift Systems
	Nomenclature
	5.1. Slotless Devices
		5.1.1. Plain Flap
		5.1.2. Split Flap
		5.1.3. Gurney Flap
		5.1.4. Droop Nose
		5.1.5. Nose Split Flap (Krueger)
	5.2. Slotted Airfoils
		5.2.1 The Theory of Multi-Element Airfoil Aerodynamics
		5.2.2. Slats
		5.2.3. Slotted Krueger Flaps
		5.2.4. Slotted Flaps
		5.2.5. Fowler Flaps
		5.2.6. Double and Triple Slotted Flaps
	5.3. Vortex Generating Devices
		5.3.1. Vortex Generators
		5.3.2. Vortex Generator Arrays
		5.3.3. Slat Horn
		5.3.4. Nacelle Strakes
	Notes
	References
Chapter 6: Active High-Lift Systems
	Nomenclature
	6.1. Boundary Layer Control (BLC)
		6.1.1. Boundary Layer Suction
		6.1.2. Tangential Blowing
		6.1.3. Unsteady Blowing
		6.1.4. Vortex Generating Jets
		6.1.5. Fluidic Oscillator.
		6.1.6. Synthetic Jets
	6.2. Circulation Control
		6.2.1. The Coandã Effect
		6.2.2. Circulation Control Airfoil
		6.2.3. Coandã Flap
		6.2.4. Fluidic Gurneys
	6.3. Powered Lift
		6.3.1. Propulsive Slipstream Deflection
		6.3.2. Externally Blown Flaps
		6.3.3. Upper Surface Blowing (USB)
	6.4. A Remark on the Application of Active High-Lift for Civil Transport Aircraft
	Notes
	References
Chapter 7: Simulation of High-Lift Flows
	Nomenclature
	7.1. Experimental Simulation
		7.1.1. Wind Tunnels
		7.1.2. Wind Tunnel Model Types and Installations
		7.1.3. Wind Tunnel Corrections
			7.1.3.1. Corrections for Lift Interference
			7.1.3.2. Corrections for Blockage
			7.1.3.3. Corrections for Wake Blockage
			7.1.3.4. Model Size Considerations
		7.1.4. Non-Correctable Sources of Measurement
			7.1.4.1. Side-Wall Separation at Two Dimensional Airfoils
			7.1.4.2. Boundary Layer Influence on Half Model Testing
			7.1.4.3. Model Deformation
	7.2. Numerical Simulation
		7.2.1. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
		7.2.2. Panel Method
		7.2.3. Lifting-Line Method
	Notes
	References
Chapter 8: Aerodynamic Design of High-Lift Systems
	Nomenclature
	8.1. The Design Process of High-Lift Systems
	8.2. Geometric Description of High-Lift Systems
		8.2.1. High-Lift System Layouts
		8.2.2. Planform Parameters
		8.2.3. Shape Parameters
		8.2.4. Position Parameters
	8.3. Constraints
		8.3.1. Structural Constraints
		8.3.2. Kinematics Constraints
	8.4. Relation of Airfoil and Wing Design
		8.4.1. Wing Design Section
		8.4.2. Swept Wing Transformation
		8.4.3. Local Sweep Transformation
		8.4.4 Transformations of High-Lift Device Deflections
	8.5. High-Lift Design Optimization
		8.5.1. Methodology of Numerical Optimization
			8.5.1.1 Second Order Derivative Deterministic Methods
			8.5.1.2. First Order Derivative Deterministic Methods
			8.5.1.3. Non-Derivative Deterministic Methods
			8.5.1.4. Random Methods
		8.5.2. Definition of the Design Problem
	Notes
	References
Abbreviations.
Index