Handbook of the History of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy: Volume 2: From Kant to Nietzsche

Preface
Contents
Austin, John
	Introduction
	Overview
		Austin´s View
		Criticisms
	Conclusion
	References
Beccaria, Cesare
	Introduction
	Utilitarianism
	Humanitarianism
	References
Bentham, Jeremy
	Introduction
	Utility
	Methodology
	Law as Social Control
	Legacy
	References
Blackstone, William
	Introduction
		Blackstone´s Commentaries on the Laws of England
	Blackstone on Rights
	Blackstone on Legality and Sovereignty
	Blackstone on Judicial Reasoning
	Blackstone´s Influence
	Conclusion
	References
Bonald, Luis de
	Introduction
		Constitution and Natural Law
		Power and Legitimacy
		Order and Liberty
	Conclusion
	Works Cited
	References
Burke, Edmund
	Introduction
	Spokesman for Rockingham Whigs
	``Crusader´´ for Liberty and Justice
	Burke´s Theory of Law
	References
Comte, Auguste
	Introduction
	Early Life
	Major Works
	Search for Support
	Positivism
	Law of Three Stages and the Classification of the Sciences
	Legacy
	References
Condorcet, Nicolas de
	Introduction
	Democratic Citizenship: Equality and Difference
	Conclusions: From the Emancipation of the People to that of the Human Race
	References
Constant, Benjamin
	Biography
	Sovereignty and Individual Rights
	Commerce, Modern Liberty, and the March of History
	Neutral Power and Freedom of the Press
	Moral Regeneration and Religion
	References
		Cited Works by Constant
		Secondary Sources
De Maistre, Joseph
	Discussion
	References
Dicey, Alfred Venn
	Introduction
	Constitutional Theory
	Rule of Law
	Sovereignty of Parliament
	Conclusion: from Dicey to the European Court of Human Rights
	References
Diderot, Denis
	Introduction
	Natural, Statutory, and Divine Law
	Political Authority and Social Order
	Conclusion
	References
Donoso-Cortés, Juan Francisco Manuel María de la Salud
	Introduction
	From Liberalism to Catholic Reaction
	Carl Schmitt, Reader of Donoso
	Cross References
	References
Engels, Friedrich
	Introduction
	Engels´ Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy
	The Historical-Theoretical Work of Engels After Marx´s Death
	Recent Studies on the Work of Friedrich Engels
	References
Ferguson, Adam
	Introduction
	The First Sociologist?
	Two Kinds of Providence
	An Early Spontaneous Order Model
	A New Historiography
	The Heterogeneity of Ends
	The Challenge to Contractarianism
	Conclusion
	References
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
	Introduction
	A Deduction of Law from the Conditions of Consciousness
		The Deduction of the Concept of Law
		Applying the Concept of Law
	References
Green, Thomas Hill
	Introduction
	Common-Good Society
	Positive Freedom
	An Enabling State
	Rights That Bind
	Citizenship
	Green´s Influences
	Conclusion: Legacy
	References
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
	Introduction
	Hegel´s Philosophical Project and the Science of Logic
	Starting with the Phenomenology of Spirit
	Hegel´s Concept of Spirit
	Law, Politics, Society, and State
	Predecessors, Successors and Opponents
	References
Helvétius, Claude-Adrien
	Introduction
	Natural Law
	Esteem, Pleasure, and Power
	Esteem and Distributive Justice
	References
Holmes, Oliver Wendell jr.
	Introduction
	From Historicism to Positivism
	Free Speech
	A Genuine Liberal or Not?
	References
Hugo, Gustav
	Introduction
	Hugo´s Work Plan
	Legal Philosophy
	Legal History
	Legal Education
	Conclusion
	References
Humboldt, Wilhelm von
	Introduction
	On the Wealth of Individual Character
	The Defense of a Minimal State and the Synergy Between Individuals and Community
	From Theory to Political Practice
	Plans for Reform: From the Guarantee of Basic Rights to the Promotion of Individual Cultivation
	Conclusion
	References
Jefferson, Thomas
	Introduction
	Early Life
	Political Life: Jeffersonian Equality, Democracy, and Constitutionalism
	The Problem of Slavery and the Concepts of Natural Rights and Federalism
	Intellectual Life and Commitment to Freedom of Conscience
	Later Life and the University of Virginia
	References
Jhering, Rudolf von
	The Historical School of Law and the Volksgeist
	The System of Freedom and the System of Coercion
	The Organic System and the Aesthetic Overstatement
	The Substantial Moment of Law
	Conclusion
	References
Kant, Immanuel
	Introduction
	What Is Right?
	The Relationship of Right and Kant´s Overall Moral Philosophy
	The Systematic Unfolding of Kant´s Legal and Political Philosophy
	Innate Rights
	Acquired Rights
	Public Right
	Genealogy and Influence of Kant´s Legal Thinking
	Conclusion
	References
Maine, Henry Sumner
	References
Marx, Karl
	Introduction
	Marx and Law
	Marx and Philosophy
	Marx´s Legacy
	Conclusion
	References
Mazzini, Giuseppe
	Life and Action
	Republicanism and Patriotism
	The Critique of Individualism and Rights: Toward a Theory of Association and Duties
	Education and the Basis for a New Order
	References
Mill, John Stuart
	Introduction
	His Legal Philosophy: The Dialogue with John Austin About the Concept of Legal and Moral Rights
	The Foundation of Justice and Rights in the Principle of Utility: Rights and Basic Needs
		Why Are These Interests So Essential That They Require Rights Protection?
		The Conflict of Rights and the Principle of Utility
		How Should the Reference to the Principle of Utility be Understood?
	References
		Primary Sources
		Secondary Sources
Mohl, Robert von
	References
		Bibliography
Nietzsche, Friedrich
	Introduction
	Nietzsche´s ``Method´´
	Elements of Nietzsche´s Philosophy
		Destroying the Myths of Eternal Truth and Values
		Nietzsche on the State, Law, and Justice
		Nietzsche the ``Good European´´
	Nietzsche´s Influence
	Conclusion
	References
		Editions of Nietzsche´s Works
		English Translations
		Works on Nietzsche
Gouges, Olympe de
	The Character
	de Gouges and the Enlightenment
	Revolution, Republicanism, and Anti-Jacobinism
	The Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne
	Conclusions
	References
Paine, Thomas
	Introduction
	Rights
	Constitutions
	Many Relationships and Different Legacies
	Further Reading
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
	A Militant Life
	An Ontology of Freedom
	Law as Mutual Recognition and Arbitration
	The Birth of Political Anarchism
	References
Puchta, Georg Friedrich
	Introduction
	Life and Work
		Life
	Work
		Legal Doctrine
			The Doctrine of the Formation of Law
			The Doctrine of the Contents of Law
			The Doctrine of the Application of Law
		The Legacy of Puchta´s Works from Today´s Perspective
	References
Savigny, Friedrich Carl von
	Savigny´s Life and Work
	Savigny´s Critique of Law as a Critique of Codification
	Opposition to the Voluntarist Nature of the Rationalist Approach to the Law of Reason
	Savigny Versus Kant
	Savigny´s Hermeneutics
	Savigny as a Pioneer in Political Pluralism
	Summary and Outlook
	References
		Further Reading
Sieyès, Emmanuel-Joseph
	Introduction
	Privileges
	Active and Passive Citizens
	Sovereignty and the Constitution
	Conclusion
	References
Smith, Adam
	Introduction
	The Theory of Moral Sentiments
	The Wealth of Nations
	Conclusion
	References
		Works by Smith
		Secondary Literature
Spencer, Herbert
	Introduction
	Towards Spencer´s Idea of Evolution
	Studying Society: Cooperation and Social Life
	Justice, Beneficence and Agile Adaptation
	References
Stahl, Friedrich Julius
	Biographical Elements
	Philosophical and Political Position
	Historicity
	Personality
	The State
	Rule of Law (State of Law, Rechtsstaat)
	The Monarchical Principle
	The Revolution
	State and Church
	Judgment of Posterity on Stahl´s Works
	References
Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus
	His Training: The Law Between History and Philosophy
	Thibaut and the Codification in Germany
	Conclusion
	References
Tocqueville, Alexis de
	Introduction
	The Equality of Conditions
	Popular Sovereignty and Majority Tyranny
	Communal Freedom and the Power of Association
	The Value of Lawyers and Juries
	The Problem of Individualism
	Centralization, Homogenization, and Democratic Despotism
	Conclusion
	References
		Primary Sources
		Secondary Sources
Wollstonecraft, Mary
	Introduction
	Intellectual Life
	Legacy
	Political Thought
		Liberal or Republican?
		Equality Between Women and Men
		Political Justice and Political Change
	Conclusion
	Works by Mary Wollstonecraft
	References