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ویرایش: Twentieth
نویسندگان: J. Larry Jameson
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9781259643996, 1259644014
ناشر:
سال نشر: 2018
تعداد صفحات: 3790
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 329 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Harrison's principles of internal medicine به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب اصول طب داخلی هریسون نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
\\\"Harrison\\\'s برای فراگیران در طول حرفه آنها در نظر گرفته شده است. برای دانش آموزان، بخش 1، فصل 1 با مروری بر \"عمل پزشکی\" آغاز می شود. در این فصل مقدماتی، ویراستاران سنت هدایت پزشکان را ادامه می دهند. علم و هنر پزشکی، با تأکید بر ارزشهای حرفهمان و در عین حال ترکیب پیشرفتهای جدید در فناوری، علم و مراقبتهای بالینی. این فصول به شیوا بیان می کند که چگونه بیماران با شرایط بالینی رایج، مانند سردرد، تب، سرفه، تپش قلب، یا کم خونی مراجعه می کنند و یک نمای کلی از علائم معمول، یافته های فیزیکی و تشخیص افتراقی ارائه می دهند.تسلط بر این موضوعات، دانش آموزان را برای فصل های بعدی آماده می کند. بیماری های خاصی که آنها در دوره های پاتوفیزیولوژی و کارآموزی بالینی با آنها مواجه خواهند شد.
\"Harrison\'s is intended for learners throughout their careers. For students, Part 1, Chapter 1 begins with an overview of \"The Practice of Medicine.\" In this introductory chapter, the editors continue the tradition of orienting clinicians to the science and the art of medicine, emphasizing the values of our profession while incorporating new advances in technology, science, and clinical care. Part 2, \"Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases\" is a signature feature of Harrison\'s. These chapters eloquently describe how patients present with common clinical conditions, such as headache, fever, cough, palpitations, or anemia, and provide an overview of typical symptoms, physical findings, and differential diagnosis. Mastery of these topics prepares students for subsequent chapters on specific diseases they will encounter in courses on pathophysiology and in clinical clerkships\"--
Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Contributors Preface PART 1 The Profession of Medicine 1 The Practice of Medicine 2 Promoting Good Health 3 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine 4 Screening and Prevention of Disease 5 Health Care Systems in Developed Countries 6 The Safety and Quality of Health Care 7 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care 8 Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine 9 Palliative and End-of-Life Care PART 2 Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases SECTION 1 Pain 10 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management 11 Chest Discomfort 12 Abdominal Pain 13 Headache 14 Back and Neck Pain SECTION 2 Alterations in Body Temperature 15 Fever 16 Fever and Rash 17 Fever of Unknown Origin SECTION 3 Nervous System Dysfunction 18 Syncope 19 Dizziness and Vertigo 20 Fatigue 21 Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis 22 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss 23 Gait Disorders, Imbalance, and Falls 24 Confusion and Delirium 25 Dementia 26 Aphasia, Memory Loss, Hemispatial Neglect, Frontal Syndromes, and Other Cerebral Disorders 27 Sleep Disorders SECTION 4 Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat 28 Disorders of the Eye 29 Disorders of Smell and Taste 30 Disorders of Hearing 31 Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper Respiratory Symptoms 32 Oral Manifestations of Disease SECTION 5 Alterations in Circulatory and Respiratory Functions 33 Dyspnea 34 Cough 35 Hemoptysis 36 Hypoxia and Cyanosis 37 Edema 38 Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur 39 Palpitations SECTION 6 Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function 40 Dysphagia 41 Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion 42 Diarrhea and Constipation 43 Unintentional Weight Loss 44 Gastrointestinal Bleeding 45 Jaundice 46 Abdominal Swelling and Ascites SECTION 7 Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function 47 Dysuria, Bladder Pain, and the Interstitial Cystitis/ Bladder Pain Syndrome 48 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities 49 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances 50 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia 51 Acidosis and Alkalosis SECTION 8 Alterations in the Skin 52 Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder 53 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders 54 Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease 55 Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases 56 Cutaneous Drug Reactions 57 Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light SECTION 9 Hematologic Alterations 58 Interpreting Peripheral Blood Smears 59 Anemia and Polycythemia 60 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes 61 Bleeding and Thrombosis 62 Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen PART 3 Pharmacology 63 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology 64 Pharmacogenomics PART 4 Oncology and Hematology SECTION 1 Neoplastic Disorders 65 Approach to the Patient with Cancer 66 Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer 67 Cancer Genetics 68 Cancer Cell Biology 69 Principles of Cancer Treatment 70 Infections in Patients with Cancer 71 Oncologic Emergencies 72 Cancer of the Skin 73 Head and Neck Cancer 74 Neoplasms of the Lung 75 Breast Cancer 76 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers 77 Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers 78 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree 79 Pancreatic Cancer 80 Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas 81 Renal Cell Carcinoma 82 Cancer of the Bladder and Urinary Tract 83 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate 84 Testicular Cancer 85 Gynecologic Malignancies 86 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System 87 Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone Metastases 88 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary 89 Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/ Hematologic 90 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis 91 Late Consequences of Cancer and Its Treatment SECTION 2 Hematopoietic Disorders 92 Hematopoietic Stem Cells 93 Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias 94 Disorders of Hemoglobin 95 Megaloblastic Anemias 96 Hemolytic Anemias 97 Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss 98 Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Including Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia 99 Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 100 Acute Myeloid Leukemia 101 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 102 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia 103 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 104 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 105 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 106 Less Common Hematologic Malignancies 107 Plasma Cell Disorders 108 Amyloidosis 109 Transfusion Biology and Therapy 110 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation SECTION 3 Disorders of Hemostasis 111 Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall 112 Coagulation Disorders 113 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis 114 Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs PART 5 Infectious Diseases SECTION 1 Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases 115 Approach to the Patient with an Infectious Disease 116 Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis 117 Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient 118 Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use 119 Health Recommendations for International Travel 120 Climate Change and Infectious Disease SECTION 2 Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections 121 Pneumonia 122 Lung Abscess 123 Infective Endocarditis 124 Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues 125 Infectious Arthritis 126 Osteomyelitis 127 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses 128 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning 129 Clostridium difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis 130 Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis 131 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach 132 Encephalitis 133 Acute Meningitis 134 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis 135 Brain Abscess and Empyema 136 Infectious Complications of Bites SECTION 3 Clinical Syndromes: Health Care–Associated Infections 137 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities 138 Infections in Transplant Recipients SECTION 4 Therapy for Bacterial Diseases 139 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections 140 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents SECTION 5 Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria 141 Pneumococcal Infections 142 Staphylococcal Infections 143 Streptococcal Infections 144 Enterococcal Infections 145 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections 146 Listeria monocytogenes Infections 147 Tetanus 148 Botulism 149 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections SECTION 6 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria 150 Meningococcal Infections 151 Gonococcal Infections 152 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections 153 Infections Due to the HACEK Group and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria 154 Legionella Infections 155 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections 156 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli 157 Acinetobacter Infections 158 Helicobacter pylori Infections 159 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species 160 Salmonellosis 161 Shigellosis 162 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms 163 Cholera and Other Vibrioses 164 Brucellosis 165 Tularemia 166 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections 167 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease 168 Donovanosis SECTION 7 Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections 169 Nocardiosis 170 Actinomycosis 171 Whipple’s Disease 172 Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms SECTION 8 Mycobacterial Diseases 173 Tuberculosis 174 Leprosy 175 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections 176 Antimycobacterial Agents SECTION 9 Spirochetal Diseases 177 Syphilis 178 Endemic Treponematoses 179 Leptospirosis 180 Relapsing Fever 181 Lyme Borreliosis SECTION 10 Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae 182 Rickettsial Diseases 183 Infections Due to Mycoplasmas 184 Chlamydial Infections SECTION 11 Viral Diseases: General Considerations 185 Medical Virology 186 Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral Drugs SECTION 12 Infections Due to DNA Viruses 187 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections 188 V aricella-Zoster Virus Infections 189 Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis 190 Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8 191 Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections 192 Parvovirus Infections 193 Human Papillomavirus Infections SECTION 13 Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses 194 Common Viral Respiratory Infections 195 Influenza SECTION 14 Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses 196 The Human Retroviruses 197 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders SECTION 15 Infections Due to RNA Viruses 198 Viral Gastroenteritis 199 Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Reovirus Infections 200 Measles (Rubeola) 201 Rubella (German Measles) 202 Mumps 203 Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections 204 Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Virus Infections 205 Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections SECTION 16 Fungal Infections 206 Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections 207 Histoplasmosis 208 Coccidioidomycosis 209 Blastomycosis 210 Cryptococcosis 211 Candidiasis 212 Aspergillosis 213 Mucormycosis 214 Superficial Mycoses and Less Common Systemic Mycoses 215 Pneumocystis Infections SECTION 17 Protozoal and Helminthic Infections: General Considerations 216 Introduction to Parasitic Infections 217 Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections SECTION 18 Protozoal Infections 218 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebae 219 Malaria 220 Babesiosis 221 Leishmaniasis 222 Chagas Disease and African Trypanosomiasis 223 Toxoplasma Infections 224 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis SECTION 19 Helminthic Infections 225 Introduction to Helminthic Infections 226 Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections 227 Intestinal Nematode Infections 228 Filarial and Related Infections 229 Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections 230 Cestode Infections PART 6 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System SECTION 1 Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders 231 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease 232 Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System 233 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease SECTION 2 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders 234 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System 235 Electrocardiography 236 Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography, Nuclear Cardiology, and Magnetic Resonance/ Computed Tomography Imaging 237 Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography SECTION 3 Disorders of Rhythm 238 Principles of Electrophysiology 239 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node 240 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Atrioventricular Node 241 Approach to Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias 242 Physiologic and Nonphysiologic Sinus Tachycardia 243 Focal Atrial Tachycardia 244 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias 245 Common Atrial Flutter, Macroreentrant, and Multifocal Atrial Tachycardias 246 Atrial Fibrillation 247 Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias 248 Premature Ventricular Beats, Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia, and Idioventricular Rhythm 249 Sustained V entricular Tachycardia 250 Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation 251 Electrical Storm and Incessant VT SECTION 4 Disorders of the Heart 252 Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis 253 Heart Failure: Management 254 Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis 255 Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted Circulation 256 Aortic Valve Disease 257 Aortic Regurgitation 258 Mitral Stenosis 259 Mitral Regurgitation 260 Mitral V alve Prolapse 261 Tricuspid Valve Disease 262 Pulmonic Valve Disease 263 Multiple and Mixed Valvular Heart Disease 264 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult 265 Pericardial Disease 266 Atrial Myxoma and Other Cardiac Tumors SECTION 5 Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease 267 Ischemic Heart Disease 268 Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina) 269 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 270 Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Other Interventional Procedures 271 Hypertensive Vascular Disease 272 Renovascular Disease 273 Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism 274 Diseases of the Aorta 275 Arterial Diseases of the Extremities 276 Chronic Venous Disease and Lymphedema 277 Pulmonary Hypertension PART 7 Disorders of the Respiratory System SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders 278 Approach to the Patient with Disease of the Respiratory System 279 Disturbances of Respiratory Function 280 Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Disease SECTION 2 Diseases of the Respiratory System 281 Asthma 282 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia 283 Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease 284 Bronchiectasis 285 Cystic Fibrosis 286 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 287 Interstitial Lung Disease 288 Disorders of the Pleura 289 Disorders of the Mediastinum 290 Disorders of Ventilation 291 Sleep Apnea 292 Lung Transplantation PART 8 Critical Care Medicine SECTION 1 Respiratory Critical Care 293 Approach to the Patient with Critical Illness 294 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 295 Mechanical Ventilatory Support SECTION 2 Shock and Cardiac Arrest 296 Approach to the Patient with Shock 297 Sepsis and Septic Shock 298 Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema 299 Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death SECTION 3 Neurologic Critical Care 300 Coma 301 Severe Acute Encephalopathies and Critical Care Weakness 302 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage PART 9 Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract 303 Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney 304 Acute Kidney Injury 305 Chronic Kidney Disease 306 Dialysis in the Treatment of Renal Failure 307 Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure 308 Glomerular Diseases 309 Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Inherited Disorders of Tubule Growth and Development 310 Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney 311 Vascular Injury to the Kidney 312 Nephrolithiasis 313 Urinary Tract Obstruction PART 10 Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System SECTION 1 Disorders of the Alimentary Tract 314 Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease 315 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 316 Diseases of the Esophagus 317 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders 318 Disorders of Absorption 319 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 320 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 321 Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal Disorders 322 Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency 323 Acute Intestinal Obstruction 324 Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis SECTION 2 Nutrition 325 Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment 326 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess 327 Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment 328 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition SECTION 3 Liver and Biliary Tract Disease 329 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease 330 Evaluation of Liver Function 331 The Hyperbilirubinemias 332 Acute Viral Hepatitis 333 Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis 334 Chronic Hepatitis 335 Alcoholic Liver Disease 336 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis 337 Cirrhosis and Its Complications 338 Liver Transplantation 339 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts SECTION 4 Disorders of the Pancreas 340 Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease 341 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis PART 11 Immune-Mediated, Inflammatory, and Rheumatologic Disorders SECTION 1 The Immune System in Health and Disease 342 Introduction to the Immune System 343 The Major Histocompatibility Complex 344 Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases SECTION 2 Disorders of Immune-Mediated Injury 345 Urticaria, Angioedema, and Allergic Rhinitis 346 Anaphylaxis 347 Mastocytosis 348 Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases 349 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 350 Antiphospholipid Syndrome 351 Rheumatoid Arthritis 352 Acute Rheumatic Fever 353 Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders 354 Sjögren’s Syndrome 355 The Spondyloarthritides 356 The Vasculitis Syndromes 357 Behçet’s Syndrome 358 Inflammatory Myopathies 359 Relapsing Polychondritis 360 Sarcoidosis 361 IgG4-Related Disease 362 Familial Mediterranean Fever and Other Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases SECTION 3 Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues 363 Approach to Articular and Musculoskeletal Disorders 364 Osteoarthritis 365 Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies 366 Fibromyalgia 367 Arthritis Associated with Systemic Disease, and Other Arthritides 368 Periarticular Disorders of the Extremities PART 12 Endocrinology and Metabolism SECTION 1 Endocrinology 369 Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disorders 370 Mechanisms of Hormone Action 371 Physiology of Anterior Pituitary Hormones 372 Hypopituitarism 373 Pituitary Tumor Syndromes 374 Disorders of the Neurohypophysis 375 Thyroid Gland Physiology and Testing 376 Hypothyroidism 377 Hyperthyroidism 378 Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer 379 Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex 380 Pheochromocytoma 381 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 382 Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes SECTION 2 Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine 383 Disorders of Sex Development 384 Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive System 385 Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 386 Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain 387 Hirsutism 388 Menopause and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy 389 Infertility and Contraception 390 Sexual Dysfunction 391 Women’s Health 392 Men’s Health 393 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Health SECTION 3 Obesity , Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolic Syndrome 394 Pathobiology of Obesity 395 Evaluation and Management of Obesity 396 Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis, Classification, and Pathophysiology 397 Diabetes Mellitus: Management and Therapies 398 Diabetes Mellitus: Complications 399 Hypoglycemia 400 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism 401 The Metabolic Syndrome SECTION 4 Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 402 Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease 403 Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis 404 Osteoporosis 405 Paget’s Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone SECTION 5 Disorders of Intermediary Metabolism 406 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue 407 Hemochromatosis 408 Wilson’s Disease 409 The Porphyrias 410 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism 411 Lysosomal Storage Diseases 412 Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism 413 Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults 414 Inherited Defects of Membrane Transport PART 13 Neurologic Disorders SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders 415 Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease 416 Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders 417 Pathobiology of Neurologic Diseases SECTION 2 Diseases of the Central Nervous System 418 Seizures and Epilepsy 419 Cerebrovascular Diseases 420 Ischemic Stroke 421 Intracranial Hemorrhage 422 Migraine and Other Primary Headache Disorders 423 Alzheimer’s Disease 424 Frontotemporal Dementia 425 Vascular Dementia 426 Dementia with Lewy Bodies 427 Parkinson’s Disease 428 Tremor, Chorea, and Other Movement Disorders 429 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases 430 Prion Diseases 431 Ataxic Disorders 432 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System 433 Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell’s Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders 434 Diseases of the Spinal Cord 435 Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries 436 Multiple Sclerosis 437 Neuromyelitis Optica SECTION 3 Nerve and Muscle Disorders 438 Peripheral Neuropathy 439 Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies 440 Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction 441 Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases SECTION 4 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 442 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome SECTION 5 Psychiatric and Addiction Disorders 443 Biology of Psychiatric Disorders 444 Psychiatric Disorders 445 Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorders 446 Opioid-Related Disorders 447 Cocaine and Other Commonly Used Drugs 448 Nicotine Addiction PART 14 Poisoning, Drug Overdose, and Envenomation 449 Heavy Metal Poisoning 450 Poisoning and Drug Overdose 451 Disorders Caused by Venomous Snakebites and Marine Animal Exposures 452 Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Injuries PART 15 Disorders Associated with Environmental Exposures 453 Altitude Illness 454 Hypothermia and Peripheral Cold Injuries 455 Heat-Related Illnesses PART 16 Genes, the Environment, and Disease 456 Principles of Human Genetics 457 The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine 458 Gene and Cell Based Therapy in Clinical Medicine 459 The Human Microbiome PART 17 Global Medicine 460 Global Issues in Medicine 461 Worldwide Changes in Patterns of Infectious Disease 462 Primary Care and Global Health PART 18 Aging 463 The Biology of Aging 464 Clinical Problems Associated with the Aging Process PART 19 Consultative Medicine 465 Approach to Medical Consultation 466 Medical Disorders During Pregnancy 467 Medical Evaluation of the Surgical Patient PART 20 Frontiers 468 Behavioral Economics and Health 469 Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Health Approaches 470 Telomere Disease 471 The Role of Epigenetics in Disease and Treatment 472 Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases 473 Applications of Stem Cell Biology in Clinical Medicine 474 Microbial Genomics and Infectious Disease 475 The Role of Circadian Biology in Health and Disease 476 Network Medicine: Systems Biology in Health and Disease 477 Emerging Neurotherapeutic Technologies Index