High-Density and De-Densified Smart Campus Communications: Technologies, Integration, Implementation and Applications

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Background and Functional Requirements for High-Density Communications
	1.1 BACKGROUND
	1.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH-DENSITY COMMUNICATIONS
		1.2.1 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Airports
		1.2.2 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Stadiums
		1.2.3 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Convention Centers
		1.2.4 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Open Air Gatherings and Amusement Parks
		1.2.5 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Classrooms
		1.2.6 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Train and Subway Stations
		1.2.7 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Dense Office Environments
		1.2.8 Ongoing Requirements for Dense Smart Warehouses and Distribution Centers
		1.2.9 Pre-pandemic/Long-term Requirements for Dense Smart Cities
	1.3 PANDEMIC-DRIVEN SOCIAL DISTANCING
		1.3.1 Best Practices
		1.3.2 Heuristic Density for the Pandemic Era
	1.4 THE CONCEPT OF A WIRELESS SUPERNETWORK
	REFERENCES
Chapter 2 Traditional WLAN Technologies
	2.1 OVERVIEW
	2.2 WLAN STANDARDS
	2.3 WLAN BASIC CONCEPTS
		2.3.1 PHY Layer Operation
		2.3.2 MAC Layer Operation
	2.4 HARDWARE ELEMENTS
	2.5 KEY IEEE 802.11ac MECHANISMS
		2.5.1 Downlink Multi-User MIMO (DL-MU-MIMO)
		2.5.2 Beamforming
		2.5.3 Dynamic Frequency Selection
		2.5.4 Space–Time Block Coding
		2.5.5 Product Waves
	2.6 BRIEF PREVIEW OF IEEE 802.11ax
	REFERENCES
Chapter 3 Traditional DAS Technologies
	3.1 OVERVIEW
	3.2 FREQUENCY BANDS OF CELLULAR OPERATION
		3.2.1 Traditional RF Spectrum
		3.2.2 Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS)
		3.2.3 Freed-up Satellite C-Band
		3.2.4 5G Bands
		3.2.5 Motivations for Additional Spectrum
		3.2.6 Private LTE/Private CBRS
		3.2.7 5G Network Slicing
		3.2.8 Supportive Technologies
	3.3 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS (DASs)
		3.3.1 Technology Scope
		3.3.2 More Detailed Exemplary Arrangement
		3.3.3 Traffic-aware DAS
		3.3.4 BBU and DAS/RRU Connectivity
		3.3.5 Ethernet/IP Transport Connectivity of DAS
	REFERENCES
Chapter 4 Traditional Sensor Networks/IoT Services
	4.1 OVERVIEW And ENVIRONMENT
	4.2 ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS
	4.3 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE IoT
		4.3.1 Pre-5G Wireless Technologies for the IoT
		4.3.2 NB-IoT
		4.3.3 LTE-M
		4.3.4 5G Technologies for the IoT
		4.3.5 WAN-Oriented IoT Connectivity Migration Strategies
	4.4 EXAMPLES OF SEVEN-LAYER IoT PROTOCOL STACKS
		4.4.1 UPnP
		4.4.2 ZigBee
		4.4.3 Bluetooth
	4.5 GATEWAY-BASED IoT OPERATION
	4.6 EDGE COMPUTING IN THE IoT ECOSYSTEM
	4.7 SESSION ESTABLISHMENT EXAMPLE
	4.8 IoT SECURITY
		4.8.1 Challenges
		4.8.2 Applicable Security Mechanisms
		4.8.3 Hardware Considerations
		4.8.4 Other Approaches: Blockchains
	REFERENCES
Chapter 5 Evolved Campus Connectivity
	5.1 ADVANCED SOLUTIONS
		5.1.1 802.11ax Basics
		5.1.2 Key 802.11ax Processes
		5.1.3 Summary
	5.2 VOICE OVER WI-FI (VOWI-FI)
	5.3 5G TECHNOLOGIES
		5.3.1 Emerging Services
		5.3.2 New Access and Core Elements
		5.3.3 New 5GC Architecture
		5.3.4 Frequency Spectrum and Propagation Challenges
		5.3.5 Resource Management
		5.3.6 Requirements for Small Cells
		5.3.7 Comparison to Wi-Fi 6
	5.4 IOT
	5.5 5G DAS SOLUTIONS
	5.6 INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS
	REFERENCES
Chapter 6 De-densification of Spaces and Work Environments
	6.1 OVERVIEW
	6.2 BASIC APPROACHES
	6.3 RTLS METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES
		6.3.1 RFID Systems
		6.3.2 Wi-Fi-based Positioning System (WPS)
		6.3.3 Bluetooth
		6.3.4 UWB
		6.3.5 Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)
	6.4 STANDARDS
	6.5 APPLICATIONS
	REFERENCES
Chapter 7 UWB-Based De-densification of Spaces and Work Environments
	7.1 REVIEW OF UWB TECHNOLOGY
	7.2 CARRIAGE OF INFORMATION IN UWB
		7.2.1 Pulse Communication
		7.2.2 UWB Modulation
	7.3 UWB STANDARDS
	7.4 IOT APPLICATIONS FOR UWB
	7.5 UWB APPLICATIONS FOR SMART CITIES AND FOR REAL-TIME LOCATING SYSTEMS
		7.5.1 Applications for Smart Cities
		7.5.2 UWB Applications to Real-Time Location Systems
	7.6 OSD/ODCMA APPLICATIONS
	REFERENCES
Chapter 8 RTLSs and Distance Tracking Using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Cellular Technologies
	8.1 OVERVIEW
	8.2 RF FINGERPRINTING METHODS
	8.3 WI-FI RTLS APPROACHES
		8.3.1 Common Approach
		8.3.2 Design Considerations
		8.3.3 Drawbacks and Limitations
		8.3.4 Potential Enhancements
		8.3.5 Illustrative Examples
	8.4 BLE
		8.4.1 Bluetooth and BLE Background
		8.4.2 RTLS Applications
		8.4.3 BLE-Based Contact Tracing
		8.4.4 Illustrative Examples
	8.5 CELLULAR APPROACHES
	8.6 SUMMARY
	REFERENCES
Chapter 9 Case Study of an Implementation and Rollout of a High-Density High-Impact Network
	9.1 THURGOOD MARSHALL BWI AIRPORT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
		9.1.1 Broad Motivation
		9.1.2 Status Quo Challenges
		9.1.3 RFP Requirements
	9.2 OVERVIEW OF THE FINAL DESIGN
		9.2.1 DAS Solutions
		9.2.2 Broadband, BLE, IoT
Chapter 10 The Age of Wi-Fi and Rise of the Wireless SuperNetwork (WiSNET)
	10.1 WHAT PRECEDED THE WiSNET
	10.2 WHAT COMES NEXT
	10.3 THE SUPER-INTEGRATION CONCEPT OF A WIRELESS SUPERNETWORK (WiSNET)
	10.4 THE MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF A SUPERNETWORK (WiSNET)
	10.5 THE GENESIS OF THE WiSNET CONCEPT DEFINED IN THIS TEXT
	10.6 THE DEFINITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A WiSNET
		10.6.1 Architectural Aspects of a WiSNET
		10.6.2 Technology Aspects of a WiSNET
		10.6.3 Management Aspects of a WiSNET
	10.7 ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF A WiSNET SYSTEM
	10.8 5G SLICE CAPABILITIES
		10.8.1 Motivations and Approaches for 5G Network Slicing
		10.8.2 Implementation
		10.8.3 Wi-Fi Slicing
	10.9 CONCLUSION
	REFERENCES
Index
EULA