Hercules’ Sanctuary in the Quarter of St Theodore, Pula (Archaeopress Roman Archaeology)

Cover
Copyright Page
Contents Page
List of Figures
Chapter 1.
	Introduction
		Urbanistic characteristics of the sanctuary
			Chronology
Figure 1. Area of the quarter of St. Theodore in Pula excavated 2005-2009
	Figure 2. Location of the sanctuary of Hercules in the quarter of St. Theodore
	Figure 3. Histrian square hearth (S.U. Ognjište 9-09), a view to the north
	Figure 4. Hellenistic rectangular paved sanctuary with drain installation, a view to the northwest
	Figure 5. Location of the Hellenistic rectangular paved sanctuary inside the Roman walls of the portico of the sanctuary and a well at the spring on the left side, a view to the west
	Figure 6. Hellenistic rectangular paved sanctuary with a view of the buried amphora and a well at the spring on the right side, a view to the southeast
	Figure 7. Channel through the wall of the Hellenistic paved sanctuary leading to the hearth S.U. Ognjište 2-09
	Figure 8. Layers covering the rectangular Hellenistic sanctuary
	Figure 9. Building limestone blocks above the Hellenistic sanctuary inside the Roman walls of the portico of the sanctuary and another group of larger building blocks including the block with a club in relief, in the second plan, in the northwest corner
	Figure 10. Hypogeum chamber (S.U. Okvir 1-O4) in the temenos of the sanctuary
	Figure 11. Stratigraphy section of the north part of the temenos between the Roman temple and northern portico, with Histrian hearth S.U. Ognjište 9-09 (A), pavement of Hellenistic sanctuary S.U. Pod 3-09 (B) and hypogeum S.U. Okvir 1-O4 (C) next to the
	Figure 12. Sacrificial pit (S.U. Jama 1-O4) in the temenos, the layer with tiles
	Figure 13. Early Roman structures at the site with locations of hypogeum (1) and sacrificial pit (2) in the temenos of the sanctuary
	Figure 14. Sacrificial pit (S.U. Jama 1-O4), the upper layer with pottery
	Figure 15. Hypogeum chamber (S.U. Okvir 1-O4) and the north foundation wall of the temple (S.U. Zid 39-O4)
	Figure 16. Centuriation of Pola and the location of Herculesʼ sanctuary (© Google Maps, by: Alka Starac)
	Figure 17. Tegula made of limestone
	Figure 18. Unfinished architrave, cat. no. 1.
	Figure 19. Frieze, cat. no. 2.
	Figure 20. Architrave, cat. no. 3.
	Figure 21. Cornice, cat. no. 4.
	Figure 22. Cornice Kand 05 211, part of the same cornice as the fragment cat. no. 4.
	Figure 23. Acroterion, cat. no. 5.
	Figure 25. Unfinished column base, cat. no. 7.1.
	Figure 26. Unfinished column base, cat. no. 7.2.
	Figure 27. Stylobate lower moulding, front part, cat. no. 8.
	Figure 28. Stylobate lower moulding, cat. no. 9.
	Figure 29. Stylobate lower moulding, cat. no. 10.
	Figure 30. Stylobate upper moulding, cat. no. 11.
	Figure 31. Stylobate upper moulding, cat. no. 12.
	Figure 32. Marble tiles, cat. no. 13.
	Figure 33. Cippolino verde marble slab, cat. no. 14.
	Figure 34. Rectangular capital, cat. no. 15.
	Figure 35. Cornice with consoles in the shape of a beam, cat. no. 16.
	Figure 36. Block with a club in relief, cat. no. 17.
	Figure 37. Column base fragment Kand 05 14, cat. no. 18.
	Figure 38. Column base fragment Kand 05 16, cat. no. 18.
	Figure 39. Column base fragment Kand 05 17, cat. no. 18.
	Figure 40. Column base, cat. no. 19.
	Figure 41. Column base with bottom shaft, cat. no. 20.
	Figure 42. Doric-Tuscan capital, cat. no. 21.
	Figure 44. Cornice of the rotunda, cat. no. 23.
	Figure 45. Antefix, cat. no. 24.
	Figure 46. Composite capital, cat. no. 25.
	Figure 47. Stylobate upper moulding, cat. no. 26.
	Figure 48. Votive inscription to Hercules, cat. no. 27.
	Figure 49. Hypothetical reconstruction of the temple ground plan according to the architrave no. 1 compared with ground plan (the back side wall is of archeologically unknown width)
	Figure 50. Hypothetical reconstruction of capital and entablature of the temple
	Figure 51. Hypothetical reconstruction of the front (west) and lateral south side of the temple
	Figure 52. Hypothetical reconstruction of the temple ground plan according to the frieze no. 2 and architrave no. 3 compared with ground plan (the back side wall is of archeologically unknown width)
	Figure 53. Hypothetical reconstruction of the temple with Corinthian portico. A view towards the northwest
	Figure 54. Hypothetical reconstruction of entablature with cornice cat. no. 16 (from the portico of the temenos?)
	Figure 55. Hypothetical reconstruction of the temple with a well and north Corinthian portico. A view towards the east
	Figure 56. Hypothetical reconstruction of the temple stylobate (Kand 05 159, 89/1, 89/2, 74, 87). Front view of the staircase fence
	Figure 57. Hypothetical reconstruction proposals of the inscription on the temple stylobate (IIt X/1 5). Front view of the staircase fence
	Figure 58. Hypothetical reconstruction of the sacred complex with temple, courtyard, well and portico. Ground plan and a view towards the northwest
	Figure 59. Positions of preserved fragments in the hypothetical reconstruction of the temple, by catalogue number. Front side
	Figure 60. Positions of preserved fragments in the hypothetical reconstruction of the temple, by catalogue number. Lateral south side
	Figure 61. Positions of preserved fragments in the hypothetical reconstruction of the temple portico, by catalogue number. A view towards the northwest
Chapter 2.
	Late Republican sanctuary
		Area of the Herculesʼ sanctuary before the foundation of the Roman colony
			Description of the rectangular structure of the republican period
			Plan of the building
			Ritual and sacral aspects
			Conclusion
Chapter 3.
	Hercules, hero and protector of the source
		Sacrificial offerings at the construction of the Sanctuary
			Sacrificial pit in Herculesʼ sanctuary
			Hercules and hero cult
			Hercules and water source
			Sacrificial offerings of the construction
			Sacrificial pits of the construction or renovation of the sanctaury
			Hypogeum and ancestors cult
			Sacrificial pit, hypogeum and mundus as testimony of rituals of the foundation of the colony
			Conclusion
Chapter 4.
	Plan of the Herculesʼ sanctuary
		Models and interpretation
			Concept of the sanctuary
			Origin of the plan of the sanctuary: analogies and influences
			Temenos closed by wall in the backside temple line
			Temenos interior
			Conclusion
Chapter 5.
	Architectural decoration
		Introduction
		I. 	Architectural elements found in the archaeological excavations in the St. Theodore Quarter in Kandler street (Block XVI, Location XI) 2005-2009
			Temple, phase A
			Temple, phase B
				Architrave and frieze
				Cornice
				Acroterion
				Doors
				Column bases
				Stylobate
				Marble plates
			Temple portico
				Capital
				Cornice
				Entrance to the temple portico
			Unknown position
				Column bases
				Capital
				Column shaft
				Cornice
				Antefix
		II. 	Architectural elements from the Roman collection of the Archaeological museum of Istria found before 2005
			Temple, phase B
				Capital
				Stylobate
				Conclusion
Chapter 6.
	Construction of the Herculesʼ sanctuary
		Economical aspects, import of amphorae and senatorial dynasties
			Construction of the terrace
			Economical aspects of the deposit of amphorae
				Value and reuse of amphorae
				Production of amphorae and senatorial landowners
			Final appearance of the sanctuary
				Reconstruction
				Building inscription of Herculesʼ sanctuary and legal question
				Calculation of building period
				Construction cost
			Conclusion
	Bibliography