Health and Safety in Emergency Management and Response

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acronyms
Chapter 1 Safety in Emergencies and Disasters
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 9/11 Response
	1.3 Deepwater Horizon
	1.4 Emergency Responders
	1.5 Toxicology: How Do We Know What Causes Cancer or Other Health Effects?
	1.6 Principles of Injury and Illness Prevention
	1.7 Safety Management in Incident Response
	1.8 Safety Officer Qualifications
	1.9 Summary
	References
Chapter 2 Applicability of Safety Regulations in Emergency Response
	2.1 The Occupational Safety and Health Act
	2.2 State Plan States and Territories
	2.3 Tribes
	2.4 Safety Requirements in Fire Departments
	2.5 Safety Requirements in Law Enforcement
	2.6 Additional Federal Safety Regulations
	2.7 Safety Expectations in the National Preparedness Goal and Supporting Frameworks
	2.8 OSHA, ESF #8, and the Worker Safety and Health Support Annex
	2.9 Safety in State Emergency Management Plans
	2.10 Liability in Incident Response
	2.11 Multiemployer Worksites
	2.12 Summary
	References
Chapter 3 Types of Emergencies and Disasters, and Related Hazards
	3.1 The All‐Hazards Approach
	3.2 Hazardous Materials Release or Spill
	3.3 Severe Weather
		3.3.1 Extreme Heat
		3.3.2 Extreme Cold
		3.3.3 Winter Storms
		3.3.4 Thunderstorms
		3.3.5 Hailstorms
	3.4 Tropical Storms, Hurricanes, and Windstorms
	3.5 Tornados
	3.6 Floods
	3.7 Landslides
	3.8 Earthquakes
	3.9 Volcanic Eruption
	3.10 Tsunami
	3.11 Fire
		3.11.1 Chemical Exposures in Firefighting
		3.11.2 Additional Hazards to Firefighters
		3.11.3 Wildland Fires
	3.12 Transportation Incidents
		3.12.1 Aircraft Incidents
		3.12.2 Rail Incidents
	3.13 Pandemic
	3.14 Radiological Incident
	3.15 Terrorism Attack: Chemical or Biological Release
	3.16 Summary
	References
Chapter 4 Regulatory Requirements and Their Applicability in Emergency Response
	4.1 Hazard Communication
	4.2 Personal Protective Equipment
	4.3 Respiratory Protection
		4.3.1 Respirator Selection
		4.3.2 Medical Qualification for Respirator Wearers
		4.3.3 Respirator Fit Testing
		4.3.4 Respirator Care and Maintenance
		4.3.5 Substance Specific Requirements
	4.4 Blood‐borne Pathogens
	4.5 Fall Protection
	4.6 Excavations
	4.7 Confined Space
	4.8 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER)
	4.9 Noise exposures
	4.10 Sanitation and Temporary Labor Camps
	4.11 Operation of Heavy Equipment
	4.12 General Duty Clause Citations
	4.13 Heat
	4.14 Traffic Control
	4.15 Ergonomics
	4.16 Fatigue
	4.17 Food Safety
	4.18 Summary
	References
Chapter 5 Safety Training for a Response
	5.1 Respirators
	5.2 PPE
	5.3 Blood‐borne Pathogens
	5.4 Noise
	5.5 Chemical Hazards (General)
	5.6 Chemical‐Specific Hazards
	5.7 Asbestos
	5.8 Lead
	5.9 Silica
	5.10 Hexavalent Chromium
	5.11 Fall Protection
	5.12 Material Handling Equipment
	5.13 Heat Exposure
	5.14 HAZWOPER
	5.15 Fatigue
	5.16 Distracted Driving
	5.17 OSHA 10‐ and 30‐Hour Training
	5.18 OSHA Disaster Site Worker Outreach Training Program
	5.19 Delivering Training
	5.20 Learning Styles
	5.21 Efficiency
	5.22 Summary
	References
Chapter 6 Industrial Hygiene and Medical Monitoring
	6.1 Exposure Evaluation and Respirator Selection
	6.2 Respirator Medical Evaluation
	6.3 Blood‐borne Pathogens and Hepatitis B Vaccines
	6.4 Medical Evaluations Following Needlestick Injuries and Other Blood‐borne Pathogen Exposure Incidents
	6.5 Hearing Tests and Audiograms
	6.6 Lead
	6.7 Silica
	6.8 Asbestos
	6.9 Hexavalent Chromium
	6.10 Benzene
	6.11 Cadmium
	6.12 Other Substance‐Specific Standards
	6.13 First Aid and Emergency Medical Response
	6.14 HAZWOPER
	6.15 Diving
	6.16 Ergonomics
	6.17 Payment for Medical Exams
	6.18 Logistics of Conducting Medical Surveillance
	6.19 Recordkeeping 1910.1020
	6.20 Summary
	References
Chapter 7 Psychological Hazards Related to Emergency Response
	7.1 Neurophysiological Response to Fear and Stress
	7.2 Acute Stress Disorder
	7.3 Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder
	7.4 Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
	7.5 Cumulative Traumatic Stress Exposures
	7.6 Risk Factors for Developing PTSD
	7.7 Compassion Fatigue and Secondary Traumatic Stress
	7.8 Coping Mechanisms
	7.9 The Impact of Preexisting Conditions
	7.10 Stress, Trauma, and Decision‐Making
	7.11 Substance Abuse
	7.12 First Responder Suicides
	7.13 Prevention: Mental Health Wellness
	7.14 The Role of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)
	7.15 Additional Treatment Options
	7.16 Psychological First Aid
	7.17 Mental Health First Aid
	7.18 Responders in Their Own Community: Missing or Deceased Family Members
	7.19 Stress Management Programs
	7.20 Summary
	References
Chapter 8 Safety Officer Duties During an Incident Response
	8.1 Initial Response and the Planning “P”
	8.2 The Operations “O”
	8.3 The Incident Action Plan (IAP)
	8.4 Incident Objectives
	8.5 Strategies
	8.6 Tactics
	8.7 Incident Safety Analysis
	8.8 The Planning Meeting
	8.9 Development of the Incident Action Plan (IAP)
	8.10 ICS Form 208: Safety Message/Plan
	8.11 Demobilization Planning
	8.12 The Operations Briefing
	8.13 New Operational Period Begins
	8.14 Summary
	References
Chapter 9 Assistant Safety Officers, Technical Specialists, and Other Safety Support Roles
	9.1 Assistant Safety Officer
	9.2 Duties of Assistant Safety Officers
	9.3 Technical Specialists
	9.4 Industrial Hygienists
	9.5 Toxicologist
	9.6 Health Physicist
	9.7 Safety Engineer
	9.8 Competent Persons
	9.9 Health and Safety Trainer
	9.10 Respiratory Protection Program Administrator
	9.11 Decontamination Specialist
	9.12 Field Observer for Safety Officer
	9.13 Occupational Medicine Specialist
	9.14 Behavioral Health Specialist
	9.15 Environmental Monitoring
	9.16 Risk Assessor
	9.17 Food Safety Specialist
	9.18 Environmental Health/Sanitation Specialist
	9.19 Safety Support for Temporary Support Facilities
	9.20 Summary
	References
Chapter 10 Integrating Safety into Emergency Planning
	10.1 The Emergency Planning and Community Right‐to‐Know Act
	10.2 State Emergency Response Commissions (SERC)
	10.3 Tribal Emergency Response Commissions (TERC)
	10.4 Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs)
	10.5 Emergency Planning Under the National Response Framework
	10.6 Community Emergency Response Teams
	10.7 Emergency Planning Guidance from the United Nations
	10.8 NFPA 1600
	10.9 Regulated Industries
	10.10 Process Safety Management–Emergency Response
	10.11 HAZWOPER Emergency Planning Requirements
	10.12 Airport Emergency Plans
	10.13 Passenger Train Emergency Preparedness Plan (PTEPP)
	10.14 Consolidation of Plans Written to Meet Differing Regulatory Requirements
	10.15 Integrating Responder Safety Considerations into Emergency Plans
	10.16 Participation as a Stakeholder to Incorporate Worker Safety into Emergency Plans
	10.17 Summary
	References
Chapter 11 Safety in Drills and Exercises
	11.1 Types of Exercises
	11.2 Exercise Requirements for Airports
	11.3 Exercise Requirements for Passenger Railroads
	11.4 Exercising Emergency Plans Under OSHA\'s Process Safety Management Standard and HAZWOPER
	11.5 Oil Response Plan Training, Drill, and Exercise Requirements
	11.6 Other Industries
	11.7 National Exercise Program
	11.8 Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP)
	11.9 Moving Toward a Common Approach to Exercises
	11.10 Exercise Safety Plan
	11.11 Summary
	References
Chapter 12 Safety in Continuity of Operations
	12.1 National Essential Functions
	12.2 Critical Infrastructure
	12.3 Importance of Continuity
	12.4 Essential Functions in Organizations
	12.5 Risk Mitigation
	12.6 Continuity Plans and the Employees That Carry Them Out
	12.7 Continuity Safety Plans
	12.8 Reasonable Accommodations During Continuity Operations
	12.9 Medical Support for Employees During Continuity Operations
	12.10 Information Technology Disaster Recovery Plans
	12.11 Safety Program Essential Records
	12.12 Pandemic Planning
	12.13 Training, Testing, and Exercising Continuity of Operations Plans
	12.14 Reconstitution and the New Normal
	12.15 Summary
	References
Index
EULA