Handbook of Sustainability Science in the Future: Policies, Technologies and Education by 2050

Preface
Note
Contents
About the Editor-in-Chief
Editors
Associate Editors
Contributors
Part I: Sustainability and Institutions
	1 Sustainability Science for the Future
		1 Introduction: Advantages to Pursue Sustainable Development at Institutions
		2 Challenges to Pursue Sustainable Development
		3 Some Future Trends on Sustainable Development
			3.1 Category 1 Trends Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic
			3.2 Category 2 Technological Trends
			3.3 Category 3 Societal Changes and New Behaviours
		4 Conclusions
		References
	2 International Cooperation
		1 Introduction
		2 Research Method
		3 Definition of International Cooperation
		4 International Cooperation for Public Goods Provision
		5 International Cooperation and Global Governance
		6 International Cooperation for Sustainable Development
		7 International Cooperation and ODA
		8 Some Global Debates on ODA
		9 Some Benefits ODA
		10 Economic Growth an Alternative to ODA
		11 Conclusion
		References
	3 Labour Market Sustainability: Technological Change and Decent Work
		1 Introduction
			1.1 The General Framework
		2 Technology, Economic Sustainable Growth and Labour Market
		3 Technologic Advancement and Decent Work
			3.1 Innovation and Productivity
			3.2 Working from Home
			3.3 Multi-sided Platforms Companies
		4 The New Scenario: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability
			4.1 Levels of Affectation by Technology
			4.2 The Importance of Population Awareness About Long Term Policies for Sustainability
		5 Conclusions
		References
	4 Equitable Distribution of Sustainable Energy in Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 Energy Landscape in SIDS
			2.2 Mapping of Energy Distribution in SIDS
		3 Methodology
		4 Results
			4.1 Institutional Capacity
			4.2 Technological Appropriateness
			4.3 Financial
			4.4 Technological and Technical Expertise
			4.5 Development Assistance
			4.6 Complex Investment Landscape
			4.7 Social
		5 Discussion and Recommendations
			5.1 Institutional Framework
			5.2 Financing Mechanisms
			5.3 Technology Suitability
			5.4 Community Development
			5.5 Monitoring and Evaluation
		6 Conclusion
		References
	5 Future Food Production and Food Security Policy in Malaysia
		1 Introduction
		2 Food Security: Concepts and Definitions
		3 Food Security Policy in Malaysia
		4 Food Production and Food Security
		5 Food Security and Challenges to Malaysia
		6 Conclusion
		References
	6 Towards Ensuring Food Security and Sustaining Farmers´ Livelihoods
		1 Introduction
		2 Paddy and Rice Policies to Ensure Food Security
			2.1 Self-Sufficiency Level
			2.2 Pricing Mechanism
			2.3 Stockpile
			2.4 Entry Point Projects
		3 Paddy and Rice Policies in Improving the Livelihood of Farmers
			3.1 Setting up Various Government Agencies
			3.2 Setting a Guaranteed Minimum Price
			3.3 Providing Various Incentives and Subsidies
		4 The Intervention Policy and Its Dilemmas
		5 Conclusion
		References
	7 Sustainability of the Palm Oil Industry in Ensuring Food Safety
		1 Introduction
		2 Bio-economy in Malaysia
		3 Research Related to Palm Oil Chain and Sustainability Issues
		4 Smallholders and Sustainability Agriculture Farming
		5 Methodology
		6 Why the Sustainability of Palm Oil Industry Is Crucial and How It Is Related to the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda and...
		7 SDGs Related to Palm Oil Industry and Ensuring Food Safety
		8 How Malaysian Palm Oil Industry Related to Bio-economy?
			8.1 National Biodiesel Policy and Food Versus Fuel
		9 Findings
			9.1 Actors Along the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry, Chain Governance, and Potential System for Chain Upgrading
		10 International Initiative: Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
		11 National Initiative: Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO)
		12 The Existing System in Malaysian Palm Oil Industry
		13 Why MSPO Is More Feasible by Designed for Smallholders Than RSPO?
		14 Policy Apathy in the Implementation of Bio-economy Policy
		15 Conclusion
		References
	8 Melting Pot: The New Sustainability in a World of Emerging Pandemics
		1 Introduction
		2 Conceptual Framework
			2.1 Sustainability: More than an Environmental Question
			2.2 Pandemic and the New Normal
			2.3 The Future
		3 Methodology
		4 Results
			4.1 Interviews: Sample Characterization
			4.2 Views of the Interviewees
				4.2.1 Labor Market
				4.2.2 The Future in 2050
				4.2.3 Sustainability
				4.2.4 Challenges Towards 2050
				4.2.5 Lessons from Pandemic: A Change in World Vision
		5 Discussion
		6 Final Considerations
		References
	9 Tackling the Climate Emergency with Urban Sustainability Approaches
		1 Introduction
		2 Method and Approach for Determining Pathways for Urban Areas
		3 Pathways for Urban Areas in Developed Countries and Eurasia
		4 Pathways for Urban Areas in Asia and Developing Pacific
		5 Pathways for Urban Areas in Latin America and the Caribbean
		6 Pathways for Urban Areas in Africa and the Middle East
		7 Climate Action Based on Sustainable Urbanization Pathways
		8 Conclusions for the Realization of Sustainable Urbanization Pathways
		9.8 Appendices on Urban Mitigation Actions and SDEWES Index Indicators
		References
	10 Implementing Sustainability Strategies, Programs, and Practices for the Communities in Higher Education Institutions
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
		3 Implementation of Sustainability
			3.1 Case Study: Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
			3.2 Result and Discussion
				3.2.1 Sustainability Assessment Methodology (SAM)
				3.2.2 PIMPIN Siswa
					Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
					World Café
					Creativity Index (CI)
				3.2.3 Risk Reduction and Knowledge Transfer Projects
					The Knowledge and Knowledge Gap
					The Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development (DRM-SD) Model
					Knowledge Transfer
				3.2.4 Pedagogical Innovations for Sustainability Integration into Curriculum
					Online Collaboration in Sustainability Programs Among Students
					RCE Penang Webinar Series: Introducing ESD in Schools - Inspiring Teaching and Learning Strategies, Projects, and Stories
				3.2.5 Role of Policy to Set Direction and Affirm Action
		4 Conclusions
		References
	11 Sustainability in Australian Universities: The Road to 2050
		1 Introduction
		2 Universities in Australia
		3 Higher Education and Sustainability
		4 Sustainability in Australian Universities
		5 The Built Environment in Australia
		6 Built Environment Education
		7 Discussion
		8 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	12 Sustainability Futures
		1 Introduction
		2 Harmony with Nature
			2.1 Nature
			2.2 Nature and Ancient Humans
		3 Nature and Capitalism
			3.1 Capitalism and Otherness
			3.2 Consumerism
		4 Robbery of Nature
			4.1 Re-engineering of Earth
			4.2 Todays Earth
			4.3 Capitalism and Natures Agency
		5 Sustainability Futures: Rebuilding Relation with Nature
		6 Final Remarks
		References
	13 Circular Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 Just Transitions
			2.1 Birth of the Concept
			2.2 Conflicting Visions
			2.3 Just Transition Policies
		3 Just Transitions in the Context of Circular Textile Economy
			3.1 Reshoring and Livelihoods
			3.2 Vulnerable Regions
			3.3 Quality of Work
			3.4 Circular Business Practices and Wealth Distribution
			3.5 Power Imbalances
			3.6 Gender
			3.7 Textile Waste Trade
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusion
		References
	14 Digital Transformation in Microfinance as a Driver for Sustainable Development
		1 Introduction
		2 Micro-credit Delivery Mechanisms and Issues
		3 Conceptualizing the Digitalization of Microfinance
			3.1 Components of Microfinance Digitalization
			3.2 Concept of Blockchain and its Components
			3.3 Benefits of Digitalization
			3.4 Challenges and Risks Related to Digitalization
		4 Some Examples of Digital Innovations in Microfinance
			4.1 Case-1: Performance Improvement of MFIs by Using Digital Service in Kenya
			4.2 Case-2: Agency Banking Model in Senegal and Mozambique
			4.3 Case-3: Digital Credit Facility through MFI & FinTech Partnership in Senegal
		5 Key Learnings, Strategies, and Mechanisms
		6 Integrated Framework for Sustainable Digital Transformation
			6.1 Assurance in Operation
			6.2 Audit-Friendly Framework
			6.3 Resource Effectiveness
			6.4 Digital Agreement
		7 Conclusion
		References
	15 Education Research Facing a Future Marked by Climate Emergency: Analysis of Recent Scientific Production
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Results
			3.1 Evolution of Climate Change Research in the Educational Field
			3.2 The Geographical Context of Scientific Production
			3.3 Collaboration Network
			3.4 Main References
			3.5 The Main Climate Change Education Themes
		4 Discussion
		5 Implications for Climate Change Education Research
		6 Conclusions
		References
	16 Commitment of Brazilian Public Universities to the Sustainable Development Goals
		1 Introduction
		2 Strategic Commitment for Sustainable Development in HEIs
		3 Sustainability Assessment in HEIs
		4 Brazilian HEIs and the SDGs
		5 Conclusions
		References
	17 Organic Waste Management in Educational Institutions: A Systematic Review
		1 Glossary
		2 Introduction
			2.1 Background
			2.2 Problematization
			2.3 Aim and Objectives
			2.4 Scope of the Study
			2.5 Significance and Novel Aspects
		3 Methodological Approach
		4 Results and Discussion
		5 Sustainability Indicators Related to Organic Waste for Educational Institutions
			5.1 Disposal of Waste for Composting
			5.2 Existence of Programs for Preventing Food Waste in Cafeterias
			5.3 Existence of Energy Recovery of Organic Waste (Biogas)
			5.4 Reduction in the Volume of Organic Waste Destined for Landfill
			5.5 Training of Employees Who Provide Service in the Restaurant in Relation to Selective Collection
			5.6 Proper Disposal of Organic Waste
			5.7 Selective Collection of Organic Waste
			5.8 Existence of Practices of Waste Minimization and Diversion
			5.9 Sustainability Measurement Method
		6 Conclusion
		References
	18 Using a Problem-Based Learning Approach to Develop Sustainability Competencies in Higher Education Students
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Framework
			2.1 Sustainability Competencies in Higher Education
			2.2 Assessment of Sustainability Competencies in Higher Education
			2.3 Real-Life Problems and Education for Sustainable Development
		3 Research Methodology
			3.1 Research Design
			3.2 Participants and Context
			3.3 Design of the Problem-Based Learning Approach
			3.4 Data Collection
			3.5 Data Analysis
		4 Findings
			4.1 Beginner Level
			4.2 Advanced Level
			4.3 Expert Level
		5 Discussion
		6 Limitations
		7 Conclusion
		References
	19 Exploring Sustainability Science, the Agenda 2030, and the UN SDGs from the Social Sustainability Handprint Perspective
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials and Methods
		3 Results
			3.1 Sustainability Science
			3.2 The UN SDGs and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusions
		References
	20 Interdisciplinary Education Against Eco-anxiety: Learning How to Know About Bodying, Fascias, and Ecological Embeddedness
		1 Introduction: Linking Eco-anxiety, Interdisciplinarity, and the Human Body
		2 Embedding Human Bodies in Sustainable, Generative Ecologies
			2.1 What is Eco-anxiety?
			2.2 Defining the Body
			2.3 The Fascia Tissue-System as ``Both/And´´: Tissue and System, Fibre, and Fluid
			2.4 Fascia: Academic Research Investigation and Transformative Learning Vocabularies
		3 The Future of Transformative Learning and Eco-sensitivity
		4 Toward an Embedded Interdependence of People and Planet
		References
	21 Challenging Transformation for Universities
		1 Introduction
		2 Transformational Context
		3 Change Within the HEI
			3.1 Governance
			3.2 Research and Teaching
			3.3 Operations
		4 Stimulating Behavior Change Among HEI Members
		5 Bringing About Change in Other Systems and Organizations
		6 Conclusion: Lessons Learned
		References
	22 The Key Role of Alliances and Multi-stakeholder Collaboration for Climate Action Implementation Within Higher Education Ins...
		1 Climate Change and the Role of Multi-stakeholder Collaboration
		2 Alliances for Climate Action at the University Level
			2.1 International Networks and Initiatives
			2.2 The Red Campus Sustentable
		3 Methodology
		4 Results
			4.1 The Carbon Neutrality Working Group Pathway
			4.2 Perspectives on the RCS Critical Issues
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusions
		References
	23 Practical Aspects of Sustainability and Its Relationship with the Valorization of Coffee Grounds Generated in a Brazilian E...
		1 Introduction
		2 An Opportunity Amid the Problem of Organic Waste
		3 Method Description
			3.1 Selection of Sectors and Definition of Collection Routes
			3.2 Mass Reduction of Treatments
			3.3 Yield of the Compounds Obtained
			3.4 Aspects of Sustainability
				3.4.1 Potential for Diversion of Landfill Waste
				3.4.2 Monetary Value of the Organic Compounds Obtained
		4 Results
			4.1 Reduction of the Mass and Yield of the Organic Compounds Obtained
			4.2 Sustainability Aspects
				4.2.1 Potential for Diversion of Coffee Preparation Waste from Landfills
				4.2.2 Estimation of Monetary Value Related to the Potential of Compost Production
		5 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	24 A Sustainable Circular Economy for Australia: Bringing the Circular Economy into the Doughnut
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Positioning Circular and Doughnut Economics for Sustainable Development
			1.2 Circularity as Sustainability Transition: Coalitions, Governance, and Change
		2 Circular Discourses and Promises in Australia: Making the Mainstream
		3 Federal, State, and Other Initiatives
		4 Intermediaries in Sustainability Transitions
		5 Methodology: Qualitative Interview Recruitment and Thematic Analysis
		6 Themes
			6.1 Definitions: History and Geography Matters
			6.2 Benefits and Enablers of a Circular Australia
			6.3 Barriers
			6.4 Waste Management and Recycling Policy Narrative
			6.5 (Multilevel) Governance Relations
			6.6 Circular Within a Doughnut Economics Umbrella
			6.7 Potential for Sustainable Transition in Five Years
		7 Conclusion
		References
	25 Toward Best Practices of Implementing Campus Sustainability in US Universities
		1 Introduction: The Changing Nature of Campus Sustainability
		2 The Variable Dimensions of Campus Sustainability
		3 The Transformational Role of Leadership and Planning for Campus Sustainability
		4 Operationalizing Leadership for Campus Sustainability
		5 Methodology
			5.1 Using an Indicator-Based Approach to Assess Sustainability Effectiveness
			5.2 Case Studies Selection
		6 Case Studies Presentation
			6.1 American University, Washington, D.C.
			6.2 Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
			6.3 George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
			6.4 New York University, New York, New York
			6.5 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
			6.6 Columbia University, New York City, NY
			6.7 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
			6.8 Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
			6.9 Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
		7 Findings from the Case Studies and Discussion
			7.1 Limitations
			7.2 Further Research
		8 Conclusion
		References
	26 Governance for Sustainability in Higher Education Institutions
		1 Introduction
		2 Analytical Grounds
		3 Analytical Methodology
		4 Presentation and Analysis of Results
			4.1 Document Types
			4.2 Dynamics of Green Campuses in University Management
			4.3 Elements of Institutional Governance to Promote Sustainability
			4.4 General Challenges
		5 Conclusions
		References
	27 Waste Generation and Management at the University of A Coruña
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials and Methods
			2.1 The Main Campus of UDC
			2.2 Sources of Information and Study Approach
			2.3 Obtaining Waste Quantities from Collection Frequencies and Emptied Volumes
			2.4 Determination of the Quality of Selective Collection and Other Aspects of the Study
		3 Results and Discussion
			3.1 Waste Streams, Origin, and Agents Involved
			3.2 Type and Number of Waste Containers and Frequency of Waste Collection in the UDC
			3.3 Generation and Management of Waste at UDC in 2011 and 2019
				3.3.1 Generation of CDW, WEEE, HW, B, and PW at UDC
				3.3.2 Selective Collection of Waste Paper/Cardboard, Glass, and Batteries
				3.3.3 Quantity and Composition of OFMW and NOFMW Streams in 2011
				3.3.4 Generation and On-site Composting of Bio-waste from Canteen Services
				3.3.5 Total Waste Generated at the UDC in 2011 and 2019 and Distribution by Material Type and Collection Mode
				3.3.6 Per Capita Waste Generation and Comparison with Other HEIs
			3.4 New Selective Collection Model for PC-OFMW-NOFMW in the Centers
		4 Overall Assessment and Main Challenges
		5 Conclusions
		References
	28 Academic Motivation and Previous Academic Achievement in Higher Education
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Framework
			2.1 The Academic Motivation Construct
			2.2 Prior Academic Achievement and Academic Motivation
			2.3 The Present Study
		3 Materials and Methods
			3.1 Participants
			3.2 Variables and Instruments
			3.3 Procedure
			3.4 Data Analyses
		4 Results
			4.1 Previous Achievement and Academic Goal Orientation
			4.2 Previous Academic Achievement, Self-Efficacy, and Expectancy for Success
			4.3 Previous Academic Achievement and State Anxiety
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusion
		References
	29 In Times of Uncertainty
		1 Introduction
		2 Higher Education Sustainability Model
		3 Sustainability of the Hong Kong Higher Education System
		4 Methodology
		5 Research Findings
		6 Discussion
		7 Limitations
		8 Conclusive Remark
		References
	30 The Contribution of the Circular Economy to the Fulfillment of the 2030 Agenda in Higher Education Institutions
		1 Introduction
		2 CE Role at HEIs
			2.1 CE with University Social Responsibility Support
				2.1.1 Importance of the Institutionalization Programs at HEIs
				2.1.2 Importance of Education for the Success of the Programs
		3 Link Between 2030 Agenda, CE, and HEIs
			3.1 SDGs at University Research and Academic Training and CE
			3.2 SDGs at Campus Operations and CE
		4 Methodology for Data Collection
		5 Results and Discussion
			5.1 Implementation of CE Initiative in the Operational Pillars of HEIs
			5.2 SDGs Addressed at HEIs
		6 Conclusions
		7 Limitation of the Study and Future Line of Research
		8 Future Lines of Research
		References
			Websites
	31 Linking Low Family Income to Waste Recycling in a Brazilian Public University
		1 Introduction
		2 Waste Pickers´ Cooperatives
		3 Recyclable Solid Waste
		4 Method
		5 Results and Discussion
		6 Conclusions
		References
	32 Post-Sustainability, Regenerative Cultures, and Governance Scale-Up: Transformational Learning Cases of Sociocracy 3.0 in P...
		1 Introduction
		2 Transformation, Margins, and Centers: Communities of Practice, Local Governance, and Scale-Up Governance
			2.1 Sociocracy 3.0
		3 Methodology
		4 Results and Discussion
			4.1 Learning from the Learner: Narratives from the Field
			4.2 Phases of a Journey: Learn from Whom Learned
				4.2.1 First Turning Point: Failures in the Educational and Society Model
				4.2.2 Second Turning Point: The Journey, Holistic Learning, Permaculture, and Ecovillage Design
				4.2.3 Third Turning Point: A Pioneer Project
				4.2.4 Fourth Turning Point: Between the Journey and Relocation
				4.2.5 Fifth Turning Point: Breaking the Traveler´s Pattern
				4.2.6 Sixth Turning Point: Discovering S3
				4.2.7 Seventh Turning Point: S3 Practitioners and Part of a Network
				4.2.8 Eighth Turning Point: Applying and Spreading S3
				4.2.9 Ninth Turning Point: ``Artful Participation´´
			4.3 Mapping Sociocracy 3.0 in Portugal: Eight Learning Cases
		5 Final Remarks
		References
	33 Advancement in Social Technologies in Brazil: Regional Concentration and SDG Representation
		1 Introduction
		2 Social Technologies
			2.1 Social Technologies: Concept Definition and Characteristics
		3 Brazilian Bank Foundation Database
			3.1 Bank of Social Technologies of Banco do Brasil
		4 Statistical Analysis
			4.1 Methodology and Data
			4.2 Social-Economic Data
			4.3 Findings and Discussion
				4.3.1 Geographical Distribution
				4.3.2 Themes and SDGs
		5 Conclusion
		33.5 Appendix
		References
	34 Sustainability in Engineering Education: Experiences of Educational Innovation
		1 Introduction
		2 Education on Sustainability. Incorporating Sustainability in Engineering Studies
		3 Experiences of Educational Innovation
			3.1 Connecting Green Skills and Educational Innovation
			3.2 Flipped Classroom
			3.3 Challenge-Based Learning
			3.4 Creativity
		4 Problems Detected and Limitations
			4.1 On the Part of the Professors
			4.2 On the Part of the Students
		5 Concluding Remarks
		References
	35 How Cities and Universities Approach the Sustainable Development Goals
		1 Introduction
		2 The SDGs, Cities, and Field of Knowledge
			2.1 Economic and Educational Challenges
			2.2 Universities Approaching Sustainable Development
		3 Challenges in Designing New Educational Paths
			3.1 Case Study from Germany
			3.2 Case Study from Poland
			3.3 Case Study from Italy
			3.4 Case Study from Ukraine
				3.4.1 Ukraine Integration in the EU Area
				3.4.2 Sustainable City Development: An Area That Requires Experienced Professionals
		4 Conclusions and the Road Ahead
		References
	36 Sustainable Development Goals and Urban Health Challenges in Informal Settlements of Mangaung Municipality, South Africa
		1 Introducing the Sustainable Development and Health Challenges in Informal Settlements
		2 Sustainable Development Goals and Health Challenges in Informal Settlements: A Review of Literature
			2.1 SDG 1 and Health Challenges in Informal Settlements
			2.2 SDG 3 and Health Challenge in Informal Settlements
			2.3 SDG 6 and Health Issues for Informal Settlements
			2.4 Sustainable Development Goal 11 and Health Challenges
			2.5 Sustainable Development Goal 13 and Health Challenges
		3 Methods and Materials
			3.1 Description of the Study Area
			3.2 Research Design and Methodology
		4 Geography of the Informal Settlements in Mangaung Municipality
			4.1 Physical and Spatial Conditions of the Informal Settlements
			4.2 Provisioning of Basic Services (Water and Sanitation)
			4.3 Governance and Management of Informal Settlements and Climate Risks
		5 Findings from Caleb Motshabi Informal Settlement
			5.1 Reflections on SDG 1: Poverty and Unemployment
				5.1.1 Inability to Pay for Services
			5.2 Health SDG 3: Insights on Primary Health Facilities and Services in Caleb Motshabi
			5.3 SDG 6 in Caleb Motshabi
			5.4 SDG 11 Seen Through Caleb Motshabi Informal Settlement
			5.5 SDG 13 and Climate-Related Health Risks in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality
		6 Discussion and Implications for Sustainable Development Goals
		7 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
	37 Business Practices and Trends in the Transition to Sustainability: Case of Ecuador
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 Sustainability Transitions
			2.2 Integrating Sustainability into Business Practices
		3 Case Studies
			3.1 Electricity Generation
				3.1.1 The Challenge of Balancing Long-Term Goals and Economic Objectives
			3.2 Metallic Mining
				3.2.1 With a Larger Scale Comes a Greater Demand for Environmental Sustainability
			3.3 Shrimp Aquaculture
				3.3.1 New Sustainability Practices in a Long-Established Exporting Industry
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusions
		37.5 Appendix: List of Interviewees
		References
	38 Science and Technology Parks and Environmental Governance: An Exploratory Analysis of the International Hub for Sustainable...
		1 Introduction
		2 Challenges of Contemporary Environmental Governance: Guiding Principles of HIDS
		3 Technology Parks: Implementation Models and Sustainability Dimensions
		4 The International Hub for Sustainable Development (HIDS): A Pioneering Experience in Latin America
		5 Final Considerations
		References
	39 Focusing on the Future: Current Practices and Future Perspectives in Implementing Sustainable Development Goals in the Regi...
		1 Introduction
		2 Redefining the Mission of Higher Institutions
		3 Envisioning More Sustainable Futures
		4 Students as Co-creators of Sustainable Changes
		5 Methods
		6 Findings and Discussions
		7 Conclusion
		8 Further Research and the Limitations of This Study
		References
	40 Challenges and Opportunities for UK Seaports Toward Future Sustainability
		1 Introduction
		2 The Smart Ports Testbed Pilot Project
			2.1 Why Was the Smart Ports Testbed Project Innovative?
			2.2 What Are the Competing Solutions?
			2.3 What Is the Benefit to the Industry Partner?
		3 Project Roadmap
		4 Why Ports?
		5 Connectivity: Linking Hinterland and Region
			5.1 Labor Market and Training
		6 Port Governance
		7 The Gradual Transition to Smart Ports
		8 What Is a Smart Port?
		9 Smart Port Innovation Overview
			9.1 Analysis of Intertwined Aspects of Smart Port Innovation
			9.2 What Is the Role of the North East of England?
			9.3 North East of England Ports Research Summary
		10 North East of England Ports SWOT Analysis
		11 Port Size Comparison
			11.1 Ports Analysis
		12 Relevant Projects and Funded Research Initiatives
		13 Relevant Projects and Funded Research Initiatives Analysis
		14 Key Results from Interviews and Workshops with Local Ports
			14.1 Main Outlines
			14.2 Toward Future Smart Ports
				14.2.1 Resilience
				14.2.2 Technologies
		15 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Approaches and Methods to Foster Sustainability
	41 Global Models of Sustainability and Values
		1 Introduction: Backcasting and Forecasting
		2 Two Sides of Normativity: Sub-jectivity and Retro-jectivity
		3 Two Cases: ``World 3´´ and ``Bariloche´´
		4 Conclusion: Toward New Global Models of Sustainability?
		References
	42 The Role of Innovation in a Postgrowth Society
		1 Introduction
		2 Interdependency Between Innovation and Growth
		3 Technical Innovation and Postgrowth
		4 Service Innovation and Postgrowth
		5 Social Innovation and Postgrowth
		6 Innovation and Well-Being Under Postgrowth Conditions
		7 Conclusions and Outlook
		Literature
	43 Impacts of Social Hazards on Urban Sustainability
		1 Introduction
		2 Linking Sustainability and Resilience in Urban Settings
		3 Characterization of Social Hazards with Regard Resilience Thinking
		4 The Complex Nature of Urban Adaptive Systems
		5 Digital Cities to Manage Complex Adaptive Urban Systems
		6 Impacts of Coronavirus Pandemic on Urban Sustainability
		7 Conclusions
		References
	44 Young Children´s Understanding of Environmental Issues
		1 Introduction
		2 Environmental Education
		3 Environmental Education in Early Childhood
		4 Young Children in Environmental Research
			4.1 Environmental Perceptions
			4.2 The Natural Environment
			4.3 Environmental and Sustainability Issues
			4.4 Environmental Attitudes and Values
			4.5 Educational Interventions and Future Directions
		5 Concluding Comments
		References
	45 Investigating the GreenMetric World University Ranking as an Equitable Tool
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Sustainability Assessment Tools for Higher Education Institutions
			1.2 Issues Related to Sustainability Assessment Tools for Higher Education Institutions
		2 GreenMetric World University Ranking
		3 Vulnerabilities of the GreenMetric World University Ranking: A Bibliometric Survey
		4 Conclusion
		References
	46 Environmental Communication and Health Promotion
		1 Introduction
		2 The Importance of Natural Ecosystem Services
		3 A New Geological Epoch: The Anthropocene
			3.1 Climate Change: ``The Leader of All Risk Factors´´
		4 An Eco-Cultural Health Perspective
		5 The Need to Change Our Mind Settings
		6 Environmental Communication Necessity
			6.1 Environmental Communication Field
			6.2 The Role of Communicator Concerning Environmental Issues
				6.2.1 Motivation
				6.2.2 Locus of Control
		7 Health Promotion and New Public Health Approaches
		8 Discussion
		9 Conclusion
		References
	47 Future-Oriented Methodologies for Sustainability
		1 Introduction
		2 Why Are Future-Oriented Methodologies Needed?
		3 Working with Insufficient Data
		4 Reductionist Representations of Real-World Events
		5 Challenges in Dealing with Nonlinear, Delayed, and Distributed Consequences of Actions
		6 Outliers, Extremes, and Weak Signals
		7 The Communicative Function of Methodology
		8 Research as Communities of Practice and Implications for Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration
		9 Methodological Lock-In and Anticipatory Methodology Development
		10 Purposes and Problems of Methodological Boundaries
		11 Power and Ethics
		12 Inertia of Knowledge Systems and Conditions for Methodological Innovation
		13 New Approaches for Challenging Times
		14 Conclusion
		References
	48 Future Interdisciplinary Waste Ecological Challenges
		1 Introduction
		2 Interdisciplinary Ecological Challenges
		3 Domestic Waste Indicators and Future Directions
		4 Conclusions
		References
	49 Historical Memory and Eco-centric Education: Looking at the Past to Move Forward with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Devel...
		1 Introduction: Historical Roots of Education in Western Culture
		2 Education for Sustainability in the Digital Age
		3 Eco-centric Curricula in Sustainability Education
		4 Environments for Teaching and Learning in Sustainability Education
		5 Reorganizing Education for a Sustainable Development
		6 Conclusion
		References
	50 Sustainable Materials for Advanced Products
		1 Introduction
		2 New Sustainable Materials: From Earth to Earth
		3 General Properties of Biocomposite Materials
			3.1 Natural Fibers
				3.1.1 Classification
				3.1.2 General Properties
				3.1.3 Economic Value
				3.1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages
			3.2 Bio-based Matrixes
				3.2.1 Cellulose
				3.2.2 Starch
				3.2.3 Casein
				3.2.4 Polylactic Acid
		4 Invasive Plant Species: A New Source of Natural Fibers
		5 Conclusions
		References
	51 Applying Data Analytics in Food Security
		1 Introduction
		2 Food Security
		3 What Is Data Analytics?
		4 Data-Driven Decision-Making
		5 Data Analytics Framework
		6 Types of Analytics
		7 Predictive Analytics in Food Safety for Food Security
		8 The Role of Crop Yield in Ensuring Sustainable Food Security from Machine Learning Perspective
		9 Steps for Data Analytics in Food Security
		10 Conclusion
		References
	52 Artificial Intelligence and Technology for Sustainable Food Production and Future Consumption
		1 Introduction
		2 Artificial Intelligence for a Sustainable Food System
			2.1 Agricultural Cultivation
			2.2 Food Processing and Manufacturing
			2.3 Food Quality Control
			2.4 Distribution and Logistic
			2.5 Work Labor
			2.6 Food Consumption
		3 Challenges of Embedding AI in Food Supply Management
		4 Conclusion
		References
	53 Sensoriality, Arts, Poetry, and Sustainability
		1 Introduction - Precursors to Sustainable Development Definition
		2 The Need for Multi (inter) Disciplinarity to Realize Agenda 2030 Goals
		3 Sensoriality and Beauty as Educational Tools for Sustainable Development
			3.1 Design Considerations
			3.2 Beauty and Responsibility to Act
			3.3 Beauty, Cynicism, and Desire - A New Definition of Sustainable Development
		4 The Arts and Sustainable Science
		5 Poetry and a Sustainable Wor(l)d
		6 Poetry as a Tool for Understanding Science of Sustainability
			6.1 The Practical Experiences of Senses, Poetry, and Theater Labs for Sustainability
			6.2 The University Course Experience
				6.2.1 Course Curriculum
				6.2.2 Sensory Experiences
					Theater-Like Experiments
				6.2.3 Poetry as a Tool
			6.3 Urban Workshops
		7 Conclusions
		References
	54 Robotized Pre-recycling for Improved Material Recovery
		1 Introduction
		2 Traditional E-Waste Recycling
		3 Robotized Pre-recycling Technique
		4 Barriers for the Implementation of Robotized Pre-recycling
		5 Conclusion
		References
	55 Diagnosis and Prognosis in the Management of the Environmental Impacts of a Sanitary Landfills from the Perspective of the ...
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
		3 Knowing the Landfilling
			3.1 Delimitation of the Place of Study
			3.2 Groundwater and Surface Quality of the Spring
			3.3 Statistical Evaluation of the Data
			3.4 Determination of the Potential for Contamination of the Local Aquifer
		4 Diagnosis of Environmental Impacts of Sanitary Landfills
			4.1 Vulnerability of the Local Aquifer to Potential Landfill Pollution
			4.2 Monitoring of Ground and Surface Water
		5 The Implementation of the SDGs as a Contribution to Accelerating the Management and Improvement of Landfills
		6 Final Considerations
		References
	56 Relating the Metrics and Indicators of the Living Building Challenge and Urban Ecosystem Services for Regenerative Design
		1 Introduction
		2 Urban Ecosystem Services
		3 Living Building Challenge
		4 Methodology
		5 Results
			5.1 Proposed Urban Ecosystem Services Categories
			5.2 Design Metrics and Indicators
		6 Conclusion
		References
	57 Methodology for Selecting Agile Methods in Transdisciplinary Sustainability Projects
		1 Introduction
		2 Agile Methods in Transdisciplinary Research
			2.1 Transdisciplinary Research and Development
			2.2 Agile Methods
			2.3 Cluster of Agile Methods
			2.4 Methodology for Selecting Agile Methods
			2.5 Application of a Methodology for Selecting Agile Methods Within a Project
		3 Conclusion
		References
	58 The Gaps for Future Studies in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Single-Use Plastic Bags: A Literature Review
		1 Introduction
		2 About the Polymers Used in Single-Use Plastic Bag Production
		3 Background on Single-Use Plastic Bag Production
		4 Background on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
		5 About the Studies of Life Cycle Assessment of Single-Use Plastic Bag
		6 Conclusion
		References
	59 Ambient Air Quality Within Urban Communities of South Africa
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health
			1.2 Impacts of Air Pollution on the Environment
			1.3 South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
		2 Analysis Approach
		3 Air Quality Monitoring and Management Case Studies in South Africa
		4 Discussion
		5 Study Implications for Sustainability in the Future
		6 Conclusion
		References
	60 Toward Forests´ Sustainability and Multifunctionality: An Ecosystem Services-Based Project
		1 Introduction
		2 Forests´ Conservation: Take Action
		3 Forests Ecosystem Services: A Brief Overview
		4 Toward Forests´ Sustainability and Multifunctionality: Ecosystem Services-Based Approaches
			4.1 The MultiForest Project
			4.2 Conceptual Approach
				4.2.1 Mapping and Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services
					Study Areas Addressed in the Project
					Most Relevant Forest Ecosystem Services (In the Scope of MultiForest Analysis)
					Assessing Ecosystem Condition: Definition of Indicators
					Modelling of Forest Ecosystem Services
				4.2.2 Perceptions of the Forests´ Ecosystem Services Value
				4.2.3 Forestry Practices for Fostering Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity: Some Considerations
		5 Conclusions
		References
	61 Reflective Thinking in Business Courses
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Reflective Thinking and the Business Courses
			1.2 Reflective Thinking Measurement Questionnaire
		2 Method
		3 Results
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusions
		References
	62 Geospatial Ecological Footprint Calculators Through Participatory and Collective Processes
		1 Introduction
		2 Main Aims of Emapic-OMA Calculators of Carbon Footprint
			2.1 Emapic: Locate on the Map the Knowledge and Feelings of the Participants
			2.2 Emapic-OMA-Water: Mapping Efficiency in Water Consumption Devices
			2.3 Emapic-OMA-Waste: Waste Management and Prevention Practices
			2.4 Aims of Mobility and Energy Calculators
		3 Methodology
			3.1 Reference Values, Emission Factors, and Indicators for Domestic Waste Carbon Footprint
			3.2 Water Use Efficiency Indicators
			3.3 Emission Factors for Transport Modes
			3.4 Electricity and Fuel Emission Factors
			3.5 Reference Values for Domestic Use of Energy in Galiza
			3.6 Carbon Footprint Expression from CO2 Emissions
			3.7 Calibration and Verification of the Operation of Calculators
		4 Results and Discussion
			4.1 The Tools: Emapic-OMA Calculators of Carbon Footprint
				4.1.1 Emapic-OMA General Portal
				4.1.2 How Users Manage the Tool: The Forms of Emapic-OMA Calculators
				4.1.3 Emapic-OMA Maps: Results Available to All People, Users, or Not
				4.1.4 Collective Projects with Emapic-OMA
				4.1.5 The Use of Emapic-OMA Calculators over the Time
			4.2 Knowledge and Practices Related to Waste in Galiza from Emapic-OMA-Waste Calculator
			4.3 Water-Efficient Practices Related in Galiza from Emapic-OMA-Water Calculator
			4.4 Mobility and Energy Footprint Calculators
		5 Conclusions
		References
	63 Perceptions of Women Waste Handlers in Ghana, Africa
		1 Introduction
		2 Background
			2.1 Perspective of Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5): 2030 Agenda
			2.2 Bioethical Paradigm Related to Gender Equality
		3 Methodology
			3.1 Sample Characterization
			3.2 Data Related
			3.3 Ethical Considerations
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusions
		References
	64 Sustainable Pharmaceutical Waste Management: Pharmacist and Patient Perception in Ghanaian Hospitals
		1 Introduction
		2 Management of Pharmaceutical Waste in Ghana, Africa
			2.1 Policy
			2.2 Pharmaceutical Waste at Medical Facilities
			2.3 Household Pharmaceutical Waste Management
		3 Material and Methods
			3.1 Study Area
			3.2 Method
			3.3 Instruments
			3.4 Study Sampling
			3.5 Ethical Issues
		4 Results
			4.1 Pharmacists´ Perception
			4.2 Patients´ Perception
			4.3 Assessment of Medicare Facilities Regarding PW Management Practices
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusions
		References
	65 Recovering from COVID-19 Environment and Social Impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Social Engagement
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 COVID-19: The Originating Source
			2.2 COVID-19: Prevention Measures and the Effect in Africa
		3 Methodology
		4 Findings and Discussion
			4.1 Social Engagement Impacts of COVID-19 Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
				4.1.1 Social Protection Engagement: Cushioning Actions
				4.1.2 Impact of Business on COVID-19
				4.1.3 Impact of Covid-19 Crises on Children
				4.1.4 Trust in Government and Stigmatization for Sustainability
				4.1.5 Social Engagement for Sustainability
		5 Conclusions
		References
	66 Geotourism Social Constraints and Protection Instruments from a Sustainability Perspective
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Foundation
			2.1 Tourism and Sustainable Geotourism
			2.2 Factors Favoring and/or Limiting the Implementation of Geotourism
			2.3 Formal Instruments Regulating the Geotourism Activity in Brazil
		3 Material and Methods
			3.1 Study Area
			3.2 Geological, Geomorphological, and Landscape Potential of Mucajaí
			3.3 Data Collection
		4 Results
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusions
		References
	67 Technology Design for a Sustainable Circular Economy: Research and Practice Consequences
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Sustainable Development and Technology
			1.2 Sustainable Technology in Transitions Theory
			1.3 Toward Sustainable Circular Economy
			1.4 Design for Sustainable Circular Economy
			1.5 How Design Can Contribute to a Sustainable Circular Economy
			1.6 Illustrative Case Studies: Envisioning Sustainable Circular Futures Through Industrial Design
				1.6.1 Passive, Preventative Exoskeleton
				1.6.2 Cyber-physical Agricultural Swarm System
				1.6.3 Last-Mile Automated Mobility System
			1.7 Conclusion
		References
	68 Circular Economy in the Built Environment of North America: Toward Housing Affordability and Sustainability
		1 Introduction: Homebuilding and the Environmental Challenge
			1.1 Material Phase - Resource Extraction, Manufacturing, and Transportation
			1.2 Operational Phase - Homebuilding Performance
			1.3 End of Use Phase - Waste Generation
			1.4 A Circular Economy in Homebuilding
				1.4.1 Housing Affordability; A Need for a New Paradigm
		2 The Circular Multi Family (CMF) Housing Design
		3 Introducing a Choice Menu
		4 Building Exterior Flexibility
		5 Prefabrication for Circularity
		6 Toward Sustainable Development in Housing
		7 Understanding the Environmental Impacts of CMF: Life Cycle Analysis
		8 Understanding the Economic Potential of CMF: Cost Analysis
		9 Understanding the Social Impacts of CMF: Occupancy Type and Configuration Analysis
		10 Implementing Circular Building Practices
			10.1 Practicality
			10.2 Marketability
			10.3 Quality, Durability and Maintenance
			10.4 Cost
		11 Conclusion
		References
	69 Toward the Implementation of SDG12 to Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns: Opportunities and Neglected I...
		1 Introduction
		2 How Different Visions of Development Shaped SDG12
			2.1 Indicators as an Expression of Political Priorities
			2.2 Means of Implementation
			2.3 Common Elements in the SDG12 Implementation Initiatives
		3 Sustainable Production
			3.1 Applying Circular Economy Principles to Sustainable Production
			3.2 Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS)
		4 Sustainable Consumption
			4.1 Applying Behavioral Economics to Sustainable Consumption
			4.2 Green Nudges for Overcoming Behavioral Hurdles
		5 Carbon Pricing Supports SDG12 Beyond Voluntarism
		6 Discussion
			6.1 Salient Opportunities and Neglected Issues in SCP
			6.2 Implications for Unaddressed Means of Implementation
		7 Conclusion
		References
	70 Sustainable Recovery: Analysis of the Perception of Engineers in the Brazilian Amazon
		1 Introduction: Sustainable Recovery in the Brazilian Amazon
		2 Driving Sustainability and Innovation in Engineering Education
		3 Experiences of Recovery for Sustainability: A Vision of Engineers of the Amazon About Innovation and Sustainability Practices
		4 Contributions
		5 Conclusions
		References
	71 Circular Economy in Olive Oil Industry: The Case of Greece
		1 Introduction
		2 Circular Economy (CE)
			2.1 The Transition to a CE
			2.2 Implementation of the CE
		3 Circular Economy in Agri-food Industry
		4 Circular Economy in Olive Oil Industry
			4.1 Olive Oil Industry
			4.2 Olive Oil Mill Waste (OOMW)
			4.3 Olive Oil Mill Waste (OOMW) Management
			4.4 Valorization of Olive Oil By-products and Waste
		5 The Case of Greece
			5.1 Waste Management and CE in Greece
			5.2 CE in Greek Agri-food Sector
			5.3 CE in Greek Olive Industry
				5.3.1 Waste Management of Greek Olive Oil Mills
				5.3.2 Circular Economy in Greek Olive Oil Mills
		6 Conclusions
		References
Part III: Sustainability Strategies and Tools
	72 Dematerialization: Needs and Challenges
		1 Introduction
		2 Assessment Methodologies
			2.1 Material Flow Analysis (MFA)
			2.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
			2.3 Input-Output Analysis (IOA)
			2.4 Statistical and Econometric Methods
		3 Dematerialization and Development
		4 Variations in Industrial Sectors
		5 Challenges
		6 Conclusions
		References
	73 From Agroecology to Food Systems Sustainability: An Evolutionary Path Shifting Toward Sustainable Agriculture and Developme...
		1 Introduction
		2 Industrial Agriculture and the ``Risky Business´´ of Agribusiness
		3 The Paradox of Agriculture Intensification and Increasing Hunger
		4 Food Supply and Lessons Learned from the Covid-19 Pandemic
		5 Micro- and Urban Farming as New Trends in Agroecology
		6 Agroecology Education in the Twenty-First Century
		7 Conclusion
		References
	74 Geographical Information Systems and Open Data
		1 Introduction
		2 Open Data
			2.1 General Remarks
			2.2 FAIR Data
				2.2.1 Usability Concerns
				2.2.2 Quality Concerns
			2.3 Open, Spatial Data
			2.4 Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information
				2.4.1 Citizen Science
				2.4.2 Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)
			2.5 Open Data Provided by Administrations and Enterprises
				2.5.1 Spatial Data Infrastructures
				2.5.2 Open Geodata Provided by Private Enterprises
			2.6 Open, Spatial Data by Default and Request
		3 Integration of Open Spatial Data, CS, and VGI in an Interactive Mapping Service Supporting Regional Sustainable Development
			3.1 A Project to Support Sustainable Development on a Regional Level
				3.1.1 Setting Up a Transdisciplinary Geographical Database, Including Open, Spatial Data
				3.1.2 Deciding on Sustainable Regional Measures to Adapt to Climate Change, Based on Administrative and Open Spatial Data
			3.2 Quality Concerns Revisited
		4 Conclusions
		References
	75 Fostering Global Partnerships for Sustainable Development
		1 Introduction
		2 Millennium Development Goals: The First Step in Forming Global Partnerships for Sustainable Development
		3 Official Development Assistance (ODA)
		4 Global Partnership in the 2030 Agenda
			4.1 Financial Support
			4.2 Development of Institutional Environment
			4.3 Training and Institutional Capacity
			4.4 Ensuring Access to Technologies
		5 Public-Private Partnerships for the SDGs
		6 Public Authorities, Business and Society: New Roles and Realities to Ensure Sustainable Development
			6.1 Public Authorities
			6.2 Private Business
			6.3 Civil Society Institutes
			6.4 Role of Science in the Development of Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainability
		7 Summary Remarks
		References
	76 Imagining a Prosperous Periphery for the Rural in 2050 and Beyond
		1 Introduction
		2 Overview of the Rural-Urban Relationship
		3 The Diverse and Sustainable Rural
		4 Rural Futures Imagined Through Metaphors
			4.1 Heart Attack Scenario
			4.2 Cancer Scenario
			4.3 Healing Scenario
		5 Conclusion
		References
	77 Certified Sustainable Palm Oil
		1 Introduction
		2 Sustainability Challenges, Issues of Oil Palm Industry, and Importance of Certifications
		3 Stakeholders´ Ongoing Debates Towards Palm Oil Sustainability Practices and Certifications
			3.1 Environmental Nongovernment Organizations (ENGOs) and NGOs Debates
			3.2 Debates Against Growers/Smallholders
			3.3 Debates Against Palm Oil Producers
			3.4 Debates Against Top Management Certification Policies
			3.5 Ongoing Debates by Consumers
		4 The Investors´ Main Perception About Certifications and Their Practices to Overcome These Debates
		5 Conclusion
		References
	78 Structural Relationship Between Techno-finance and Waste Management Treatment (WMT) for Re-designing Sustainable Production
		1 Introduction
		2 Sustainability Challenges Due to Waste Management Treatments
		3 Proposed Structural Relationship Between Techno-finance and Waste Management Treatment with Composite Sustainability Indicat...
		4 The Proposed Structural Relationship Between Techno-finance and Waste Management Treatment
		5 Conclusion
		References
	79 Using Agile Management (Scrum) for Sustainability Transformation Projects
		1 Introduction
		2 Background
			2.1 Sustainability Transformations and Transitions
				2.1.1 Circular Economy
				2.1.2 Sustainability Science Projects
			2.2 Agile Project Management
				2.2.1 Scrum Framework
				2.2.2 Scrum in Research
			2.3 Prosperkolleg Project
			2.4 Research Questions
		3 Methods
			3.1 Research Design
				3.1.1 Case Study - Using Scrum in Prosperkolleg
		4 Results
			4.1 Inductive-Conducted Category System
				4.1.1 Transformation Towards a Circular Economy
					Holistically Accepted Approach
					Collaboration Between Relevant Stakeholders
					Realization
				4.1.2 Sustainability Transformation Projects
					Research Approach
					Collaboration
					Implementation
					Impact
				4.1.3 Scrum Advantages and Disadvantages
				4.1.4 Scrum Advantages
					Scrum Disadvantages
			4.2 Deductive Matching with Scrum Framework
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusion
		References
	80 Machine Learning in Food Security and Sustainability
		1 Introduction
		2 Food Security and Sustainability
		3 Food Security in Malaysia
		4 Overview of Machine Learning
		5 Application of Machine Learning on Food Security and Sustainability
			5.1 Livestock Management
			5.2 Irrigation Management
			5.3 Crop Yield
			5.4 Disease Detection
			5.5 Weather Prediction
			5.6 Transportation
		6 Conclusion
		References
	81 Role of Circular Economy in Achieving Sustainable Growth in Agriculture and Food Sector
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Circularity in Food Production
			1.2 Circularity in the Consumption of Food
			1.3 Circularity in Food Waste Management
			1.4 Circularity in Supply Chain Management
		2 Research Design
			2.1 Identification of Past Studies
			2.2 Selection of Articles and Their Evaluation
			2.3 Descriptive Analysis
		3 Application of CE in Agri-Food Sector: State-of-the-Art Research
			3.1 Country of Research
			3.2 Methodologies Used in Past Studies
			3.3 Field of Research
			3.4 Tools and Technique Implemented
			3.5 Focus on the Type of Supply Chain
		4 Conclusion
		References
	82 Moving from Conventional Plastics to Sustainable Solutions: Assessing Human Willingness to Change Current Practices
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Results and Discussion
			3.1 Demographic Information
			3.2 Assessing the Frequencies and Modalities of Plastic Consumption
			3.3 Attitude toward Plastic Consumption
			3.4 Receiving Information and Thinking about the Impacts of Plastic on Health
			3.5 Availability of Information on the Impacts on Health
			3.6 Willingness to Reduce Plastic Consumption
			3.7 Ways to Increase the Awareness of Impacts of Plastic Consumption
			3.8 Responsibility to Adapt Buying Behavior
		4 Conclusions
		References
	83 Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment (NSA) Tools
		1 Introduction
		2 Sustainability
		3 The Cities and Development
		4 The Neighborhoods
		5 Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment
		6 Ability to Adapt Local Indicators
		7 Methodology
		8 Results
			8.1 Identification of Publication Information
			8.2 Interpretation of the Tools
			8.3 Comparative and Similarity Analysis
		9 Conclusions and Recommendations
		References
	84 Urban Oasis
		1 Introduction
		2 Past, Present, and Future in Focus
			2.1 Sustainability Panorama
			2.2 Site
			2.3 Intervention Proposal
				2.3.1 Concept
				2.3.2 The Project
		3 Conclusions
		References
	85 Challenges and Opportunities for Scaling Up Global Upcycling Towards Sustainable Production and Consumption
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Results and Discussion
			3.1 Descriptive Analysis
			3.2 Challenges and Opportunities
		4 Conclusion
		References
	86 SDG 6 and Industry 4.0
		1 Introduction
		2 Data Collection and Consolidation
		3 Development of Artificial Neural Networks
		4 Results
		5 Conclusion
		References
	87 Future Research Trends on the Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
			2.1 Content Evaluation
			2.2 Data Extraction, Cross Search, and Results Synthesis
		3 An Overview of the Water-Energy-Food Nexus Definition
		4 WEF Nexus Methods and Metrics
			4.1 Case Studies, Geographical Scale, Place of Analysis, and Objectives
			4.2 Description of the WEF Nexus Metrics and Methodologies
				4.2.1 Indicators
				4.2.2 Input-Output Analysis
				4.2.3 Other Models
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusions
		References
	88 Education for Sustainable Development
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Methodological Approach
			1.2 Limitations of this Study
		2 Sustainable Development and Higher Education
			2.1 Pedagogical Research
				2.1.1 SD as Civic Education
				2.1.2 Methods for Integrating ESD
				2.1.3 Resistance to Adopting ESD
				2.1.4 In Sum
		3 Examples of Work with Sustainable Development at Higher Education Institutions
			3.1 The Swedish Defense University
			3.2 Examples from Other Universities
		4 Analysis and a Way Forward
			4.1 Recommendations in Relation to Governance and Management
			4.2 Recommendations in Relation to Research
			4.3 Recommendations in Relation to Education
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusions
		References
	89 Future Design for Sustainable Nature and Societies
		1 Introduction
		2 What Have We Been Doing?
		3 Why Do Future Failures Occur?
		4 Experiments and Practices
		5 The Future of FD
		References
	90 Sustainability Accounting and Integrated Reporting as Drivers for Comprehensive SMEs Disclosure and Growth
		1 Introduction
		2 The Evolution of Corporate Reporting
			2.1 From Financial Statements to Stand-Alone Social Reports and Integrated Reports
			2.2 Integrated Reporting
			2.3 The Seven Guiding Principles and the Eight Content Elements of Integrated Reporting
			2.4 Accounting and Integrated Reporting Support to SDGs
		3 Integrated Reporting in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
			3.1 Motivations for Integrated Reporting and why in SMEs
			3.2 Ongoing Issues that Hinder Integrated Reporting in SMEs
		4 Integrated and Sustainability Reports in SMEs: Evidence from Practice
		5 Concluding Remarks
		References
	91 Towards a Circular Building Industry
		1 Introduction
		2 Increasing Circularity
			2.1 Applying Circular Strategies
				2.1.1 Extending Building Lifetimes
				2.1.2 Sharing
				2.1.3 Reuse
				2.1.4 Renovation
				2.1.5 Design for Disassembly (DfD)
			2.2 Upcycling
				2.2.1 Deconstruction
				2.2.2 Recycling
			2.3 Enabling Circular Strategies
			2.4 Policies Driving Circularity
				2.4.1 Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Target and End-of-Waste Criteria
				2.4.2 Selective Demolition
				2.4.3 Pre-demolition Audits
				2.4.4 Economic Instruments
				2.4.5 Construction Product Standards
				2.4.6 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)
				2.4.7 Building Codes
				2.4.8 Building Certification and Standards
				2.4.9 EU Circular Economy Tools
		3 Challenges to Upscaling
			3.1 Policy Challenges
		4 Changes Needed
		5 Outlook
		References
	92 Sustainable Technology Design for Future 6G Mobile Communications
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Role of ICT and Mobile Communications in Modern Society
			1.2 Triple Bottom Line of Sustainability
			1.3 UN SDG Framework and ICT
			1.4 6G as an Emerging Technology Bringing Together Sustainability and ICT
		2 Towards Sustainable ICT Development
			2.1 Perspectives of Sustainability in the Context of ICTs
			2.2 Understanding the Role of Future 6G Systems
			2.3 Connecting 6G with the UN SDGs
			2.4 Design Guidelines for Future Mobile Communications
		3 Conclusions
		References
	93 Blockchain as a Sustainability Booster in Supply Chain Management
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Sustainable Supply Chain Management
			3.1 Environmental Dimension of Sustainability
			3.2 Social Dimension of Sustainability
			3.3 Economic Dimension of Sustainability
		4 Blockchain Technology, Its Features and Capabilities
			4.1 Blockchain Background
			4.2 Blockchain General Features
			4.3 Impactful Blockchain Features on Sustainable Supply Chain Management
			4.4 Decentralization
			4.5 Immutability, Transparency, and Traceability
			4.6 A Use Case of Blockchain Capabilities
			4.7 Smart Contracts
		5 Blockchain Impact on Supply Chain Management Sustainability
			5.1 Blockchain Effects on Social Values
			5.2 Blockchain Effects on Environmental Values
			5.3 Blockchain Effects on Economic Values
		6 Challenges of Blockchain Application in a Supply Chain
		7 Conclusion
		References
	94 Sustainability Challenges with a Bottom-Up Perspective: Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies
		1 Introduction
		2 A Bottom-Up Approach to Addressing Sustainability Challenges
			2.1 Sustainability-Oriented Social Entrepreneurship
			2.2 Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies
			2.3 Bottom-Up Initiatives as Complementors to Top-Down Efforts to Empower the Sustainability Impact
		3 How Do They Make It Work? Illustrative Case Studies of Sustainability-Oriented Social Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies
			3.1 The What: What Is the Core of the Phenomenon of Sustainability-Oriented Social Entrepreneurship in an Emerging Economy Con...
			3.2 The Why: Why Is Sustainability-Oriented Social Entrepreneurship So Important, Both Generally and in an Emerging Economy Co...
			3.3 The Where: Where Does Sustainability-Oriented Social Entrepreneurship Concept Appear Particularly Relevant?
			3.4 The How: How Is Sustainability-Oriented Social Entrepreneurship Achieved in an Emerging Economy Context?
			3.5 The Who: Who Is Behind Sustainability-Oriented Social Entrepreneurship Initiatives in an Emerging Economy Context?
		4 Discussion and Conclusions
		94.4 Appendix 1
		References
	95 20-Minute Neighborhoods: Opportunities and Challenges
		1 Introduction
		2 The Rise of 20-Minute Neighborhoods
		3 Portland, The United States
		4 Melbourne, Australia
		5 Paris, France
		6 20-Minute Neighborhoods: Opportunities
			6.1 Functional Opportunities
			6.2 Health Opportunities
			6.3 Social Opportunities
			6.4 Economic Opportunities
			6.5 Environmental Opportunities
		7 Challenges for Delivering 20-Minute Neighborhoods
			7.1 Political Visions and Governance
			7.2 Buy-in from Local Communities
			7.3 Changes to the Existing Urban Form
			7.4 Acknowledging Inequality and Difference
		8 Conclusion
		References
	96 Management of Food Waste for Sustainable Economic Development and Circularity
		1 Introduction
		2 Valorization of Agroindustrial Byproducts and Wastes
		3 Food Waste
		4 Life-Cycle Assessment of Food Waste
		5 Crops and Food Wastes of Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance in the Tropics as a Case Study
		6 Methodology
		7 Results
		8 Conclusions
		References
	97 The Role of Life Cycle Assessment in Supporting the Transition Towards Sustainable Production and Consumptions Systems: The...
		1 Introduction
		2 Counterintuitive Lessons from Hard Systems Analysis
		3 Applying LCA for Quantifying the Climate Change Impacts of Bioenergy Systems
			3.1 LCA as the Appropriate Tool for Supporting Decisions Regarding Bioenergy Expansion
			3.2 Uncertainties in Estimating GHG Savings
				3.2.1 Goal and Scope Definition
				3.2.2 Reference Systems for Meeting Global Energy Demand from Fossil and Bioenergy Feedstocks: Land-Use Implications on Climat...
				3.2.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment
		4 Distinguishing Between Precision and Accuracy in the Assessment of Bioenergy Systems
		5 Conclusions and Outlook
		References
	98 AI Optimized Solar Tracking System for Green and Intelligent Building Development in an Urban Environment
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 Advancement of Green Building Development in an Urban Environment: Integrating Solar Power Generation into Green Buildings
				2.1.1 Green Building Development
				2.1.2 Development of Solar Tracking Technologies
			2.2 Use of AI to Optimize Solar Tracking
			2.3 Battery System for Storing Solar Power
			2.4 Self-Sufficient Green Building for Power Consumption in Smart Grid [Andrew]
		3 Toward an Integrated Solution and Business Model for Energy-Smart Green Building for Self-Sufficiency and EV Charging
			3.1 Green and Intelligent Building for EV Charging
			3.2 Integrating the Use of PV and Energy Storage for EV Charging
		4 The Experience in China
		5 Concluding Remarks
		References
	99 Moving Forward: Visions on the Future of Sustainable Development
		1 Introduction: Definitions of Sustainable Development
		2 The Status of Sustainable Development Today
		3 Some of the Challenges in Implementing Sustainable Development
		4 Conclusions: Future Trends and Themes in Sustainable Development
		References
Index