Hepatic Encephalopathy: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Hepatic Encephalopathy: The Present and the Future....Pages 3-24
Front Matter....Pages 25-25
Ammonia in Liver and Extrahepatic Tissues: An Overview of Metabolism and Toxicity in Mammals....Pages 27-48
Neurophysiology of Ammonia Intoxication....Pages 49-77
Effect of Portacaval Anastomosis on Ammonia Metabolism in Brain and Liver....Pages 79-89
Selective Inhibition of Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases by Ammonia and Fatty Acyl Coenzyme a Derivatives....Pages 91-98
Acute Action of Ammonia on Leucine Metabolism in Isolated Astrocytes, Neurons and Oligo Cells of Rat Brain....Pages 99-111
Progressive Hyperammonemia and Insulin Resistance After Portacaval Shunt in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 113-125
Mesenteric Venous Stenosis Reduces Hyperammonemia in the Portacaval Shunted Rat....Pages 127-134
Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Syndrome Due to Urinary Bladder Distention and Infection....Pages 135-140
Role of Toxins and Synergism in Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 141-156
Brain Energy Metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 159-176
 In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Cerebral Metabolism in Rats after Portal-Caval Shunting.....Pages 177-187
Effects of Hypercarbia and Porta-Caval Shunting on Amino Acids and High Energy Phosphates of the Rat Brain: a 1 H and 31 P NMR Study....Pages 189-200
Positron-Emission Tomography in the Study of Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 201-213
The Use of Cultured Astrocytes in the Study of Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 215-229
Brain Edema in Experimental Fulminant Hepatic Failure....Pages 231-244
Encephalopathy of Reye’s Syndrome: Studies of the Pathogenic Process in Animal Models....Pages 245-259
The Rat with Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cirrhosis as a Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy.....Pages 261-270
Hepatic Encephalopathy and Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands....Pages 273-286
Detection and Characterization of Endogenous Benzodiazepine Activity in Both Animal Models and Humans with Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 287-294
Front Matter....Pages 25-25
Isolated CNS Neurons from a Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy Exhibit Increased Sensitivity to a Benzodiazepine....Pages 295-304
Studies of Central and “Peripheral-Type” Benzodiazepine Receptors in Autopsied Brain Tissue from Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 305-318
Ro 15–1788 Kinetics are Markedly Impaired in Cirrhotic Patients.....Pages 319-327
Plasma GABA-like Factor in Hepatic Encephalopathy May Be Taurine.....Pages 329-338
Diazepam Metabolism in Perfused Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes....Pages 339-351
Hepatocerebral Disjunction and Brain Serotonin....Pages 355-387
Biogenic Amines in Hepatic Encephalopathy: Evidence for Increased Serotonin Turnover in Human Brain....Pages 389-406
Increased Serotoninergic and Noradrenergic Activity in an Experimental Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rats....Pages 407-416
Excitatory Amino Acids and Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 417-433
Activities of Giutamate-Related Enzymes in Autopsied Brain Tissue from Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 435-445
Does Ammonia Exert Its Neurotoxicity Through an Inhibition of Transmitter Glutamate Synthesis?....Pages 447-454
Beta-Endorphin and Opiate Receptor Changes in Acute and Chronic Models of Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 455-466
Front Matter....Pages 467-467
Treatment of Hepatic Encephaiopathy. New Perspectives on Old Ideas.....Pages 469-481
Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy with Lactulose and Antibiotics....Pages 483-507
Nutritional Therapy of Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy: The Branched Chain Amino Acid Story....Pages 509-528
Nutrition, Diet and Hepatic Encephalopathy....Pages 529-547
Partial Portal Decompression: Initial Clinical Experience with Small-Stoma Portacaval Shunt....Pages 549-562
Benzodiazepine-Antagonist (Ro 15–1788) Flumazenil, Anexate R , Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Applications....Pages 565-584
Effects Of The Benzodiazepine Antagonist Flumazenil In Hepatic Encephalopathy in Man....Pages 585-595
Treatment Of Hepatic Encephalopathy With The Benzodiazepine Antagonist Flumazenil....Pages 597-612
Back Matter....Pages 613-621