Herbal Treatment of Major Depression: Scientific Basis and Practical Use: Scientific Basis and Practical Use

Cover\nHalf Title\nSeries Page\nTitle Page\nCopyright Page\nContents\nAuthor\n1: Major Depression: A Brief History of Western Medical Treatment\n	References\n2: How Antidepressants Work, but Often Do Not\n	References\n3: Clues Revealed by Ketamine\n	References\n4: New Understanding of the Nature and Causes of Major Depression\n	4.1 Oxidative and Nitrosative Damage\n	4.2 Inflammation\n	4.3 Chronic Stress\n	4.4 Insulin Resistance\n	4.5 Metabolic Syndrome\n	4.6 Summary\n	References\n5: Phytochemicals: Some Basics\n	5.1 Carbohydrates\n	5.2 Lipids\n	5.3 Terpenes\n	5.4 Phenolics\n		5.4.1 Flavonoids\n		5.4.2 Non-Flavonoid Phenolics\n	5.5 Alkaloids\n	5.6 Summary\n	References\n6: Models and Paradigms for Assessment of Antidepressant Effects\n	6.1 Antioxidant Effects\n	6.2 Anti-Inflammatory Effects\n	6.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome Effects\n	6.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		6.4.1 Forced Swim Test\n		6.4.2 Tail Suspension Test\n		6.4.3 Sucrose Consumption Test\n		6.4.4 Test Conditions\n	References\n7: Herbs with Antidepressant Effects\n	7.1 Allium sativum (Garlic)\n		7.1.1 Antioxidant\n		7.1.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.1.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.1.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.1.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.1.6 Dosage\n		7.1.7 Toxicity\n		7.1.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.1.9 Drug Interactions\n	7.2 Angelica Sinensis\n		7.2.1 Antioxidant\n		7.2.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.2.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.2.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.2.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.2.6 Dosage\n		7.2.7 Toxicity\n		7.2.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.2.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.3 Apium graveolens (Celery)\n		7.3.1 Antioxidant\n		7.3.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.3.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.3.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.3.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.3.6 Dosage\n		7.3.7 Toxicity\n		7.3.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.3.9 Drug Interaction\n	7.4 Astragalus membranaceus\n		7.4.1 Antioxidant\n		7.4.2 Anti-inflammatory\n		7.4.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.4.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.4.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.4.6 Dosage\n		7.4.7 Toxicity\n		7.4.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.4.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.5 Atractylodes macrocephala\n		7.5.1 Antioxidant\n		7.5.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.5.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.5.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.5.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.5.6 Dosage\n		7.5.7 Toxicity\n		7.5.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.5.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.6 Avena sativa (Common Oat)\n		7.6.1 Antioxidant\n		7.6.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.6.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.6.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.6.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.6.6 Dosage\n		7.6.7 Toxicity\n		7.6.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.6.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.7 Bacopa monnieri\n		7.7.1 Antioxidant\n		7.7.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.7.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.7.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.7.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.7.6 Dosage\n		7.7.7 Toxicity\n		7.7.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.7.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.8 Borage officinalis (European Borage)\n		7.8.1 Antioxidant\n		7.8.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.8.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.8.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.8.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.8.6 Dosage\n		7.8.7 Toxicity\n		7.8.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.8.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.9 Bupleurum chinense\n		7.9.1 Antioxidant\n		7.9.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.9.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.9.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.9.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.9.6 Dosage\n		7.9.7 Toxicity\n		7.9.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.9.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.10 Camellia sinensis (Tea)\n		7.10.1 Antioxidant\n		7.10.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.10.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.10.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.10.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.10.6 Dosage\n		7.10.7 Toxicity\n		7.10.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.10.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.11 Cannabis\n		7.11.1 Antioxidant\n		7.11.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.11.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.11.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.11.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.11.6 Dosage\n		7.11.7 Toxicity\n		7.11.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.11.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.12 Cecropia\n		7.12.1 Antioxidant\n		7.12.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.12.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.12.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.12.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.12.6 Dosage\n		7.12.7 Toxicity\n		7.12.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.12.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.13 Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola)\n		7.13.1 Antioxidant\n		7.13.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.13.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.13.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.13.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.13.6 Dosage\n		7.13.7 Toxicity\n		7.13.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.13.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.14 Chrysactinia mexicana\n		7.14.1 Antioxidant\n		7.14.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.14.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.14.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.14.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.14.6 Dosage\n		7.14.7 Toxicity\n		7.14.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.14.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.15 Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh)\n		7.15.1 Antioxidant\n		7.15.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.15.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.15.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.15.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.15.6 Dosage\n		7.15.7 Toxicity\n		7.15.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.15.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.16 Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon)\n		7.16.1 Antioxidant\n		7.16.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.16.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.16.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.16.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.16.6 Dosage\n		7.16.7 Toxicity\n		7.16.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.16.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.17 Coffea arabica (Coffee)\n		7.17.1 Antioxidant\n		7.17.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.17.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic syndrome\n		7.17.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.17.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.17.6 Dosage\n		7.17.7 Toxicity\n		7.17.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.17.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.18 Coriandrum sativum (Coriander)\n		7.18.1 Antioxidant\n		7.18.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.18.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.18.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.18.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.18.6 Dosage\n		7.18.7 Toxicity\n		7.18.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.18.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.19 Corydalis yanhusuo\n		7.19.1 Antioxidant\n		7.19.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.19.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.19.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.19.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.19.6 Dosage\n		7.19.7 Toxicity\n		7.19.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.19.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.20 Crocus sativa (Saffron)\n		7.20.1 Antioxidant\n		7.20.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.20.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.20.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.20.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.20.6 Dosage\n		7.20.7 Toxicity\n		7.20.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.20.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.21 Curcuma longa (Turmeric)\n		7.21.1 Antioxidant\n		7.21.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.21.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.21.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.21.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.21.6 Dosage\n		7.21.7 Toxicity\n		7.21.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.21.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.22 Cyperus rotundus\n		7.22.1 Antioxidant\n		7.22.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.22.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.22.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.22.5 Human Antidepressant Studies\n		7.22.6 Dosage\n		7.22.7 Toxicity\n		7.22.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.22.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.23 Echium amoenum\n		7.23.1 Antioxidant\n		7.23.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.23.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.23.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.23.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.23.6 Dosage\n		7.23.7 Toxicity\n		7.23.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.23.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.24 Eleutherococcus senticoccus (Siberian Ginseng)\n		7.24.1 Antioxidant\n		7.24.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.24.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.24.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.24.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.24.6 Dosage\n		7.24.7 Toxicity\n		7.24.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.24.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.25 Epimedium brevicornum (Horny Goat Weed)\n		7.25.1 Antioxidant\n		7.25.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.25.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.25.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.25.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.25.6 Dosage\n		7.25.7 Toxicity\n		7.25.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.25.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.26 Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel)\n		7.26.1 Antioxidant\n		7.26.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.26.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.26.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.26.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.26.6 Dosage\n		7.26.7 Toxicity\n		7.26.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.26.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.27 Ginkgo biloba\n		7.27.1 Antioxidant\n		7.27.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.27.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.27.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.27.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.27.6 Dosage\n		7.27.7 Toxicity\n		7.27.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.27.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.28 Glycyrrhiza (Licorice)\n		7.28.1 Antioxidant\n		7.28.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.28.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.28.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.28.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.28.6 Dosage\n		7.28.7 Toxicity\n		7.28.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.28.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.29 Hedyosmum brasiliense\n		7.29.1 Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.29.2 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.29.3 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.29.4 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.29.5 Dosage\n		7.29.6 Toxicity\n		7.29.7 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.29.8 Drug Interaction\n	7.30 Hemerocallis citrina (Daylily)\n		7.30.1 Antioxidant\n		7.30.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.30.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.30.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.30.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.30.6 Dosage\n		7.30.7 Toxicity\n		7.30.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.30.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.31 Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane)\n		7.31.1 Antioxidant\n		7.31.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.31.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.31.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.31.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.31.6 Dosage\n		7.31.7 Toxicity\n		7.31.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.31.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.32 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus)\n		7.32.1 Antioxidant\n		7.32.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.32.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.32.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.32.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.32.6 Dosage\n		7.32.7 Toxicity\n		7.32.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.32.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.33 Humulus lupulus (Hops)\n		7.33.1 Antioxidant\n		7.33.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.33.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.33.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.33.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.33.6 Dosage\n		7.33.7 Toxicity\n		7.33.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.33.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.34 Huperzia serrata\n		7.34.1 Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Effects\n		7.34.2 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.34.3 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.34.4 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.34.5 Dosage\n		7.34.6 Toxicity\n		7.34.7 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.34.8 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.35 Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort)\n		7.35.1 Antioxidant\n		7.35.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.35.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.35.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.35.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.35.6 Dosage\n		7.35.7 Toxicity\n		7.35.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.35.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.36 Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba Mate)\n		7.36.1 Antioxidant\n		7.36.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.36.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.36.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.36.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.36.6 Dosage\n		7.36.7 Toxicity\n		7.36.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.36.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.37 Lavandula (Lavender)\n		7.37.1 Antioxidant\n		7.37.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.37.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.37.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.37.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.37.6 Dosage\n		7.37.7 Toxicity\n		7.37.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.37.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.38 Ligusticum chuanxiong\n		7.38.1 Antioxidant\n		7.38.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.38.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.38.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.38.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.38.6 Dosage\n		7.38.7 Toxicity\n		7.38.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.38.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.39 Magnolia officinalis\n		7.39.1 Antioxidant\n		7.39.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.39.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.39.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.39.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.39.6 Dosage\n		7.39.7 Toxicity\n		7.39.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.39.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.40 Matricaria recutita (Chamomile)\n		7.40.1 Antioxidant\n		7.40.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.40.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.40.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.40.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.40.6 Dosage\n		7.40.7 Toxicity\n		7.40.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.40.9 Drug Interaction\n	References\n	7.41 Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm)\n		7.41.1 Antioxidant\n		7.41.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.41.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.41.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.41.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.41.6 Dosage\n		7.41.7 Toxicity\n		7.41.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.41.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.42 Mimosa pudica\n		7.42.1 Antioxidant\n		7.42.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.42.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.42.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.42.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.42.6 Dosage\n		7.42.7 Toxicity\n		7.42.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.42.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.43 Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil)\n		7.43.1 Antioxidant\n		7.43.2 Anti-inflammatory\n		7.43.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.43.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.43.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.43.6 Dosage\n		7.43.7 Toxicity\n		7.43.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.43.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.44 Origanum vulgare (Oregano)\n		7.44.1 Antioxidant\n		7.44.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.44.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.44.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.44.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.44.6 Dosage\n		7.44.7 Toxicity\n		7.44.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.44.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.45 Paeonia lactiflora (Peony)\n		7.45.1 Antioxidant\n		7.45.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.45.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.45.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.45.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.45.6 Dosage\n		7.45.7 Toxicity\n		7.45.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.45.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.46 Panax ginseng (Ginseng)\n		7.46.1 Antioxidant\n		7.46.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.46.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.46.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.46.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.46.6 Dosage\n		7.46.7 Toxicity\n		7.46.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.46.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.47 Passifloraceae incarnata (Passionflower)\n		7.47.1 Antioxidant\n		7.47.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.47.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.47.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.47.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.47.6 Dosage\n		7.47.7 Toxicity\n		7.47.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.47.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.48 Piper methysticum (Kava)\n		7.48.1 Antioxidant\n		7.48.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.48.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.48.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.48.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.48.6 Safety/Toxicity\n	References\n	7.49 Piper nigrum (Black Pepper)\n		7.49.1 Antioxidant\n		7.49.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.49.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.49.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.49.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.49.6 Dosage\n		7.49.7 Toxicity\n		7.49.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.49.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.50 Polygala tenuifolia\n		7.50.1 Antioxidant\n		7.50.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.50.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.50.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.50.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.50.6 Dosage\n		7.50.7 Toxicity\n		7.50.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.50.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.51 Poria cocos\n		7.51.1 Antioxidant\n		7.51.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.51.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.51.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.51.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.51.6 Dosage\n		7.51.7 Toxicity\n		7.51.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.51.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.52 Psoralea corylifolia\n		7.52.1 Antioxidant\n		7.52.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.52.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.52.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.52.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.52.6 Dosage\n		7.52.7 Toxicity\n		7.52.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.52.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.53 Rhodiola rosea\n		7.53.1 Antioxidant\n		7.53.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.53.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.53.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.53.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.53.6 Dosage\n		7.53.7 Toxicity\n		7.53.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.53.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.54 Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)\n		7.54.1 Antioxidant\n		7.54.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.54.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.54.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.54.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.54.6 Dosage\n		7.54.7 Toxicity\n		7.54.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.54.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.55 Salvia divinorum\n		7.55.1 Antioxidant\n		7.55.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.55.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.55.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.55.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.55.6 Dosage\n		7.55.7 Toxicity\n		7.55.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.55.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.56 Sceletium tortuosum\n		7.56.1 Antioxidant\n		7.56.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.56.3 Antidiabetic/Antimetabolic Syndrome\n		7.56.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.56.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.56.6 Dosage\n		7.56.7 Toxicity\n		7.56.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.56.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.57 Schisandra chinensis\n		7.57.1 Antioxidant\n		7.57.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.57.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.57.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.57.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.57.6 Dosage\n		7.57.7 Toxicity\n		7.57.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.57.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.58 Scutellaria lateriflora (Skullcap)\n		7.58.1 Antioxidant\n		7.58.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.58.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.58.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.58.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.58.6 Dosage\n		7.58.7 Toxicity\n		7.58.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.58.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.59 Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle)\n		7.59.1 Antioxidant\n		7.59.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.59.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.59.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.59.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.59.6 Dosage\n		7.59.7 Toxicity\n		7.59.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.59.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.60 Theobroma cacao (Chocolate)\n		7.60.1 Antioxidant\n		7.60.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.60.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.60.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.60.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.60.6 Dosage\n		7.60.7 Toxicity\n		7.60.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.60.9 Drug Interaction\n	References\n	7.61 Tilia (Linden)\n		7.61.1 Antioxidant\n		7.61.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.61.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.61.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.61.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.61.6 Dosage\n		7.61.7 Toxicity\n		7.61.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.61.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.62 Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek)\n		7.62.1 Antioxidant\n		7.62.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.62.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.62.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.62.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.62.6 Dosage\n		7.62.7 Toxicity\n		7.62.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.62.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.63 Valeriana officinalis (Valerian)\n		7.63.1 Antioxidant\n		7.63.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.63.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.63.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.63.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.63.6 Dosage\n		7.63.7 Toxicity\n		7.63.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.63.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.64 Verbena officinalis (Vervain)\n		7.64.1 Antioxidant\n		7.64.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.64.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.64.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.64.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.64.6 Dosage\n		7.64.7 Toxicity\n		7.64.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.64.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.65 Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste Tree)\n		7.65.1 Antioxidant\n		7.65.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.65.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.65.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.65.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.65.6 Dosage\n		7.65.7 Toxicity\n		7.65.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.65.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n	7.66 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)\n		7.66.1 Antioxidant\n		7.66.2 Anti-Inflammatory\n		7.66.3 Antidiabetic/Anti-Metabolic Syndrome\n		7.66.4 Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n		7.66.5 Human Antidepressant Effects\n		7.66.6 Dosage\n		7.66.7 Toxicity\n		7.66.8 Safety in Pregnancy\n		7.66.9 Drug Interactions\n	References\n8: The Antidepressant Effects of Yueue and the Herbs of Traditional Chinese Medicine\n	8.1 Fundamental Considerations\n	8.2 Yueju\n	8.3 Xiao Yao San\n	8.4 Chai Hu Shu Gan\n	8.5 Gan Mai Da Zao\n	8.6 Gui Pi\n	8.7 Shi Wei Wen Dan Tang\n	8.8 Ban Xia Hou Pu\n	8.9 Chai Hu Jia Long Gu Mu Li\n	8.10 Tiao Qi\n	8.11 Yi Pi\n	8.12 Tang Shen Kang\n	8.13 Kai Xin San\n	8.14 Shu Gan Jie Yu\n	8.15 Si Ni San\n	8.16 Wu Ling\n	8.17 Other TCM Herbs Used in the Treatment of MDD\n	8.18 A Medical “Theory of Everything”\n	References\n9: Flavonoids with Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects\n	9.1 Amentoflavone\n	9.2 Apigenin\n	9.3 Astilbin\n	9.4 Baicalein and Baicalin\n	9.5 Chrysin\n	9.6 7,8,Dihydroxyflavone\n	9.7 Fisetin\n	9.8 Heptomethoxyflavone\n	9.9 Hesperidin and Hesperitin\n	9.10 Hyperoside\n	9.11 Icariin\n	9.12 Isosakurentin-5-O-rutinoside\n	9.13 Kaempferol\n	9.14 Liquiritin and Isoliquirtin\n	9.15 Luteolin\n	9.16 Miquelianin\n	9.17 Myricetin\n	9.18 Naringenin and Naringin\n	9.19 Nobiletin\n	9.20 Orientin\n	9.21 Quercetin\n	9.22 Vitexin\n	9.23 Wogonin and Wogonoside\n	9.24 Synthetic Flavonoids\n	9.25 Mechanisms of Flavonoid Antidepressant Action\n	References\n10: Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals\n	10.1 Amyrins\n	10.2 Bacopasides\n	10.3 Berberine\n	10.4 3-n-Butylphthalide\n	10.5 Caffeic Acid\n	10.6 β-Carotene\n	10.7 Carvacrol\n	10.8 β-Caryophyllene\n	10.9 Chlorogenic Acid\n	10.10 Crocin\n	10.11 Curcumin\n	10.12 3,6′‐Disinapoyl Sucrose\n	10.13 Ellagic Acid\n	10.14 Eugenol\n	10.15 Ferulic Acid\n	10.16 Gallic Acid\n	10.17 Gastrodin\n	10.18 Genipin\n	10.19 Ginsenoside Rg1\n	10.20 Glycyrrhizin\n	10.21 4-Hydroxyisoleucine\n	10.22 Hyperfoliatin\n	10.23 Linalool\n	10.24 Macranthol\n	10.25 Methyl Jasmonate\n	10.26 Mitragynine\n	10.27 Oleanolic Acid\n	10.28 Orcinol\n	10.29 Paeoniflorin\n	10.30 Paeonol\n	10.31 Palmatine\n	10.32 Plumbagin\n	10.33 Podoandin\n	10.34 Punarnavine\n	10.35 Resveratrol\n	10.36 Riparin\n	10.37 Rosmarinic Acid\n	10.38 Safranal\n	10.39 Salidroside\n	10.40 Sarsasapogenin\n	10.41 Scopoletin\n	10.42 Sulphoraphane\n	10.43 Tetrandrine\n	10.44 L‐theanine\n	10.45 Uliginosin B\n	10.46 Ursolic acid\n	10.47 Vanillin\n	References\n11: Choosing Herbal Treatments\n	11.1 Efficacy of Herbal Treatments of MDD\n	11.2 Herbs for Which There Is Less than Compelling Evidence of Efficacy\n	11.3 Combinations of Herbs\n	11.4 Addressing Comorbidities\n		11.4.1 Anxiety and Insomnia\n		11.4.2 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder\n		11.4.3 Premenstrual and Perimenopausal Symptoms\n		11.4.4 Dementia\n		11.4.5 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome\n		11.4.6 Fatigue, Lack of Resiliency, and General Malaise\n	11.5 Augmentation of Standard Antidepressant Treatment with Herbs\n	11.6 Safety\n	References\nIndex