Handbook of Youth Development: Policies and Perspectives from India and Beyond

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
About This Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I Positive Youth Development
1 Positive Youth Development Through Holistic Approach
	Introduction
	Physical Development
	Psychological Development
	Social Development
	Academic and Career Development
	Moral Development and Character Building
	Digital Literacy Among Children and Youth
	Leadership Development
	Child Protection for Faster Economic Growth and Healthy Society
	Positive Youth Development
	Factors Influencing Healthy Child and Youth Development
	Role of Socialization Process During Childhood
	Role of School in Child Growth and Development
	Role of Peers and Other Social Agents in the Socialization Process of Children and Youth
	Role of Social Media, Mobile, and Internet in the Life of Children and Youth
	The Influence of the Virtual World on Children and Youth
	Policies and Programs for Youth Development: International and National Scenario
	Youth Development: International Scenario
	The Government of India Initiatives for Youth Development
	National Youth Policy 2014 (NYP 2014), Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Government of India
	National Youth Policy 2021 (NYP 2021, Draft), Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Government of India
	The National Education Policy 2020, Ministry of Education, the Government of India
	The Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS), Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Government of India
	National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD & PR), Ministry of Rural Development, the Government of India
	Schemes and Programs of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Government of India for Youth
	Some of the Skill Development Programs for Youth Under Different Ministries of the Government of India
	Conclusion and Way Forward
	References
2 The Promotion of Youth Development in Higher Education Through School-Based Family Counseling
	Introduction: The Strengths of School-Based Family Counseling
	The Need for SBFC in Higher Education
		Research on How Family Problems Affect Youth Academic Behavior
		Research on How Higher Education Problems Affect Youth Academic Behavior
		Research on How Family Support Facilitates Youth Academic Behavior
		Research on How Higher Education Support Facilitates Youth Academic Behavior
	Summary
	How SBFC Can Be Applied in Higher Education
		A Pilot Project in SBFC-3
		The Developmental Challenge
		Case Example
		Course of Treatment (13 Sessions)
	Challenges and Solutions
		Challenge: An Absence of Mental Health Professionals in the Tertiary Institution
		Challenge: Higher Education Mental Health Professionals May Lack Training in Family Therapy
		Challenge: Mental Health “Turf’ Issues
		Challenge: The Parents/Guardians Are not Available for Family Counseling
		Challenge: The Higher Education Mental Health Professional Has an Individualistic Approach to Youth Development
		Challenge: The Higher Education Institution Cannot Afford a Mental Health Student Services Program
	Conclusion
	References
3 Literature as a Moral Tool for Youth: A Select Study of Canonical Texts
	Introduction
	Literature, Morality and Youth
	Selected British Fiction Through the Lens of Morality
	Depiction of Human Values and Ethics in Select American Fiction
	Morality and Crime in Dostoevsky’s Novel
	Role of Literature in Inculcating Human Values
	Conclusion
	References
4 Developing Bhutan: Nurturing Youth
	Introduction
	Investing in Children and Youth
	Reconnection with Basic Goodness
	Empower Youth to Be Leader
	Appreciate Independence and Understand Interdependence
	“Reap What You Sow—Karma” and Impermanence
	Strengthen Mindfulness and Lessen Mental Health
	Prevent Adverse and Promote Positive Childhood Experiences
	Human Values Education and Human (Youth) Outcomes
	Develop Sacred or Positive Outlook
	Conclusion
	References
5 Youth Development: International Perspectives
	Introduction
	Background to Youth Work in the UK
	Possible Ramifications Beyond England
	Contemporary Situation of Youth Work in England
	Consequences of an Impact Obsessed Agenda
	Defining Youth Work
	Introducing Global Youth Work (GYW)
	The Relevance of Global Youth Work to International Partnerships
	Conclusion
	References
6 Sport in Physical Education for Bullying, Harassment and Violence Prevention
	Sport for Youth Development
	Sport for Development in Physical Education
	Life Skills Development in Physical Education
	Sport for Development and Peace
	Conclusion
	References
7 Involvement in Sports and Exercise Behavior: Developing a New Culture for Youth
	Introduction
	Characteristic of Youth Today
	Inactive Youth
	Health Behaviors and Sports Culture in the Youth
	Recommendations to Develop Culture of Sports and Exercise Behaviour
	Conclusion
	References
8 Wrestling Out Youth Development Through Indigenous Sports and Games: An Account of Naga Wrestling
	Introduction
	History of Naga Wrestling
	Institutionalization of Naga Wrestling
	Extending Training and Support Services
	Policy Perspectives: Traditional Sports and Games (TSG) for Youth Development
	Sports-Integrated Education for Holistic Development
	Investing in Traditional Sports and Games (TSG) for Sustainable Development
	Conclusion and Way Forward
	Strategies for Way Forward
	References
9 India’s Demographic Dividend and Policy Implications
	Introduction
	Demographic Transition
	India’s Demographic Transition
	Age Structure Transition
	Demographic Dividend
	Different States Are at Different Stages
	Capturing the Dividend
	Conclusion and Way Forward
	References
10 Positive People and Confident Competitors: Resilient Youth Development Through Sport and Physical Activity
	Introduction
	Positive Youth Development Through Sport and Physical Activity
	PYD, Sport and Physical Activity Through Developmental Periods
	Psychosocial Development and Sport
	Resilience and PYD: Existing Evidence and Applied Applications
	What is Resilience?
	Resilience in Sport and Physical Activity
	Resilience and PYD
	Positive People and Confident Competitors: Resilience and Positive Development in Action
	Case Alternate A: No PYD Through Sport Principles
	Case Alternate B: Applying PYD Though Sport Principles in SG’s Practice
	Recommendations for Applied Psychology Implementation
	Conclusion
	References
Part II Youth, Education and Career
11 A Review on the Impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Youth
	Introduction
	Present Trends of AI
		Role of AI in Cloud Computing
		Role of AI in Edge Computing
		AI in Healthcare
		Impact of Quantum Machine Learning
		Robotics
		The Role of AI in Drone Technology
		Automation (RPA)
		RPA Versus Traditional Automation
		Intelligent Process Automation
		The Emergence of Super Chatbot
		AI in Education
		AI in Agriculture
		AI in Transportation
		AI in Digital Marketing and E-Commerce
		AI in Employment
		AI in Gaming Industry
		ChatGPT
	Conclusion
	References
12 Youth as Teaching Professionals
	Introduction
	Evolving Roles of a Teacher
	Theories of Learning and Pedagogy
	Reflective Practice
	Inclusive Classrooms
	Teaching for Social Justice
	Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
	Professionalism and Ethics in Teaching
	How Can the Teaching Profession Be Made Attractive for the Youth?
	Promotion of Subject-Specific Literacy in Building Economy
	Recommendations
	Conclusion
	References
13 Current Trends in Career Decision in Youth: Opportunities and Challenges
	Introduction
	Understanding Career
	Paradigm Shift
	Current Trends in Career Decision Making
		Career Decision Makers
		Career Conflict
		Career Choice Anxiety and Indecision
		Career Exploration
		Cognitive Trends in Decision Making
		Emotion and Personality in Career Decision Making
		Decision Making Style
		Career Decision Making Self Efficacy
		Career and Technology
		Changes in Education
		Ambiguity Tolerance
		Socio-cultural Factors
		Career Counselling
	Conclusion
	References
14 Efficacy of Online Training on Internet of Things (IoT) and Automation Through Industry and Institute Partnership During COVID-19 Lockdown
	Introduction
	Methods
	Results
		Qualitative Analysis of Data
	Discussion
	Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
15 Youth and Media Literacy in the Age of Social Media
	Introduction
	Impact of Social Media on Youth
	Media Literacy and Youth
		What is Media Literacy
		Importance of Media Literacy for the Youth
		Examples of Media Literacy Programs
	Interventions Offered by a Network of Organizations
	Interventions Offered by the Government
	Interventions by Targeted Organizations
	The Way Forward
	Conclusion
	References
16 Online Professional and Job Oriented Courses for Youth in India with IT Background During COVID-19 Lockdown: Examining Its Effectiveness
	Introduction
	Online Learning an Alternative Method During COVID-19 Pandemic
	Conduct of Online Courses by RGNIYD
	Methods
	Results
	Discussion
	Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Part III Youth, Adversities and Challenges
17 Migration and Diaspora from a Young Adult Perspective: Reading Senzai’s Shooting Kabul and Hidier’s Born Confused
	Introduction
		Defining the Genre
	A Brief History
	Displacement, Migration and Diaspora
	Young Adults and Displacement
	Textual Analysis
		The Authors
		Shooting Kabul
		Born Confused
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
18 Decolonizing Youth Development on Turtle Island (Canada): Research, Scholarship and Practice
	An Ode To Turtle Island (Canada)
	Introduction
		Personal Historical Context
	Colonialism and Youth Development
	Hope
	When Two Worlds Collide
	Background
		The Grove Hubs: An Integrated Youth Service Approach
	Community-University Partnerships
	Our Youth Support Program and Pedagogy of the Oppressed
	Findings
		Interlude: An Arts-Based Approach
	Interlude: Impact on and Representation in Youth Development
	Recommendations: Collaborative Provocations and Calls to Action
	Conclusion
	Epilogue: A Closing Dialogue
	References
19 Suicide and Youth: Positive Psychology Perspective
	Introduction
	Incidence of Suicide: International and National Scenario
	Suicidal Ideation
	Suicide Attempt
	Stigma and Myths About Suicide Among the Youth
	Understanding Suicide from a Neuropsychological and Social Perspective
	The Cry of Pain and Lack of Social Support
	Cognitive Deconstruction Affecting Planning
	Response Inhibition and Impulsivity Leading to a Suicide Attempt
	Suicide Planning Versus Action
	Lack of Social Support, Depression and Hopelessness
	Internalized and Self-directed Anger
	Empowering Youth for Suicide Prevention
	Conclusion
	References
20 COVID-19, Civil Society, and Youth Activism in India
	Introduction
	Role of the Civil Society in the Containment of COVID-19
	The Impact of COVID-19 on the Youth: Global Perspective
	Conclusion and Way Forward
	References
21 Youth Transition in the Digital Age: Balancing Digital Competency Demands and Preparing for the Future
	Introduction
	Changing Framework of Employability Skills in 2022
	Skills to Fit in the VUCA World
	Skills Mandate in the Digital Age
	The Digital Skills Paradox
	Positive Youth Development
	Personal Development Planning
	Conclusion and Way Forward
	References
22 Leaving No One Behind: Youth and Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development
	Introduction
	What is SDGs 2030 Agenda?
	Defining “Leave No One Behind”
	Youth Population and Sustainable Development in India
	Education, SDG 4, and Youth
	Gender Equality and SDGs: Leave No Woman and Girl Behind
	Decent Work, SDG 8, and Youth
	Conclusion
	References
23 Marginalized Youths and Inequalities: The Global Scenario and Way Forward
	Introduction
	Youths the Global Population
	Issues Among Youths
	The Dimensions of Marginalization
	Youth Empowerment and Well-Being
	Youths for Sustainable Development
	Way Forward to End the Marginalization of Youths
	Conclusion
	References
24 Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Unmarried Youth in India: Evidences from National Family Health Survey, 2019–21
	Introduction
	Measures/Description of Variables
	Methods
		Chi-Square Test (χc2)
		Test for Multicollinearity: Pearson’s R Correlation Coefficient Test
		Logistic Regression
	Results
	Discussion
	Conclusion
		Recommendations
		Limitations of the Study
	References
Part IV Role of Youth and Youth Development Index
25 Youth Participation in Community Development: Issues and Implications
	Introduction
	Youth as a Heterogeneous Community: Characteristics and Trends
	Community Development in India: An Overview
	Youth in India: Role and Function as an Established Unit
	Youth and SDGs: Agenda 2030
	Youth as Agents for Change in the Community
	Theoretical Framework for Youth Participation in Community Development
	Promoting Youth Participation in Community Development Using Strength-Based Approach
	Conclusion
	References
26 Youth Leadership and Participation in Political Processes
	Introduction
	Youth and Politics: Different Forms
	Youth as Influencers
	Youth in Civic Engagement
	Youth as Voters
	Youth in Student Politics
	Youth in Mainstream Politics as Political Cadres
	Youth in Mainstream Politics as Electoral Candidates and Policymakers
	Challenges of Youth and Political Participation in Modern Times
	Rise of Postmaterialist Values
	Lack of Institutional Trust
	The Democratic Divide
	Institutional Barriers for Entry of Youth into Policymaking
	Lack of Financing
	Lack of Stability
	Biases Against the Youth
	India and Youth in Politics: A Case Study of the Largest Democracy of the World
	Voice of the Youth in Policy Making
	Policies Encouraging the Voice of the Youth
	Social Media and Youth Politics
	Policy Recommendations
	Youth Representation in Policy Making
	Role of Political Parties
	Youth and the Political Voice
	Youth and Social Media
	Involvement of Youth in Policy Advisory
	Political Education
	Conclusion and Way Forward
	References
27 The Critical Value of Global, Regional, National, and Subnational Youth Development Indices in Developing Inclusive and Evidence-Based Youth Policy and Programs
	Introduction
	Recommended Approach for Developing Effective YDIs
	Key Advantages of Harmonised Global, Regional, National, and Sub-national YDIs
	Youth Consultation Findings
	Ongoing Development of YDIs
	What the YDI is not
	Conclusion
	References
Part V Youth and Mental Health
28 Conditions for Young People’s Mental Health: COVID-19, Tiktok, and Relational Space
	Introduction
	Young People, Mental Health, and The Concept of Relational Space
	COVID-19 and Young People’s Mental Health
	Social Media and the Phenomenon that is TikTok
	Young People, TikTok, and COVID
	Social Media, COVID, and Parenting
	References
29 Mitigating Mental Health Burden of Youth During COVID-19 Through Resilience and Hope: Evidences from India and Germany
	Introduction
	Method
		Participants
		Measures
		Ethics
	Results
	Discussion
	Limitations of the Study
	Conclusion
	References
30 Doctoral Research by Youth: Analyzing the Role of Socio-Demographic Variables on Flourishing and Grit
	Introduction
		The Present Study and Hypotheses
	Methodology
		Participants
		Instruments
		Procedure
		Data Analysis
	Results
	Discussion
	Conclusion
		Limitations and Future Study Directions
	References