Handbook of Positive Youth Development: Advancing Research, Policy, and Practice in Global Contexts

Foreword
Handbook Flyer
About the Handbook
Acknowledgments
Endorsements
Contents
About the Editors and Contributors
Editors
Contributors
Part I: Positive Youth Development in Global Contexts
	Handbook of Positive Youth Development: Advancing the Next Generation of Research, Policy and Practice in Global Contexts
		Positive Youth Development Models Represented in the Current Volume
		Origin, Vision, Organization and Targeted Audience of the Handbook
		Editorial Vision of this Handbook
		Organization and Targeted Audience of the Handbook
			Positive Youth Development in Global Contexts: The Handbook
		Advancing Theory and Knowledge on Positive Youth Development in Global Contexts
		Expand Understanding and Provide Knowledge on PYD Measurement in Globally Under Researched and Neglected Contexts
		Integrate Scholarship on PYD with Relevant Research, Policy and Practice
		Unique Assets and Incremental Contributions to the PYD Field
			Conclusions and Next Steps
		References
	The 7Cs and Developmental Assets Models of Positive Youth Development in India, Indonesia and Pakistan
		Conceptualization and Measurement of PYD
		The 7Cs Model of PYD
		Three Asian LAMICs – India, Indonesia and Pakistan
			This Chapter
		Youth and Emerging Adults from the Three Asian Countries
		The 7Cs Model Test
		The 7Cs, Developmental Assets and Hope
			Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	The 7Cs of Positive Youth Development in Colombia and Peru: A Promising Model for Reduction of Risky Behaviors Among Youth and Emerging Adults
		The 7Cs and Risky Behaviors Among Young People
		The Context of Young People in Colombia and Peru
			The Present Chapter
		Youth and Emerging Adults from Colombia and Peru
		Invariance and Factorial Validity of the 7Cs Model
		The 7Cs as a Promising Model for Reduction of Risky Behaviors Among Youth and Emerging Adults
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Promoting Mindfulness Through the 7Cs of Positive Youth Development in Malaysia
		Promoting Mindfulness Through the 7Cs of Positive Youth Development in Malaysia
			Conceptualization and Measurement of Mindfulness
			Mindfulness and the 7Cs Model of PYD
			The Context of Young People in Malaysia
		The Present Chapter
			Emerging Adults from Malaysia
			Construct Validity of Mindfulness and the 7Cs of PYD
			The 7Cs Promote Mindfulness Among Emerging Adults in Malaysia
		Conclusions
			Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	The Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development and the PATHS Project in Mainland China
		The Five Cs PYD Model in China
		The PATHS and the 15 PYD Constructs
		The PATHS in Mainland China
			The Present Chapter
			The PATHS Program Survey in Mainland China
			Main Findings
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development and Environmental Concerns Among Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana
		PYD and Environmental Concerns
		Environmental Sustainability in Ghana
			The Present Chapter
			Empirical Study of Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana
			Analytical Procedure and Main Findings
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development and the Big Five Personality Traits in Youth from Belize
		Positive Youth Development
		The Relation Between the Big Five and the Five Cs
		The Context of Belize
		The Present Chapter
		An Empirical Example with Youth from Belize
			Analytic Steps
		Main Findings
		Conclusions
			Future Outlook
			Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development in Mexico
		Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors
		Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development
		The Mexican Context
			The Chapter Aims and an Illustrative Empirical Example
		Reliability and Validity of HLBs and the 5Cs of PYD
		Sociodemographic and Economic Determinants of HLBs
		The Importance of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors to the 5Cs of PYD among Mexican Youth
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	The Relationship Between Emerging Adults and their Parents as PYD Promotive Factor in Brazil
		Contextual Aspects: Transition to Adulthood Among Low and High SES Young People in Brazil
		Relational Aspects: Emerging Adulthood and Parental Hierarchy
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Developmental Assets, Academic Achievement and Risky Behaviors Among Albanians in Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia
		Developmental Assets, Academic Achievement and Risky Behaviors
		Albanians in Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia
		Albania
		Kosovo
		Macedonia
		Serbia
		The Present Chapter
		An Empirical Study Among Albanian Youth in Four Balkan Countries
		Analytic Strategy and Main Findings
		Conclusions
		Prospects
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Developmental Assets and Identity Among Emerging Adults in Turkey
		Positive Youth Development, Developmental Assets, and Identity
		The Global and Turkish Contexts of Identity Formation
		The Present Chapter
			Study 1: The Examination of the Links between Developmental Assets and Identity Statuses
		Developmental Assets and Identity Statuses Model Test
		Conclusions on the Developmental Assets and Identity Status Model
			Study 2: The Examination of the Links between Developmental Assets and Identity Dimensions
		Developmental Assets and Identity Dimensions Model Test
		Conclusions on the Developmental Assets and Identity Dimensions Model
		Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Social Support Among Slovene Minority and Italian Majority Youth in Italy: Links with Positive Identity, Social Competence and Academic Achievement
		Developmental Assets Model, Social Support, Identity, Social Competence, and Academic Achievement
			The Slovene-Italian Minority
		This Chapter
		The Slovene Minority and Italian Majority Youth Samples in Italy
		Main Findings
			Confirmatory Factor Analyses
			Model Test of Social Support, Identity, Social Competence and Academic Achievement
		Conclusions
			Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development and Subjective Happiness: Examining the Mediating Role of Gratitude and Optimism in Spanish Emerging Adults
		Positive Youth Development, Subjective Happiness, Gratitude and Optimism
		Positive Youth Development in Spain
		The Present Chapter
		Empirical Example with Emerging Adults in Spain
		Analytic Plan and Main Findings
			Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Correlations
			Multiple Partial Mediation
		Conclusions
			Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development and Resilience Among Youth in Iceland: The Importance of Social Context and Self-Esteem for Life Satisfaction
		Positive Youth Development
		Resilience Among Youth
		The Icelandic Context and Positive Youth Development
			The Present Chapter
			An Empirical Study of Youth in Iceland
			Statistical Analyses and Main Findings
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Parental Support, Peer Support and School Connectedness as Foundations for Student Engagement and Academic Achievement in Australian Youth
		Social Connections and Academic Achievement in the Australian Context
			Psychological Connection to School
			Support from Parents
			Support from Peers
		Links from Support, and School Connectedness, to Student Engagement in Learning
		Links from Support, and School Connectedness, to Academic Achievement, via Students’ Engagement in Learning
			A Study of Australian Student Connectedness, Engagement, and Achievement
			Model Testing
			Support for the Model
		Findings on the Links Between Social Connectedness and Academic Achievement
		Covariates in the Connectedness-Engagement-Achievement Model
		Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development in New Zealand: Relations with Hopeful Expectations for the Future and Life Satisfaction Among Emerging Adults
		The 5Cs, Hopeful Expectations for the Future and Life Satisfaction
		The New Zealand Context
			This Chapter
		The Emerging Adults from New Zealand
			Data Analyses and Main Findings
		Confirmatory Factor Analyses Models
		Model Test of the 5Cs of PYD, Hope and Life Satisfaction
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Country and Gender Differences in Developmental Assets Among Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana and Norway
		Developmental Assets and Nurturing Context
		Country and Gender Influences on Developmental Assets
		The Context in Ghana and Norway
		Ghana
		Norway
			The Present Chapter
			An Empirical Study of Young People in Ghana and Norway
		Analytical Procedure and Main Findings
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development in Bulgaria, Italy, Norway and Romania: Testing the Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the 5Cs Model
		Psychometric Evidence of the 5Cs Model of PYD
		Youth in Context: Bulgaria, Italy, Norway, and Romania
			This Chapter
		Youth Samples in the Four European Countries
			Analytic Plan and Main Findings
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
Part II: Positive Youth Development Applications and Interventions
	International Collaboration in the Study of Positive Youth Development
		Emic and Etic Perspectives on Positive Youth Development
		Within- and Between-Group Differences in Positive Youth Development
		Predictors of Positive Youth Development in Cultural Perspective
		Measurement and Methodological Issues
			Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development in Jamaica: Latent Growth of Self-Efficacy and Youth Assets
		NEET Youth in Jamaica
		Developmental Trajectory for NEET Youth
		Positive Youth Development and the Big 3
		Career Self-Efficacy and Youth Assets
			The Present Chapter
			The Intervention
		Analytical Procedures
			Main Findings
			Conclusions
		Caveats and Prospects
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Leadership Development of Zulu Male Youth in a South African Township
		The South African Context
			How Youth Leadership Is Influenced by Culture and Context
			Youth Leadership and Positive Youth Development
		A Call to Study Youth Leadership Development in South Africa
			Exploring Youth Leadership in Male Zulu Youth
				Participants
				Data Collection and Analyses
				Findings and Conclusions
			Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Social Emotional Learning Program From a Positive Youth Development Perspective in Slovenia
		Theoretical Overlap Between PYD and SEL Models
		PYD and SEL Interventions
		PYD and SEL Interventions in Slovenia
			A Case Study: My FRIENDS SEL Program in Slovenia
			My FRIENDS Evaluation
			My FRIENDS Activity Analyses
		Conclusions
			Prospects
			Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	The Trajectories of Positive Youth Development in Lithuania: Evidence from Community and Intervention Settings
		Developmental Pathways of Positive Youth Development
		PYD Interventions Promoting Positive Change
		The Lithuanian Context
		This Chapter
		The Exploratory Study
		Main Findings
		The Intervention Study
		Main Findings
		Conclusions
		Future Directions
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development Through Student Engagement: Associations with Well-Being
		Components of Student Engagement
		Developmental Trajectories of Student Engagement
		Student Engagement in Different Contexts
		Engagement and Well-Being
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Capitalizing on Classroom Climate to Promote Positive Development
		Research on Classroom Climate
		Classroom Climate: Definition, Measures, and Interventions
		What PD Theories and the Field of Classroom Climate Have to Offer Each Other
		An Illustrative Case: Measuring Classroom Climate in Sweden
		A Research Program on Classroom Climate with Multiple Perspectives: GAVIS
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Youth Participation in the Dream School Program in Norway: An Application of a Logic Model of the Six Cs of Positive Youth Development
		The Norwegian Context and School Setting
		The School Setting Is Important for Empowering Youth
		The Dream School Program Enables PYD
		The Dream School and the Six Cs
		The Impact of the Dream School Program on Youth Participation
		Competence and Character
		Caring and Connection
		Confidence
		Contribution
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	The Cultural Adaptation of Interventions to Promote Positive Development: The Preschool Edition of PATHS® in Sweden
		Positive Development Interventions
		Intervention Cultural Adaptation Field
		An Illustrative Case: A Cultural Adaptation of PD Intervention Preschool PATHS®
		Lessons Learned
		Conclusions
		Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Another Way Out: A Positive Youth Development Approach to the Study of Violent Radicalization in Québec, Canada
		What We Know About Violent Radicalization
		Positive Youth Development and Violent Radicalization
		The Situation in Québec, Canada
		Risk and Protective Factors for Violent Radicalization: A Study Among Youth in Québec
		Surveying Youth in Québec
		Analyses and Main Findings
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Engaging Marginalized Youth in Positive Development: The Changing Lives Program
		The Miami Youth Development Project: The Changing Lives Program in Developmental Context
		A Participatory Transformative Model of PYD Intervention
			Engagement Processes
			Participatory Co-learning Processes
			Transformative Actions
		Group Processes in the Changing Lives Program: Research
			Narrative Case Histories: The ICED Procedure
			Quantitative Analyses: An Outcome Process Evaluation Model
			Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Family Processes and Competence in a Positive Youth Development Context: Perspectives for African American Youth
		Competence: Conceptualization and Role in Youth Development
			Competence in a PYD Context
		Competence Within the 5Cs Model of PYD
		Competence Within of the 40 Developmental Assets Model of PYD
		Youth Competence in the Family Context
		Key Concepts in Family and Youth Competence Literature
		Applying the Specificity Principle to PYD
		Parenting African American Youth across Three Historical Epochs
		Empirical Evidence Linking Parenting Processes and Youth Competence in African American Families
		International Perspectives
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Teaching Mothers and Fathers About How Children Develop: Parenting Knowledge and Practices
		Associations Between Parenting Knowledge, Parenting Practices, and Child Development
			Engagement in Literacy Activities
			Routines in the Home
			Discipline Strategies
		Interventions Targeting Parenting Knowledge
			Parenting Programs
			Education-Only Anticipatory Guidance Interventions
			Culture, Context, and Universal Mechanisms
			Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Promoting Positive Youth Development Through Healthy Middle School Environments
		The Present Chapter
			Approaches to Promote Positive Youth Development in U.S. Middle Schools
			Emerging Approaches to Promote Restorative School Environments
			Research on the Restorative Practices Intervention
			Implementing Positive Youth Development Approaches in Schools
			Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Promoting Positive Youth Development Through Scouting
		Scouting as a High Quality PYD Program
			Scouting Globally
			Scouting in the United States
		Sample Case of the Character and Merit Project (CAMP)
			Developmental Patterns of Character Attributes
			Developmental Processes of Character Attributes
			BSA Methods of Character Promotion
			Promoting Character Development among Unserved and Underserved Youth
			Summary of the CAMP Findings
		Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	Social Change and the Dynamic Family Transmission of Youth Vocational Competence
		Positive Youth Development in the Global Social, Political and Economic Context
		Choose a Job, Choose a Career: Whose Choice Is It Anyway?
		Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
		References
	Positive Youth Development in the Digital Age: Expanding PYD to Include Digital Settings
		The Digital Setting as Part of Modern Youth Development
			Negative Consequences of Digital Media for Youth
			Digital Media as an Avenue for Positive Development
			Current Understanding of PYD and Digital Spaces
		Viewing Digital Settings as PYD Opportunities
			Integrating Digital Experience into PYD Frameworks
			Considerations for PYD Measurement
			Application to Intervention Design and Delivery
			Key Considerations for PYD Interventions in Digital Spaces
			Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	From Prevention and Intervention Research to Promotion of Positive Youth Development: Implications for Global Research, Policy and Practice with Ethnically Diverse Youth
		Positive Youth Development: Theoretical Underpinnings in Resilience and Positive Psychology
			Resilience and PYD
			Contributions of Positive Psychology to PYD Research
		Prevention, Intervention, and PYD
		Taking it to the Streets: PYD and Community Programs
		Broadening PYD: Ethnically Diverse Populations and International Research
			Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
		References
	The Morning Sun Shines Brightly: Positive Youth Development in a Global Context
		Defining Positive Youth Development
			Theme 1: PYD Implies a Systems-Level Perspective
			Theme 2: PYD Includes Both Strength Promotion and Deficit Reduction
			Theme 3: There Is No “Best” Model of PYD
			Theme 4: Defining PYD Requires Specificity
		What Have We Learned About PYD in a Global Context?
			Theme 5: PYD Is Holistic
			Theme 6: Specificity Applies to All Contexts
			Theme 7: We Need to Integrate Etic and Emic Approaches
		Where to Now? Implications for the New Day
		References
Author Index
Subject Index