Health at a Glance

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Table of contents
Introduction
1. Health status
	Life expectancy at birth
		Chart 1.1. Female life expectancy at birth, 1998
		Chart 1.2. Male life expectancy at birth, 1998
		Chart 1.3. Female life expectancy at birth, 1960-1998
		Chart 1.4. Male life expectancy at birth, 1960-1998
	Life expectancy at age 65
		Chart 1.5. Female life expectancy at age 65, 1998
		Chart 1.6. Male life expectancy at age 65, 1998
		Chart 1.7. Female life expectancy at age 65, 1960-1998
		Chart 1.8. Male life expectancy at age 65, 1960-1998
	Infant mortality
		Chart 1.9. Infant mortality in OECD countries, 1999
		Chart 1.10. Average annual decline in infant mortality rates, 1960-1999
		Chart 1.11. Infant mortality, 1960-1999
		Chart 1.12. Infant mortality and GDP per capita ($PPP), 1999
	Premature mortality
		Chart 1.13. Female PYLL before age 70, all causes, 1997
		Chart 1.14. Male PYLL before age 70, all causes, 1997
		Chart 1.15.  Leading causes of female premature mortality, 27 country average, 1995
		Chart 1.16.  Leading causes of male premature mortality, 27 country average, 1995
	Self-reported general health
		Chart 1.17. Females, percentage reporting their health as “good” or better, latest year available
		Chart 1.18. Males, percentage reporting their health as “good” or better, latest year available
		Chart 1.19.  Trends in the female population aged 15 and over reporting their health to be good or better
		Chart 1.20.  Trends in the male population aged 15 and over reporting their health to be good or better
2. Health care resources
	Practising physicians and nurses
		Chart 2.1.  Practising physicians per 1 000 population, late 1990s
		Chart 2.2. Practising and certified nurses per 1 000 population, late 1990s
		Chart 2.3. Practising physicians per 1 000 population, 1960-1998
		Chart 2.4. Trends in number of certified nurses per 1 000 population
	Inpatient and acute-care beds
		Chart 2.5. Total inpatient beds per 1 000 population, late 1990s
		Chart 2.6. Acute-care beds per 1 000 population, late 1990s
		Chart 2.7. Total inpatient beds per 1 000 population, 1960-1998
		Chart 2.8. Acute-care beds per 1 000 population, 1980-1998
3. Health care utilisation
	Consultations with doctors
		Chart 3.1. Doctor consultations per capita, late 1990s
		Chart 3.2. Change in doctor consultations per capita, 1980-late 1990s
		Chart 3.3. Trends in doctor consultations per capita, 1980-1997
		Chart 3.4.  Relationship between changes in physician density and physician consultations, 1980-1996/97
	Childhood immunisation
		Chart 3.5.  Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis immunisation rates for young children, latest year available
		Chart 3.6. Measles immunisation rates for young children, latest year available
		Chart 3.7.  Trends in the proportion of children vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
		Chart 3.8. Trends in the proportion of children vaccinated against measles
	Admissions to hospitals and nursing homes
		Chart 3.9. Inpatient admissions per 1 000 population, late 1990s
		Chart 3.10. Acute-care admissions per 1 000 population, late 1990s
		Chart 3.11. Inpatient care admissions per 1 000 population, 1970-1998
		Chart 3.12. Acute-care admissions per 1 000 population, 1980-1998
	Average length of stay in acute care
		Chart 3.13. Average length of stay in acute care, late 1990s
		Chart 3.14. Average length of stay in acute care, 1980-1998
		Chart 3.15.  Average annual rates of change of acute average length of stay and acute beds...
		Chart 3.16.  Average length of stay for normal delivery
4. Expenditure on health
	Health expenditure
		Chart 4.1. Health expenditure per capita (US$ economy-wide PPP), 1998
		Chart 4.2. Average annual growth rate, real health expenditure per capita, 1970-1998
		Chart 4.3. Real health expenditure per capita, deflated by GDP prices, 1970-1998
		Chart 4.4. Annual growth in real health expenditure per capita, 19 country average, 1970-1998
	Health expenditure in relation to Gross Domestic Product
		Chart 4.5. Expenditure on health as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product, 1998
		Chart 4.6. Change in health expenditure asashare of Gross Domestic Product, 1970-1998
		Chart 4.7. Per capita Gross Domestic Product and per capita health expenditure, 1998
		Chart 4.8. Health expenditure as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product, 1970-1998
	Responsibility for financing health care
		Chart 4.9. Public funding as a percentage of total health expenditure, 1998
		Chart 4.10. Change in the public share of expenditure on health, 1970-1998
		Chart 4.11. Public share of health expenditure, in 1970 and 1998 (with linear interpolation)
	Pharmaceutical expenditure
		Chart 4.12. Total expenditure on pharmaceuticals per capita (US$ PPP), 1998
		Chart 4.13. Expenditure on pharmaceuticals asashare of total health expenditure, 1997/98
		Chart 4.14. Real expenditure per capita onpharmaceuticals, 1970-1997
		Chart 4.15. Real growth rate of pharmaceutical expenditure per capita, 1970-1998
5. Non-medical determinants of health
	Tobacco consumption
		Chart 5.1. Percentage of females who report smoking daily, latest year available
		Chart 5.2. Percentage of males who report smoking daily, latest year available
		Chart 5.3.  Percentage of daily smokers, males and females, in Japan and the United States...
		Chart 5.4. Tobacco consumption, 1975-77 andsubsequent deaths from lung cancer, 1995-97
	Alcohol consumption
		Chart 5.5. Alcohol consumption, litres per capita (population aged 15 years and over), 1998
		Chart 5.6. Changes in alcohol consumption per capita (population aged 15 years and over), 1980-1...
		Chart 5.7. Alcohol consumption in litres per population 15 years and over, 1960-1998
		Chart 5.8.  Liver cirrhosis deaths in 1997 per 100 000 (males) and alcohol consumption, 1992
	Body weight
		Chart 5.9.  Percentage of females aged 15 years and over with Body Mass Index over 30...
		Chart 5.10.  Percentage of males aged 15 years and over with Body Mass Index over 30...
		Chart 5.11. Trend in the prevalence of obesity among the adult population
6. Demographic and economic context
	Total population
		Chart 6.1. Total population in thousands, 2000
		Chart 6.2. Population growth rates, 1970-2000
		Chart 6.3.  Annual rate of population growth, 1970-2000
		Chart 6.4. Population growth projections for total OECD area by selected age groups, 2000-2030
	Share of the population aged 65 and over
		Chart 6.5. Share of the population aged 65+, 1999
		Chart 6.6. Per capita health expenditure by age group, population 65+ and 75+ compared with 0-64...
		Chart 6.7. Share of the population aged 65 or more years
	Gross Domestic Product per capita and income distribution
		Chart 6.8. Gross Domestic Product per capita (US$ economy-wide PPPs), 1999
		Chart 6.9. Average annual growth rates, real Gross Domestic Product per capita, 1970-1999
		Chart 6.10. Trends in income inequality, mid-1980s to mid-1990s
Annex 1.  Annex tables
	Table 1.1.  Female life expectancy at birth, 1960-1998
	Table 1.2.  Male life expectancy at birth, 1960-1998
	Table 1.3.  Female life expectancy at age 65, 1960-1998
	Table 1.4.  Male life expectancy at age 65, 1960-1998
	Table 1.5. Infant mortality, deaths per 1 000 live births, 1960-1999
	Table 1.6. Female potential years of life lost, all causes, 1960-1997
	Table 1.7. Male potential years of life lost, all causes, 1960-1997
	Table 1.8. Percentage of population who report their health as “good” or better, 1990s
	Table 2.1. Practising physicians per 1 000 population, 1960-1999
	Table 2.2. Practising certified nurses per 1 000 population, 1960-1999
	Table 2.3. Inpatient beds per 1 000 population, 1960-1999
	Table 2.4. Acute-care beds per 1 000 population, 1960-1999
	Table 3.1. Number of consultations with doctors per capita, 1960-1998
	Table 3.2.  Proportion of young children vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP)...
	Table 3.3. Inpatient care admissions, per 1 000 population
	Table 3.4. Acute-care admissions per 1 000 population
	Table 3.5. Acute average length of stay, 1960-1999
	Table 4.1. Real health expenditure per capita, average annual growth rates
	Table 4.2. Health expenditure as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product, 1970-1998
	Table 4.3. Public funding as a percentage of health expenditure, 1970-1998
	Table 4.4. Real per capita expenditure on pharmaceuticals, average annual growth rates
	Table 4.5. Pharmaceutical expenditure as a share of total health expenditure, 1970-1998
	Table 5.1.  Self-reported proportion of daily smokers, persons 15 years and over, latest year available
	Table 5.2. Alcohol consumption (in litres) perpopulation 15 years andover, 1960-1999
	Table 5.3.  Percentage of the population aged 15 years and over with Body Mass Index over 30...
	Table 6.1. Total population (in thousands) in OECD countries, 1970-2000
	Table 6.2. Share of the population aged 65 and over, 1960-1999
	Table 6.3. Gross Domestic Product per capita, average annual growth rates, 1970-1999 and levels ...
Annex 2.  Comparisons of health expenditure across countries and over time...
Annex 3.  Main fields covered in OECD Health Data 2001
Bibliography