Handbook of Psychological Assessment

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
	Organization of the Handbook
	Role of the Clinician
	Patterns of Test Usage in Clinical Assessment
	Evaluating Psychological Tests
		Theoretical Orientation
		Practical Considerations
		Standardization
		Reliability
		Validity
	Validity in Clinical Practice
		Incremental Validity
		Conceptual Validity
	Clinical Judgment
		Data Gathering and Synthesis
		Accuracy of Clinical Judgments
		Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction
		Psychological Report
	Phases in Clinical Assessment
		Evaluating the Referral Question
		Data Collection
		Interpreting the Data
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 2 Context of Clinical Assessment
	Types of Referral Settings
		Psychiatric Setting
		General Medical Setting
		Legal Context
		Academic/Educational Context
		Psychological Clinic
	Ethical Practice of Assessment
		Developing a Professional Relationship
		Issues Related to Informed Consent
		Labeling and Restriction of Freedom
		Competent Use of Assessment Instruments
		Interpretation and Use of Test Results
		Communicating Test Results
		Maintenance of Test Security and Release of Test Data
	Assessing Diverse Groups
		Language Skills
		Cultural Competency
		Cultural/Racial Identity
		Test Equivalence and Appropriate Use of Instruments
		Diagnostic Issues
		Interpretation Guidelines
	Selecting Psychological Tests
	Computer-Assisted Assessment
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 3 The Assessment Interview
	History and Development
		Early Developments
		Developments during the 1940s and 1950s
		Developments During the 1960s
		Developments During the 1970s
		Developments During the 1980s
		The 1990s and Into the Millennium
	Issues Related to Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	The Assessment Interview and Case History
		General Considerations
		Interview Tactics
	Mental Status Evaluation
		General Appearance, Behavior, and Relatedness
		Speech and Language
		Feeling (Affect and Mood)
		Perception and Thinking
	Interpreting Interview Data
	Structured Interviews
		Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM
		Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
		Diagnostic Interview Schedule
		Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 4 Behavioral Assessment
	History and Development
	Issues Related to Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Strategies of Behavioral Assessment
		Behavioral Interviewing
		Behavioral Observation
		Cognitive Behavioral Assessment
		Cognitive Self-Report Inventories
		Recording Cognitions
		Psychophysiological Assessment
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 5 Wechsler Intelligence Scales
	Testing of Intelligence: Pros and Cons
	History and Development
	Reliability and Validity
		WAIS-IV Reliability and Validity
		WISC-V Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Use with Diverse Groups
	Meaning of IQ Scores
	Cautions and Guidelines in Administration
	WAIS-IV/WISC-V Successive-Level Interpretation Procedure
		Level I. Full Scale IQ (and Global Ability Index)
		Level II. Indexes and Additional Groupings
		Level III. Interpreting Subtest Variability
		Level IV. Qualitative/Process Analysis
		Level V. Intrasubtest Variability
	Wechsler Indexes and Subtests
		Verbal Comprehension Index/Subtests
	Assessing Brain Damage
		General Principles
		Estimating Premorbid IQ
		Alzheimer's Disease
	Assessing Additional Special Populations
		Learning Disabilities
		Intellectual Disability
		Gifted Children
	Short Forms
		Wechsler Abbreviated Measure of Intelligence
		Best Two- and Three-Subtest Short Forms
		Best Four-Subtest Short Forms
		Seven-Subtest Short Forms
		Additional Short Forms (Satz-Mogel/Yudin and Modified Formats)
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 6 Wechsler Memory Scales
	History and Development
	Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Use with Diverse Groups
	Interpretation Procedure
	Interpreting Patterns of Index Scores
		Auditory Memory Index
		Visual Memory Index
		Auditory Memory Index versus Visual Memory Contrast Scaled Score
		Visual Working Memory
		Visual Working Memory Index Versus Visual Memory Index Contrast Scaled Score
		Immediate Memory Index
		Delayed Memory Index
		Immediate Memory Index Versus Delayed Memory Index Contrast Scaled Score
	Comparing Scores on the WAIS-IV and the WMS-IV
		General Ability Index Versus Auditory Memory Index
		General Ability Index Versus Visual Memory Index
		General Ability Index Versus Visual Working Memory Index
		General Ability Index Versus Immediate Memory Index
		General Ability Index Versus Delayed Memory Index
	Additional Considerations: Malingering and Evaluating Change
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 7 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
	History and Development
	Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Use with Diverse Groups
		Age
		Ethnicity
	Administration
	MMPI-2 Interpretation Procedure
		Step 1. Completion Time
		Step 2. Score and Plot the Profile
		Step 3. Organize the Scales and Identify the Code Type
		Step 4. Determine Profile Validity
		Step 5. Determine Overall Level of Adjustment
		Step 6. Describe Symptoms, Behaviors, and Personality Characteristics
		Step 7. Provide Diagnostic Impressions
		Step 8. Elaborate on Treatment Implications and Recommendations
	MMPI-2 Computerized Interpretation
	MMPI-2 Validity Scales
		? "Scale" (Cannot Say, Cs)
		VRIN (Variable Response Inconsistency Scale)
		TRIN (True Response Inconsistency Scale)
		F Scale (Infrequency)
		Fb (F back) Scale (MMPI-2); F1 and F2 (MMPI-A)
		Fp (Infrequency-Psychopathology) Scale
		Fake Bad Scale (FBS)
		L (Lie) Scale
		K (Correction) Scale
		S (Superlative) Scale
	MMPI-2 Clinical Scales
		Scale 1. Hypochondriasis (Hs)
		Scale 2. Depression (D)
		Scale 3. Hysteria (Hy)
		Scale 4. Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)
		Scale 5. Masculinity-Femininity (Mf)
		Scale 6. Paranoia (Pa)
		Scale 7. Psychasthenia (Pt)
		Scale 8. Schizophrenia (Sc)
		Scale 9. Hypomania (Ma)
		Scale 0. Social Introversion (Si)
	MMPI-2 2-Point Codes
		12/21
		13/31
		14/41 (Rare Code)
		18/81
		19/91 (Rare Code)
		23/32
		24/42
		26/62
		27/72
		28/82
		29/92
		34/43
		36/63
		38/83 (Rare Code)
		45/54
		46/64
		47/74
		48/84
		49/94
		68/86
		69/96
		78/87
		89/98
	MMPI-2 Content Scales
		Internal Symptomatic Behaviors
		External Aggressive Tendencies
		Negative Self-View
		General Problem Areas Cluster
	MMPI-A Content Scales
	MMPI-2 Harris-Lingoes and Si Subscales
		Scale 2. Depression
		Scale 3. Hysteria
		Scale 4. Psychopathic Deviate
		Scale 6. Paranoia
		Scale 8. Schizophrenia
		Scale 9. Hypomania
		Scale 0. Social Introversion
	MMPI-2 Critical Items
	MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Supplementary Scales
		MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales
		MMPI-A Supplementary Scales
	MMPI-2-RF Interpretation Procedure
		Step 1. Score and Plot the Profile
		Step 2. Determine Profile Validity
		Step 3. Describe Symptoms, Behaviors, and Personality Characteristics from Substantive Scales
		Step 4. Provide Diagnostic Impressions
		Step 5. Elaborate on Treatment Implications and Recommendations
	MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales
		Content Nonresponsiveness Scales
		Overreporting Scales
		Underreporting Scales
	MMPI-2-RF Higher-Order Scales
		Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID)
		Thought Dysfunction (THD)
		Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction (BXD)
	MMPI-2-RF Restructured Clinical Scales
		Demoralization (RCd)
		Somatic Complaints (RC1)
		Low Positive Emotions (RC2)
		Cynicism (RC3)
		Antisocial Behavior (RC4)
		Ideas of Persecution (RC6)
		Dysfunctional Negative Emotions (RC7)
		Aberrant Experiences (RC8)
		Hypomanic Activation (RC9)
	MMPI-2-RF Specific Problem Scales
		Somatic/Cognitive Scales
		Internalizing Scales
		Externalizing Scales
		Interpersonal Scales
	Interest Scales
		Aesthetic-Literary Interests (AES)
		Mechanical-Physical Interests (MEC)
	MMPI-2-RF Personality Psychopathology Five Scales (PSY-5)
		Aggressiveness-Revised (AGGR-r)
		Psychoticism-Revised (PSYC-r)
		Disconstraint-Revised (DISC-r)
		Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism-Revised (NEGE-r)
		Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-Revised (INTR-r)
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 8 Personality Assessment Inventory
	History and Development
	Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Use with Diverse Groups
	Interpretation Procedure
		1. Interpreting Test Validity
		2. Analysis of Critical Items
		3. Full Scale Interpretation
		4. Subscale Interpretation
		5. Configural Interpretation
	Validity Scales
		Inconsistency (ICN)
		Infrequency (INF)
		Negative Impression (NIM, MAL, RDF)
		Positive Impression (PIM, DEF, CDF, ALC Est, DRG Est)
	Clinical Scales
		Somatic Complaints (SOM)
		Anxiety (ANX)
		Anxiety-Related Disorders (ARD)
		Depression (DEP)
		Mania (MAN)
		Paranoia (PAR)
		Schizophrenia (SCZ)
		Borderline Features (BOR)
		Antisocial Features (ANT)
		Alcohol Problems (ALC)
		Drug Problems (DRG)
	Treatment Scales
		Aggression (AGG)
		Suicidal Ideation (SUI)
		Stress (STR)
		Nonsupport (NON)
		Treatment Rejection (RXR)
	Interpersonal Scales
		Dominance (DOM)
		Warmth (WRM)
	Additional Clusters
		Self-Concept
		Interpersonal Style
		Environmental Perception
		Potential for Dangerousness
	Critical Items
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 9 Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
	History and Development
		Development of the Original MCMI
		Development of the MCMI-II
		Development of the MCMI-III
		Development of the MCMI-IV
		Theoretical Considerations
	Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Use with Diverse Groups
	Interpretation Procedure
		1. Determine Profile Validity
		2. Interpret the Personality Disorder Scales
		3. Interpret Clinical Syndrome Scales
		4. Review Noteworthy Responses (Critical Items)
		5. Provide Diagnostic Impressions
		6. Elaborate on Treatment Implications and Recommendations
	Validity Scales
		Invalidity Index (Scale V)
		Inconsistency Index (Scale W)
		Disclosure Index (X)
		Desirability Index (Y)
		Debasement Index (Z)
	Clinical Personality Patterns
		Scale 1: Apathetic-Asocial-Schizoid (AASchd)
		Scale 2A: Shy-Reticent-Avoidant (SRAvoid)
		Scale 2B: Dejected-Forlorn-Melancholic (DFMelan)
		Scale 3: Deferential-Attached-Dependent (DADepn)
		Scale 4A: Sociable-Pleasuring-Histrionic (SPHistr)
		Scale 4B: Ebullient-Exuberant-Turbulent (EETurbu)
		Scale 5: Confident-Egotistic-Narcissistic (CENarc)
		Scale 6A: Aggrandizing-Devious-Antisocial (ADAntis)
		Scale 6B: Assertive-Denigrating-Sadistic (ADSadis)
		Scale 7: Reliable-Constricted-Compulsive (RCComp)
		Scale 8A: Discontented-Resentful-Negativistic (DRNegat)
		Scale 8B: Abused-Aggrieved-Masochistic (AAMasoc)
	Severe Personality Pathology
		Scale S: Eccentric-Schizotypal-Schizophrenic (ESSchizoph)
		Scale C: Unstable-Borderline-Cyclophrenic (UBCycloph)
		Scale P: Mistrustful-Paranoid-Paraphrenic (MPParaph)
	Clinical Syndromes
		Scale A: Generalized Anxiety
		Scale H: Somatic Symptom
		Scale N: Bipolar Spectrum
		Scale D: Persistent Depression
		Scale B: Alcohol Use
		Scale T: Drug Use
		Scale R: Posttraumatic Stress
	Severe Syndromes
		Scale SS: Schizophrenic Spectrum
		Scale CC: Major Depression
		Scale PP: Delusional
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 10 NEO Personality Inventory
	History and Development
	Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Use with Diverse Groups
	Interpretation Procedure
		Individual Scales
		Personality Styles
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 11 The Rorschach
	History and Development
	Reliability and Validity
	Assets and Limitations
	Use with Diverse Groups
	Comprehensive System: Administration
		Step 1: Introducing the Respondent to the Technique
		Step 2: Giving the Testing Instructions
		Step 3: The Response (Association) Phase
		Step 4: Inquiry
	Comprehensive System: Coding
		Location and Developmental Quality
		Determinants, Form Quality, and Organizational Activity
		Content
		Popular Responses
		Special Scores
	Comprehensive System: Scoring the Structural Summary
	Comprehensive System: Interpretation
		Location
		Determinants
		Content
		Special Scores
		Ratios, Percentages, Derivations
	R-PAS: Administration
		Step 1: Establishing Rapport
		Step 2: Giving the Testing Instructions
		Step 3: The Response Phase
		Step 4: The Clarification Phase
	R-PAS: Coding
		Location and Space
		Content
		Object Qualities
		Form Quality
		Popular Responses
		Determinants
		Cognitive Codes
		Thematic Codes
	R-PAS: Scoring the Structural Summary
	R-PAS: Interpretation
		Administration Behaviors and Observations
		Engagement and Cognitive Processing: Page 1
		Perception and Thinking Problems: Page 1
		Stress and Distress: Page 1
		Self and Other Representation: Page 1
		Engagement and Cognitive Processing: Page 2
		Perception and Thinking Problems: Page 2
		Stress and Distress: Page 2
		Self and Other Representation: Page 2
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 12 Screening for Neuropsychological Impairment
	History and Development
	Interviewing for Brain Impairment
	Domains of Neuropsychological Functioning
		Attention
		Language
		Memory
		Visuospatial Functions
		Executive Functions
	Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, Second Edition
		History and Development
		Reliability and Validity
		Assets and Limitations
		Administration
		Scoring
		Interpretation Guidelines
	Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status~Update
		History and Development
		Reliability and Validity
		Assets and Limitations
		Administration
		Interpretation Guidelines
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 13 Brief Instruments for Treatment Planning, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment
	Selecting Brief Instruments
	Symptom Checklist-90-R and Brief Symptom Inventory
		Reliability and Validity
		Use with Diverse Populations
		Interpretation
	Beck Depression Inventory-II
		Reliability and Validity
		Use with Diverse Groups
		Interpretation
	State Trait Anxiety Inventory
		Reliability and Validity
		Use with Diverse Groups
		Interpretation
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 14 Treatment Planning and Clinical Decision Making
	Development and Approaches to Treatment Planning
	Intervention Options
	Clinical Decision Making
	Case Formulation
	Understanding the Problems
		Diagnosis
		Functional Impairment
		Problem Complexity and Chronicity
		Subjective Distress
	Understanding Problem Context
		Coping Style
		Social Support
		Current Life Circumstances
	Treatment-Specific Client Characteristics
		Resistance
		Stage of Change
		Other Client Characteristics
	The Systematic Treatment Selection (STS)/Innerlife Approach
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 15 The Psychological Report
	General Guidelines
		Comprehensiveness
	Feedback
	Format for a Psychological Report
		Referral Question
		Evaluation Procedures
		Background Information (also Referred to as Relevant History)
		Behavioral Observations
		Interpretation and Impressions
		Summary and Recommendations
	Sample Reports
	Recommended Reading
Appendix A Test Publishers/Distributors
Appendix B Testing Organizations
References
Author Index
Subject Index
EULA