Healthy People 2010 - Volume I, Understanding and Improving Health; Objectives for Improving Health (Healthy People 2010, Vol I)

Volume I......Page 1
Title Page
......Page 3
Message from the Secretary......Page 5
Foreword......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Leading Health Indicators......Page 14
Contents......Page 15
Healthy People 2010 Objectives......Page 16
Types of Objectives......Page 17
Population Group Data Table......Page 18
Targets for Measurable Objectives......Page 21
Tracking Healthy People 2010......Page 22
Introduction......Page 24
The Goals of Healthy People 2010......Page 25
How Healthy People 2010 Will Improve the Nation•s Health......Page 26
Everyone Can Help Achieve the Healthy People 2010 Objectives......Page 27
Other Information Is Available About Healthy People 2010......Page 28
Healthy People in Healthy Communities......Page 29
A Systematic Approachto Health Improvement 7......Page 30
Life Expectancy......Page 31
Achieving a Longer and Healthier Life—the Healthy People Perspective......Page 33
Gender......Page 34
Income and Education......Page 35
Disability......Page 38
Achieving Equity—The Healthy People Perspective......Page 39
Objectives......Page 40
Determinants of Health......Page 41
Health Status......Page 44
Leading Health Indicators 24
......Page 47
Physical Activity......Page 49
Overweight and Obesity......Page 51
Tobacco Use......Page 53
Substance Abuse......Page 55
Responsible Sexual Behavior......Page 57
Mental Health......Page 59
Injury and Violence......Page 61
Environmental Quality......Page 63
Immunization......Page 65
Access to Health Care......Page 67
A Systematic Approach to Health Improvement Goals......Page 70
Overweight and Obesity......Page 71
Responsible Sexual Behavior......Page 72
Environmental Quality......Page 73
Access to Health Care......Page 74
Appendix: Short Titles for Healthy People 2010 Objectives......Page 76
Contents......Page 86
Issues......Page 88
Trends......Page 91
Disparities......Page 92
Opportunities......Page 94
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 95
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 97
Clinical Preventive Care......Page 98
Primary Care......Page 103
Emergency Services......Page 114
Long-Term Care and Rehabilitative Services......Page 119
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 121
Terminology......Page 125
References......Page 127
Contents......Page 133
Issues and Trends......Page 135
Disparities......Page 138
Opportunities......Page 139
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 141
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 142
2-2. Reduce the proportion of adults with chronic joint symptoms who experience a limitation in activity due to arthritis.......Page 143
2-3. Reduce the proportion of all adults with chronic joint symptoms who have difficulty in performing two or more personal care......Page 144
2-5. Increase the employment rate among adults with arthritis in the working-aged population.......Page 146
2-6. (Developmental) Eliminate racial disparities in the rate of total knee replacements.......Page 147
2-8. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of persons with arthritis who have had effective, evidence-based arthritis educatio......Page 148
2-9. Reduce the proportion of adults with osteoporosis.......Page 149
2-10. Reduce the proportion of adults who are hospitalized for vertebral fractures associated with osteoporosis.......Page 150
2-11. Reduce activity limitation due to chronic back conditions.......Page 152
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 153
Terminology......Page 154
References......Page 155
Contents......Page 161
Issues and Trends......Page 163
Disparities......Page 164
Opportunities......Page 166
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 167
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 169
3-1. Reduce the overall cancer death rate.......Page 170
3-2. Reduce the lung cancer death rate.......Page 171
3-3. Reduce the breast cancer death rate.......Page 172
3-4. Reduce the death rate from cancer of the uterine cervix.......Page 173
3-5. Reduce the colorectal cancer death rate.......Page 174
3-6. Reduce the oropharyngeal cancer death rate.......Page 176
3-7. Reduce the prostate cancer death rate.......Page 177
3-8. Reduce the rate of melanoma cancer deaths.......Page 178
3-9. Increase the proportion of persons who use at least one of the following protective measures that may reduce the risk of sk......Page 179
3-10. Increase the proportion of physicians and dentists who counsel their at-risk patients about tobacco use cessation, physica......Page 182
3-11. Increase the proportion of women who receive a Pap test.......Page 183
3-12. Increase the proportion of adults who receive a colorectal cancer screening examination.......Page 184
3-13. Increase the proportion of women aged 40 years and older who have received a mammogram within the preceding 2 years.......Page 186
3-14. Increase the number of States that have a statewide population-based cancer registry that captures case information on at......Page 187
3-15. Increase the proportion of cancer survivors who are living 5 years or longer after diagnosis.......Page 188
Terminology......Page 189
References......Page 190
Contents......Page 193
Issues and Trends......Page 195
Disparities......Page 197
Opportunities......Page 199
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 200
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 201
4-1. Reduce the rate of new cases of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).......Page 202
4-2. Reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease in persons with chronic kidney failure.......Page 203
4-3. Increase the proportion of treated chronic kidney failure patients who have received counseling on nutrition, treatment cho......Page 205
4-4. Increase the proportion of new hemodialysis patients who use arteriovenous fistulas as the primary mode of vascular access.......Page 206
4-5. Increase the proportion of dialysis patients registered on the waiting list for transplantation.......Page 208
4-6. Increase the proportion of patients with treated chronic kidney failure who receive a transplant within 3 years of registra......Page 209
4-7. Reduce kidney failure due to diabetes.......Page 211
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 212
Terminology......Page 215
References......Page 217
Contents......Page 221
Issues......Page 223
Trends......Page 224
Disparities......Page 228
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 229
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 231
5-1. Increase the proportion of persons with diabetes who receive formal diabetes education.......Page 232
5-2. Prevent diabetes.......Page 233
5-3. Reduce the overall rate of diabetes that is clinically diagnosed.......Page 235
5-4. Increase the proportion of adults with diabetes whose condition has been diagnosed.......Page 236
5-5. Reduce the diabetes death rate.......Page 237
5-6. Reduce diabetes-related deaths among persons with diabetes.......Page 239
5-7. Reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease in persons with diabetes.......Page 240
5-9. (Developmental) Reduce the frequency of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes.......Page 241
5-10. Reduce the rate of lower extremity amputations in persons with diabetes.......Page 242
5-11. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of persons with diabetes who obtain an annual urinary microalbumin measurement.......Page 243
5-12. Increase the proportion of adults with diabetes who have a glycosylated hemoglobin measurement at least once a year.......Page 244
5-13. Increase the proportion of adults with diabetes who have an annual dilated eye examination.......Page 245
5-14. Increase the proportion of adults with diabetes who have at least an annual foot examination.......Page 246
5-15. Increase the proportion of persons with diabetes who have at least an annual dental examination.......Page 248
5-16. Increase the proportion of adults with diabetes who take aspirin at least 15 times per month.......Page 249
5-17. Increase the proportion of adults with diabetes who perform self-blood-glucose-monitoring at least once daily.......Page 250
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 252
Terminology......Page 253
References......Page 254
Contents......Page 261
Issues......Page 263
Trends......Page 264
Disparities......Page 265
Opportunities......Page 266
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 267
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 268
6-1. Include in the core of all relevant Healthy People 2010 surveillance instruments a standardized set of questions that ident......Page 269
6-2. Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents with disabilities who are reported to be sad, unhappy, or depressed.......Page 270
6-3. Reduce the proportion of adults with disabilities who report feelings such as sadness, unhappiness, or depression that prev......Page 271
6-4. Increase the proportion of adults with disabilities who participate in social activities.......Page 273
6-5. Increase the proportion of adults with disabilities reporting sufficient emotional support.......Page 274
6-6. Increase the proportion of adults with disabilities reporting satisfaction with life.......Page 276
6-7. Reduce the number of people with disabilities in congregate care facilities, consistent with permanency planning principles......Page 277
6-8. Eliminate disparities in employment rates between working-aged adults with and without disabilities.......Page 278
6-10. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of health and wellness and treatment programs and facilities that provide full acc......Page 280
6-12. (Developmental) Reduce the proportion of people with disabilities reporting environmental barriers to participation in hom......Page 281
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 282
Terminology......Page 285
References......Page 286
Contents......Page 289
Overview......Page 291
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 297
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 299
School Setting......Page 300
Worksite Setting......Page 306
Health Care Setting......Page 309
Community Setting and Select Populations......Page 310
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 314
Terminology......Page 315
References......Page 318
Contents......Page 322
Overview......Page 324
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 333
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 334
Outdoor Air Quality......Page 336
Water Quality......Page 339
Toxics and Waste......Page 342
Healthy Homes and Healthy Communities......Page 345
Infrastructure and Surveillance......Page 349
Global Environmental Health......Page 352
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 353
Terminology......Page 355
References......Page 359
Contents......Page 362
Overview......Page 364
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 369
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 371
9-1. Increase the proportion of pregnancies that are intended......Page 372
9-2. Reduce the proportion of births occurring within 24 months of a previous birth......Page 373
9-3. Increase the proportion of females at risk of unintended pregnancy (and their partners) who use contraception.......Page 375
9-4. Reduce the proportion of females experiencing pregnancy despite use of a reversible contraceptive method.......Page 377
9-5. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of health care providers who provide emergency contraception......Page 378
9-6. (Developmental) Increase male involvement in pregnancy prevention and family planning efforts.......Page 379
9-7. Reduce pregnancies among adolescent females.......Page 380
9-8. Increase the proportion of adolescents who have never engaged in sexual intercourse before age 15 years.......Page 381
9-9. Increase the proportion of adolescents who have never engaged in sexual intercourse.......Page 382
9-10. Increase the proportion of sexually active, unmarried adolescents aged 15 to 17 years who use contraception that both effectively prevents pregnancy and provides barrier protection against disease......Page 384
9-11. Increase the proportion of young adults who have received formal instruction before turning age 18 years on reproductive health issues, including all of the following topics: birth control methods, safer sex to prevent HIV, prevention
of sexually transmitted diseases, and abstinence.......Page 387
9-12. Reduce the proportion of married couples whose ability to conceive or maintain a pregnancy is impaired.......Page 389
9-13. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of health insurance policies that cover contraceptive supplies and services.......Page 390
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 391
Terminology......Page 392
References......Page 393
Contents......Page 396
Overview......Page 398
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 403
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 404
10-1. Reduce infections caused by key foodborne pathogens.......Page 405
10-2. Reduce outbreaks of infections caused by key foodborne bacteria.......Page 407
10-3. Prevent an increase in the proportion of isolates of Salmonella species from humans and from animals at slaughter that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs......Page 408
10-5. Increase the proportion of consumers who follow key food safety practices......Page 409
10-6. (Developmental) Improve food employee behaviors and food preparation practices that directly relate to foodborne illnesses in retail food establishments.......Page 410
Terminology......Page 411
References......Page 413
Contents......Page 415
Overview......Page 417
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 425
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 426
11-1. Increase the proportion of households with access to the Internet at home......Page 427
11-3. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of health communication activities that include research and evaluation.......Page 429
11-4. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of health-related World Wide Web sites that disclose information that can be used to assess the quality of the site.......Page 430
11-6. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of persons who report that their health care providers have satisfactory communication skills.......Page 431
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 432
Terminology......Page 433
References......Page 436
Contents......Page 440
Issues and Trends......Page 442
Disparities......Page 444
Opportunities......Page 446
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 453
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 454
12-1. Reduce coronary heart disease deaths.......Page 455
12-5. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of eligible persons with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who receive thei......Page 456
12-6. Reduce hospitalizations of older adults with congestive heart failure as the principal diagnosis.......Page 457
12-7. Reduce stroke deaths.......Page 458
12-9. Reduce the proportion of adults with high blood pressure.......Page 459
12-10. Increase the proportion of adults with high blood pressure whose blood pressure is under control.......Page 461
12-11. Increase the proportion of adults with high blood pressure who are taking action (for example, losing weight, increasing......Page 462
12-12. Increase the proportion of adults who have had their blood pressure measured within the preceding 2 years and can state w......Page 463
12-13. Reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels among adults.......Page 464
12-14. Reduce the proportion of adults with high total blood cholesterol levels.......Page 466
12-15. Increase the proportion of adults who have had their blood cholesterol checked within the preceding 5 years.......Page 467
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 468
Terminology......Page 469
References......Page 472
Contents......Page 478
Overview......Page 480
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 487
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 489
13-1. Reduce AIDS among adolescents and adults......Page 490
13-3. Reduce the number of new AIDS cases among females and males who inject drugs......Page 491
13-4. Reduce the number of new AIDS cases among adolescent and adult men who have sex with men and inject drugs.......Page 492
13-6. Increase the proportion of sexually active persons who use condoms.......Page 493
13-7. (Developmental) Increase the number of HIV-positive persons who know their serostatus......Page 495
13-10. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of inmates in State prison systems who receive voluntary HIV counseling and testi......Page 496
13-11. Increase the proportion of adults with tuberculosis (TB) who have been tested for HIV.......Page 497
13-12. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of adults in publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites who are screened fo......Page 498
13-13. Increase the proportion of HIV-infected adolescents and adults who receive testing, treatment, and prophylaxis consistent......Page 499
13-14. Reduce deaths from HIV infection.......Page 500
13-16. (Developmental) Increase years of life of an HIV-infected person by extending the interval of time between an AIDS diagno......Page 501
13-17. (Developmental) Reduce new cases of perinatally acquired HIV infection.......Page 502
Terminology......Page 503
References......Page 504
Contents......Page 508
Issues......Page 510
Trends......Page 511
Disparities......Page 513
Opportunities......Page 514
Interim Progress Toward Year 2000 Objectives......Page 515
Healthy People 2010—Summary of Objectives......Page 516
14-1. Reduce or eliminate indigenous cases of vaccinepreventable diseases.......Page 518
14-2. Reduce chronic hepatitis B virus infections in infants and young children (perinatal infections).......Page 519
14-3. Reduce hepatitis B.......Page 520
14-4. Reduce bacterial meningitis in young children.......Page 522
14-5. Reduce invasive pneumococcal infections.......Page 523
14-6. Reduce hepatitis A.......Page 525
14-7. Reduce meningococcal disease.......Page 527
14-8. Reduce Lyme disease.......Page 528
14-9. Reduce hepatitis C.......Page 529
14-10. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of persons with chronic hepatitis C infection identified by State and local healt......Page 530
14-11. Reduce tuberculosis.......Page 531
14-12. Increase the proportion of all tuberculosis patients who complete curative therapy within 12 months.......Page 532
14-15. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of international travelers who receive recommended preventive services when trave......Page 534
14-16. Reduce invasive early onset group B streptococcal disease.......Page 535
14-17. Reduce hospitalizations caused by peptic ulcer disease in the United States.......Page 536
14-18. Reduce the number of courses of antibiotics for ear infections for young children.......Page 538
14-19. Reduce the number of courses of antibiotics prescribed for the sole diagnosis of the common cold.......Page 539
14-20. Reduce hospital-acquired infections in intensive care unit patients.......Page 541
14-22. Achieve and maintain effective vaccination coverage levels for universally recommended vaccines among young children.......Page 542
14-23. Maintain vaccination coverage levels for children in licensed day care facilities and children in kindergarten through th......Page 545
14-24. Increase the proportion of young children and adolescents who receive all vaccines that have been recommended for univers......Page 546
14-25. Increase the proportion of providers who have measured the vaccination coverage levels among children in their practice p......Page 547
14-26. Increase the proportion of children who participate in fully operational population-based immunization registries.......Page 548
14-27. Increase routine vaccination coverage levels for adolescents.......Page 549
14-28. Increase hepatitis B vaccine coverage among high-risk groups.......Page 551
14-29. Increase the proportion of adults who are vaccinated annually against influenza and ever vaccinated against pneumococcal......Page 552
14-30. Reduce vaccine-associated adverse events.......Page 556
14-31. Increase the number of persons under active surveillance for vaccine safety via large linked databases.......Page 557
Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas......Page 558
Terminology......Page 559
References......Page 561