Hands-On Accelerator Physics Using MATLAB®

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1: Introduction and History
CHAPTER 2: Reference System
	2.1. THE REFERENCE TRAJECTORY
	2.2. COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS AND HAMILTONIANS
	2.3. PARTICLES AND THEIR DESCRIPTION
	2.4. PARTICLE ENSEMBLES, BUNCHES
CHAPTER 3: Transverse Beam Optics
	3.1. MAGNETS AND MATRICES
		3.1.1. Thin quadrupoles
		3.1.2. Thick quadrupoles
		3.1.3. Sector dipole
		3.1.4. Combined function dipole
		3.1.5. Rectangular dipole
		3.1.6. Coordinate rotation
		3.1.7. Solenoid
		3.1.8. Non-linear elements
	3.2. PROPAGATING PARTICLES AND BEAMS
	3.3. TWO-DIMENSIONAL
		3.3.1. Beam optics in MATLAB
		3.3.2. Poincare section and tune
		3.3.3. FODO cell and beta functions
		3.3.4. A complementary look at beta functions
		3.3.5. Beam size and emittance
	3.4. CHROMATICITY AND DISPERSION
		3.4.1. Chromaticity
		3.4.2. Dispersion
		3.4.3. Emittance generation
		3.4.4. Momentum compaction factor
	3.5. FOUR-DIMENSIONAL AND COUPLING
	3.6. MATCHING
		3.6.1. Matching the phase advance
		3.6.2. Match beta functions to a waist
		3.6.3. Point-to-point focusing
	3.7. BEAM-OPTICAL SYSTEMS
		3.7.1. Telescopes
		3.7.2. Triplets
		3.7.3. Doublets
		3.7.4. Achromats
		3.7.5. Multi-bend achromats
		3.7.6. TME cell
		3.7.7. Dispersion suppressor
		3.7.8. Interaction region
		3.7.9. Bunch compressors
		3.7.10. Fragment Separator
CHAPTER 4: Magnets
	4.1. MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
	4.2. 2D GEOMETRIES AND MULTIPOLES
	4.3. IRON-DOMINATED MAGNETS
		4.3.1. Simple analytical methods
		4.3.2. Using the MATLAB PDE toolbox
		4.3.3. Quadrupoles
		4.3.4. Technological aspects
	4.4. SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS
		4.4.1. Simple analytical methods
		4.4.2. PDE toolbox
	4.5. PERMANENT MAGNETS
		4.5.1. Multipoles
		4.5.2. Segmented multipoles
		4.5.3. Undulators and wigglers
	4.6. MAGNET MEASUREMENTS
		4.6.1. Hall probe
		4.6.2. Rotating coil
		4.6.3. Undulator measurements
CHAPTER 5: Longitudinal Dynamics and Acceleration
	5.1. PILL-BOX CAVITY
	5.2. TRANSIT TIME FACTOR
	5.3. PHASE STABILITY AND SYNCHROTRON OSCILLATIONS
	5.4. LARGE-AMPLITUDE OSCILLATIONS
	5.5. RF MATCHING
	5.6. RF GYMNASTICS
	5.7. ACCELERATION
	5.8. A SIMPLE WORKED EXAMPLE
CHAPTER 6: Radio-Frequency Systems
	6.1. POWER GENERATION AND CONTROL
	6.2. POWER TRANSPORT: WAVEGUIDES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
	6.3. COUPLERS AND ANTENNAS
	6.4. POWER TO THE BEAM: RESONATORS AND CAVITIES
		6.4.1. Losses and quality factor Q0 of a pill-box cavity
		6.4.2. General cavity geometry with the PDE toolbox
		6.4.3. Disk-loaded waveguides
	6.5. TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS
		6.5.1. Normal-conducting
		6.5.2. Superconducting
	6.6. INTERACTION WITH THE BEAM
		6.6.1. Beam loading
		6.6.2. Steady-state operation
		6.6.3. Pulsed operation and transient beam loading
		6.6.4. Low-level RF system
	6.7. TESTING OF SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITIES
		6.7.1. Low-power measurements
		6.7.2. High-power measurements
		6.7.3. System identification
CHAPTER 7: Instrumentation and Diagnostics
	7.1. ZEROTH MOMENT: CURRENT
	7.2. FIRST MOMENT: BEAM POSITION AND ARRIVAL TIME
	7.3. SECOND MOMENT: BEAM SIZE
	7.4. EMITTANCE AND BETA FUNCTIONS
	7.5. SPECIALTY DIAGNOSTICS
		7.5.1. Turn-by-turn position monitor data analysis
		7.5.2. Beam-beam diagnostics
		7.5.3. Schottky diagnostics
CHAPTER 8: Imperfections and Their Correction
	8.1. SOURCES OF IMPERFECTIONS
		8.1.1. Misalignment and feed-down
		8.1.2. Tilted components
		8.1.3. Rolled elements and solenoids
		8.1.4. Chromatic effects
		8.1.5. Consequences
	8.2. IMPERFECTIONS IN BEAMLINES
		8.2.1. Dipole kicks and orbit errors
		8.2.2. Quadrupolar errors and beam size
		8.2.3. Skew quadrupolar perturbations
		8.2.4. Filamentation
	8.3. IMPERFECTIONS IN A RING
		8.3.1. Misalignment and dipole kicks
		8.3.2. Gradient imperfections
		8.3.3. Skew-gradient imperfections
	8.4. CORRECTION IN BEAMLINES
		8.4.1. Trajectory knobs and bumps
		8.4.2. Orbit correction
		8.4.3. Beta matching
		8.4.4. Dispersion and chromaticity
	8.5. CORRECTION IN RINGS
		8.5.1. Orbit correction
		8.5.2. Dispersion-free steering
		8.5.3. Tune correction
		8.5.4. Chromaticity correction
		8.5.5. Coupling correction
		8.5.6. Orbit response-matrix based methods
		8.5.7. Feedback systems
CHAPTER 9: Targets and Luminosity
	9.1. EVENT RATE AND LUMINOSITY
	9.2. ENERGY LOSS AND STRAGGLING
	9.3. TRANSVERSE SCATTERING, EMITTANCE GROWTH, AND LIFETIME
	9.4. COLLIDING BEAMS
	9.5. BEAM-BEAM LUMINOSITY
	9.6. INCOHERENT BEAM-BEAM TUNE SHIFT
	9.7. COHERENT BEAM-BEAM INTERACTIONS
	9.8. LINEAR COLLIDERS
CHAPTER 10: Synchrotron Radiation and Free-Electron Lasers
	10.1. EFFECT ON THE BEAM
		10.1.1. Longitudinally
		10.1.2. Vertically
		10.1.3. Horizontally
		10.1.4. Quantum lifetime
	10.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EMITTED RADIATION
		10.2.1. Dipole magnets
		10.2.2. Undulators and wigglers
	10.3. SMALL-GAIN FREE-ELECTRON LASER
		10.3.1. Amplifier and oscillator
	10.4. SELF-AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION
	10.5. ACCELERATOR CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 11: Non-linear Dynamics
	11.1. ONE-DIMENSIONAL TOY MODEL
	11.2. TRACKING AND DYNAMIC APERTURE
	11.3. HAMILTONIANS AND LIE MAPS
		11.3.1. Moving Hamiltonians
		11.3.2. Concatenating Hamiltonians
	11.4. IMPLEMENTATION IN MATLAB
	11.5. TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL
	11.6. KNOBS AND RESONANCE-DRIVING TERMS
	11.7. NON-RESONANT NORMAL FORMS
CHAPTER 12: Collective Effects
	12.1. SPACE CHARGE
	12.2. INTRABEAM SCATTERING AND TOUSCHEK-EFFECT
	12.3. WAKE FIELDS, IMPEDANCES, AND LOSS FACTORS
	12.4. COASTING-BEAM INSTABILITY
	12.5. SINGLE-BUNCH INSTABILITIES
	12.6. MULTI-BUNCH INSTABILITIES
CHAPTER 13: Accelerator Subsystems
	13.1. CONTROL SYSTEM
		13.1.1. Sensors, actuators, and interfaces
		13.1.2. System architecture
		13.1.3. Timing system
		13.1.4. An example: EPICS
	13.2. PARTICLE SOURCES
		13.2.1. Electrons
		13.2.2. Protons and other ions
		13.2.3. Highly charged ions
		13.2.4. Negatively charged ions
		13.2.5. Radioactive ion beams
		13.2.6. Neutrino beams
		13.2.7. Radio-frequency quadrupole
	13.3. POLARIZED BEAMS
		13.3.1. Electrons
		13.3.2. Protons
		13.3.3. Transport of polarized beams
	13.4. INJECTION AND EXTRACTION
	13.5. BEAM COOLING
	13.6. VACUUM
		13.6.1. Vacuum basics
		13.6.2. Pumps and gauges
		13.6.3. Vacuum calculations
	13.7. CRYOGENICS
	13.8. RADIATION PROTECTION AND SAFETY
		13.8.1. Units
		13.8.2. Range of radiation in matter
		13.8.3. Dose measurements
		13.8.4. Personnel and machine protection
	13.9. CONVENTIONAL FACILITIES
		13.9.1. Electricity
		13.9.2. Water and cooling
		13.9.3. Buildings and shielding
CHAPTER 14: Examples of Accelerators
	14.1. CERN AND THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER
	14.2. EUROPEAN SPALLATION SOURCE
	14.3. SLAC AND THE LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE
	14.4. CONTINUOUS ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR FACILITY
	14.5. MAX-IV
	14.6. TANDEM ACCELERATOR IN UPPSALA
	14.7. ACCELERATORS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
	14.8. INDUSTRIAL ACCELERATORS
CHAPTER 15: Future Accelerators
	15.1. LINEAR COLLIDERS
	15.2. FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDER
	15.3. MUON COLLIDER
	15.4. PLASMA ACCELERATORS
APPENDIX A: Student Labs
	A.1. BEAM PROFILE OF LASER POINTER
	A.2. EMITTANCE MEASUREMENT WITH A LASER POINTER
	A.3. HALBACH MULTIPOLES AND UNDULATORS
	A.4. MAGNET MEASUREMENTS
	A.5. COOKIE-JAR CAVITY ON A NETWORK ANALYZER
APPENDIX B: Appendices Available Online
	B.1. LINEAR ALGEBRA
	B.2. MATLAB PRIMER
	B.3. OPENSCAD PRIMER
	B.4. LIGHT OPTICS, RAYS, AND GAUSSIAN
	B.5. MATLAB FUNCTIONS
	B.6. UNIFIED WORKFLOW FOR MAGNETOSTATICS
Bibliography
Index