Handbook of Nanofibers and Nanocomposites: Characteristics, Synthesis, and Applications in Textiles

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Polymer-Based Nanofibers
	1.1: An Introduction to Nanoscale Materials
	1.2: Nanofibers as Promising Materials
	1.3: Fabrication Methods of Nanofibers
		1.3.1: Phase Separation
		1.3.2: Drawing
		1.3.3: Template Synthesis
		1.3.4: Self-Assembly
		1.3.5: Centrifugal Spinning
		1.3.6: Blown Bubble-Spinning
		1.3.7: Electrospinning
		1.3.8: Electro-centrifugal Spinning
	1.4: Different Types of Nanofibrous Structures
		1.4.1: Randomly Oriented Nanofibers
		1.4.2: Aligned Nanofibers
		1.4.3: Porous Nanofibers
		1.4.4: Hollow Nanofibers
	1.5: Nanofibers for Technical Textiles
		1.5.1: Filtration
		1.5.2: Automotive Applications
		1.5.3: Geotextiles
		1.5.4: Medical Textiles
			1.5.4.1: Wound dressing
			1.5.4.2: Tissue-engineered scaffolds
			1.5.4.3: Drug delivery
	1.6: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Chapter 2: Science and Applications of  Polymeric Nanofibers
	2.1: Introduction
	2.2: Polymeric Materials for Nanofibers
	2.3: Production of Nanofibers: Various Techniques
		2.3.1: Drawing
		2.3.2: Spinneret-Based Tunable Engineered Parameters
		2.3.3: Template Synthesis Method of Producing Nanofibers
		2.3.4: Thermally Induced Phase Separation
		2.3.5: Polymer Nanofibers by Molecular Self-Assembly
		2.3.6: Electroconducting Nanofibers: Interfacial Polymerization
		2.3.7: Electrospinning of Nanofibers
			2.3.7.1: Components of the electrospinning process
			2.3.7.2: Different types of nozzles
			2.3.7.3: Needleless spinneret
			2.3.7.4: Electrospinning setups and different collector types
	2.4: Material and Process Variables in Electrospinning
		2.4.1: Material and Process Parameters Affecting Electrospinning
			2.4.1.1: Electrospinning: Effect of material variables
		2.4.2: Effect of Process Variables
		2.4.3: Electrospinning Technology: Mathematical Modeling
			2.4.3.1: Bending instability
	2.5: Applications of Polymeric Nanofibers
		2.5.1: Filtration
		2.5.2: Biomedical Applications
			2.5.2.1: Tissue engineering
			2.5.2.2: Drug delivery
			2.5.2.3: Wound dressing
		2.5.3: Applications in Protective Clothing
		2.5.4: Applications in Energy Storage
		2.5.5: Applications as Nanocomposites
		2.5.6: Environmental Application
		2.5.7: Applications in Sensors
	2.6: Conclusion
Chapter 3: Nanoyarns: Recent Advancements in Production Techniques, Applications, and Future Prospects
	3.1: Introduction
	3.2: Nanofibers’ Timeline and Yarn Production
		3.2.1: Properties of Nanoyarns
	3.3: Nanoyarn Production Techniques
		3.3.1: Nanoyarns via Electrospinning
		3.3.2: Nanoyarns via Centrifugal Spinning
		3.3.3: Nanoyarns via Solution Blowing (Air-Blowing)
	3.4: Applications of Nanoyarns
		3.4.1: Nanoyarns in Tissue Engineering
		3.4.2: Nanoyarns in Drug Delivery
		3.4.3: Nanoyarns in Energy
		3.4.4: Nanoyarns as Sensors
		3.4.5: Future Potential Applications
	3.5: Future Prospects in Nanoyarns
	3.6: Conclusion
Chapter 4: Drug-Loaded Nanofibers: Production Techniques and Release Behaviors
	4.1: Introduction
	4.2: Production Techniques
		4.2.1: Surface Modification
		4.2.2: Blend Electrospinning
		4.2.3: Suspension Electrospinning
		4.2.4: Coaxial Electrospinning
		4.2.5: Emulsion Electrospinning
		4.2.6: Microcapsule Loaded Nanofibers
	4.3: Conclusion
Chapter 5: Textile Applications of Nanofibers  and Nanocomposites
	5.1: Introduction
	5.2: Nanomaterials in Textile Industry
	5.3: Nanotechnology Applications in the Textile Industry
		5.3.1: Nanofinishing
		5.3.2: Nanocoating
		5.3.3: Nanocomposites
	5.4: Functional Nanomaterial Textiles
		5.4.1: UV Protective Textiles
		5.4.2: Flame-Retardant Textiles
		5.4.3: Water- and Oil-Repellent Textiles
		5.4.4: Antimicrobial Textiles
		5.4.5: Wrinkle-Resistant Fabrics
	5.5: Future Prospects
	5.6: Conclusions
Chapter 6: Nanomaterials in Textiles: Performance, Health, and Environmental Aspects
	6.1: Introduction
	6.2: Nanotechnology in Textiles
	6.3: Nanoparticles
		6.3.1: Routes to Incorporating Nanoparticles into Textiles
			6.3.1.1: Application of prepared nanoparticles
			6.3.1.2: In situ preparation
		6.3.2: The Effect of Nanoparticles on the Handle  of Textiles
	6.4: Applications of Nanoparticles in Textiles
		6.4.1: Nanoparticle-Textile Catalysts
		6.4.2: Protecting Textiles from Insect Damage
		6.4.3: Resistance to Dry Soiling
		6.4.4: Self-Cleaning Applications
		6.4.5: UV Protection
		6.4.6: Antimicrobial Applications
		6.4.7: Other Textile Properties
	6.5: Potential Effects of Nanomaterials on Health and the Environment
	6.6: Conclusions
Chapter 7: Overview of Polymer/Metal-Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties, and Their Potential Applications
	7.1: Introduction
	7.2: Synthetic Techniques
		7.2.1: Physical Vapor Deposition
		7.2.2: Thermal Evaporation
		7.2.3: Pulsed Laser Deposition
		7.2.4: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
		7.2.5: Sol-Gel Technique
		7.2.6: Co-precipitation Techniques
		7.2.7: Solvothermal Techniques
		7.2.8: Ex/In situ Formation
			7.2.8.1: Ex situ process
			7.2.8.2: In situ process
		7.2.9: Processing of Polymer/Metal-Oxide Nanocomposites
	7.3: Properties of Polymer/Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites
		7.3.1: Physical, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties
		7.3.2: Thermal and Chemical Properties
		7.3.3: Electrical and Optical Properties
		7.3.4: Biological Properties
	7.4: Applications
	7.5: Conclusions and Future Trends
Chapter 8: Self-Cleaning Nanofinishes and Applications
	8.1: Introduction
	8.2: Inspiration for Self-Cleaning Surface and Historical Development
	8.3: Basic Mechanisms of Self-Cleaning
	8.4: Methodology for Developing the Self-Cleaning Textile Material
		8.4.1: Self-Cleaning Textile Finishing by a Hydrophobic Material
			8.4.1.1: Plasma technology
			8.4.1.2: Electrospinning technology
			8.4.1.3: Sol-gel treatment
			8.4.1.4: Fluorinated polymers
		8.4.2: Self-Cleaning Textile Finishing by Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Nanomaterial
			8.4.2.1: Photocatalyst
			8.4.2.2: Microwaves
			8.4.2.3: Carbon nanotubes
			8.4.2.4: Silver nanoparticles
			8.4.2.5: Colloidal metal oxide
			8.4.2.6: N-halamine
	8.5: Self-Cleaning Finishes on Different Textile Substrates
		8.5.1: Self-Cleaning Cotton Fibers/Fabrics
		8.5.2: Self-Cleaning of Protein Fibers/Fabrics
		8.5.3: Self-Cleaning Polyester Fibers/Fabrics
		8.5.4: Self-Cleaning Modified Cellulose Fibers/Fabrics
	8.6: Evaluation of Self-Cleaning Textiles
	8.7: Applications of Self-Cleaning Textiles
	8.8: Limitations of Self-Cleaning Fabric
	8.9: Conclusion
Index