Handbook of Mineral Spectroscopy: X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra: Volume 1: X-ray Photoelectron Spectra

Cover
Handbook of Mineral Spectroscopy, Volume 1: X-ray Photoelectron Spectra
Copyright
Preface
. Introduction
	Historical background
	Principals of XPS
	The XPS instrument
	Sample preparation
	Experimental procedures
	Other experimental procedures available
	Data analysis
	New developments
	Mineral classification
	References
1. Elements
	Gold Au
	Gold – High Resolution Spectra
	Silver Ag
	Silver – High Resolution Spectra
	Copper Cu
	Copper – High Resolution Spectra
	Platinum Pt
	Platinum – High Resolution Spectra
	Arsenic As
	Arsenic – High Resolution Spectra
	Antimony Sb
	Antimony – High Resolution Spectra
	Bismuth Bi
	Bismuth – High Resolution Spectra
	Sulphur S
	Sulphur – High Resolution Spectra
	Diamond C
	Diamond – High Resolution Spectra
	Graphite C
	Graphite – High Resolution Spectra
2. Sulphides
	Acanthite Ag2S
	Acanthite – High Resolution Spectra
	Chalcocite Cu2S
	Chalcocite – High Resolution Spectra
	Bornite Cu5FeS4
	Bornite – High Resolution Spectra
	Galena PbS
	Galena – High Resolution Spectra
	Pyrrhotite Fe1-xS
	Pyrrhotite – High Resolution Spectra
	Nickeline NiAs
	Nickeline – High Resolution Spectra
	Covellite CuS
	Covellite – High Resolution Spectra
	Cinnabar HgS
	Cinnabar – High Resolution Spectra
	Millerite NiS
	Millerite – High Resolution Spectra
	Sphalerite ZnS
	Sphalerite – High Resolution Spectra
	Realgar AsS
	Realgar – High Resolution Spectra
	Chalcopyrite CuFeS2
	Chalcopyrite – High Resolution Spectra
	Orpiment As2S3
	Orpiment – High Resolution Spectra
	Stibnite Sb2S3
	Stibnite – High Resolution Spectra
	Pyrite FeS2
	Pyrite – High Resolution Spectra
	Molybdenite MoS2
	Molybdenite – High Resolution Spectra
	Skutterudite CoAs2-3
	Skutterudite – High Resolution Spectra
	Marcasite FeS2
	Marcasite – High Resolution Spectra
	Löllingite FeAs2
	Löllingite – High Resolution Spectra
	Arsenopyrite FeAsS
	Arsenopyrite – High Resolution Spectra
	Enargite Cu3AsS4
	Enargite – High Resolution Spectra
	Tetrahedrite (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)12Sb4S13
	Tetrahedrite – High Resolution Spectra
3. Halides
	Halite NaCl
	Halite – High Resolution Spectra
	Sylvite KCl
	Sylvite – High Resolution Spectra
	Fluorite CaF2
	Fluorite – High Resolution Spectra
	Atacamite Cu2Cl(OH)3
	Atacamite – High Resolution Spectra
	Cryolite Na3AlF6
	Cryolite – High Resolution Spectra
4. Oxides and Hydroxides: Oxides
	Oxides
		Cuprite Cu2O
		Cuprite – High Resolution Spectra
		Periclase MgO
		Periclase – High Resolution Spectra
		Corundum Al2O3
		Corundum – High Resolution Spectra
		Hematite Fe2O3
		Hematite – High Resolution Spectra
		Perovskite CaTiO3
		Perovskite – High Resolution Spectra
		Ilmenite FeTiO3
		Ilmenite – High Resolution Spectra
		Rutile TiO2
		Rutile – High Resolution Spectra
		Pyrolusite MnO2
		Pyrolusite – High Resolution Spectra
		Cassiterite SnO2
		Cassiterite – High Resolution Spectra
		Anatase TiO2
		Anatase – High Resolution Spectra
		Brookite TiO2
		Brookite – High Resolution Spectra
		Thorianite ThO2
		Thorianite – High Resolution Spectra
		Gahnite ZnAl2O4
		Gahnite – High Resolution Spectra
		Magnetite Fe2+Fe3+2O4
		Magnetite – High Resolution Spectra
		Franklinite (Zn,Mn2+,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4
		Franklinite – High Resolution Spectra
		Chromite Fe2+Cr2O4
		Chromite – High Resolution Spectra
		Minium Pb2+2Pb4+O4
		Minium – High Resolution Spectra
		Chrysoberyl BeAl2O4
		Chrysoberyl – High Resolution Spectra
		Tantalite-/Columbite- (Fe2+,Mg,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
		Tantalite-/Columbite – High Resolution Spectra
	Hydroxides
		Outline placeholder
			Goethite FeOOH
			Goethite – High Resolution Spectra
			Böhmite AlOOH
			Böhmite – High Resolution Spectra
			Manganite MnOOH
			Manganite – High Resolution Spectra
			Brucite Mg(OH)2
			Brucite – High Resolution Spectra
			Gibbsite Al(OH)3
			Gibbsite – High Resolution Spectra
			Bayerite Al(OH)3
			Bayerite – High Resolution Spectra
			Romanèchite (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
			Romanèchite – High Resolution Spectra
5. Carbonates and Borates: Carbonates
	Borates
		Outline placeholder
			Colemanite Ca2B6O11·5H2O
			Colemanite – High Resolution Spectra
			Kernite Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O
			Kernite – High Resolution Spectra
			Ulexite NaCaB5O6(OH)6·5H2O
			Ulexite – High Resolution Spectra
	Calcite CaCO3
	Calcite – High Resolution Spectra
	Magnesite MgCO3
	Magnesite – High Resolution Spectra
	Siderite FeCO3
	Siderite – High Resolution Spectra
	Rhodochrosite MnCO3
	Rhodochrosite – High Resolution Spectra
	Smithsonite ZnCO3
	Smithsonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Aragonite CaCO3
	Aragonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Witherite BaCO3
	Witherite – High Resolution Spectra
	Strontianite SrCO3
	Strontianite – High Resolution Spectra
	Cerussite PbCO3
	Cerussite – High Resolution Spectra
	Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2
	Dolomite – High Resolution Spectra
	Ankerite CaFe(CO3)2
	Ankerite – High Resolution Spectra
	Kutnohorite Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
	Kutnahorite – High Resolution Spectra
	Natron Na2CO3·10H2O
	Natron – High Resolution Spectra
	Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
	Azurite – High Resolution Spectra
	Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2
	Malachite – High Resolution Spectra
	Hydrotalcite Mg6Al2CO3(OH)16·4H2O
	Hydrotalcite – High Resolution Spectra
6. Sulphates, Chromates, Tungstates, Molybdates
	Barite BaSO4
	Barite – High Resolution Spectra
	Celestine SrSO4
	Celestine – High Resolution Spectra
	Anglesite PbSO4
	Anglesite – High Resolution Spectra
	Anhydrite CaSO4
	Anhydrite – High Resolution Spectra
	Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
	Gypsum – High Resolution Spectra
	Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O
	Epsomite – High Resolution Spectra
	Brochantite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
	Brochantite – High Resolution Spectra
	Alunite K2Al6(SO4)4(OH)12
	Alunite – High Resolution Spectra
	Crocoite PbCrO4
	Crocoite – High Resolution Spectra
	Hübnerite-Ferberite (Mn,Fe)WO4
	Hübnerite-Ferberite – High Resolution Spectra
	Scheelite CaWO4
	Scheelite – High Resolution Spectra
	Wulfenite PbMoO4
	Wulfenite – High Resolution Spectra
	Stolzite PbWO4
	Stolzite – High Resolution Spectra
7. Phosphates Arsenates Vanadates
	Monazite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO4
	Monazite – High Resolution Spectra
	Autunite Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O
	Autunite – High Resolution Spectra
	Vivianite Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O
	Vivianite – High Resolution Spectra
	Erythrite Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O
	Erythrite – High Resolution Spectra
	Annabergite Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O
	Annabergite – High Resolution Spectra
	Amblygonite (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH)
	Amblygonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F)
	Apatite – High Resolution Spectra
	Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl
	Pyromorphite – High Resolution Spectra
	Vanadinite Pb5(VO4)3Cl
	Vanadinite – High Resolution Spectra
	Turquoise CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O
	Turquoise – High Resolution Spectra
8. Nesosilicates
	Willemite ZnSiO4
	Willemite – High Resolution Spectra
	Forsterite-fayalite (Fe,Mg)2SiO4
	Forsterite-fayalite – High Resolution Spectra
	Pyrope-Almandine (Mg,Fe)3Al2(SiO4)3
	Pyrope-Almandine – High Resolution Spectra
	Spessartine Mn3Al2(SiO4)3
	Spessartine – High Resolution Spectra
	Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
	Grossular – High Resolution Spectra
	Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3
	Uvarovite – High Resolution Spectra
	Zircon ZrSiO4
	Zircon – High Resolution Spectra
	Sillimanite Al2SiO5
	Sillimanite – High Resolution Spectra
	Andalusite Al2SiO5
	Andalusite – High Resolution Spectra
	Kyanite Al2SiO5
	Kyanite – High Resolution Spectra
	Topaz Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
	Topaz – High Resolution Spectra
	Titanite CaTiSiO5
	Titanite – High Resolution Spectra
9. Sorosilicates and Cyclosilicates: Sorosilicates
	Sorosilicates
		Melilite (Ca,Na)2(Al,Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)2O7
		Melilite – High Resolution Spectra
		Hemimorphite Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O
		Hemimorphite – High Resolution Spectra
		Ferro-axinite Ca2FeAl2BSi4O15OH
		Ferro-axinite – High Resolution Spectra
		Ferro-axinite – High Resolution Spectra
		Lawsonite CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O
		Lawsonite – High Resolution Spectra
		Clinozoisite Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
		Clinozoisite – High Resolution Spectra
		Epidote Ca2(Fe,Al)Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
		Epidote – High Resolution Spectra
		Piemontite Ca2(Mn,Fe,Al)3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
		Piemontite – High Resolution Spectra
		Piemontite – High Resolution Spectra
		Pumpellyite Ca2(Fe3+/2+,Mg)(Al,Fe)2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O
		Pumpellyite – High Resolution Spectra
		Vesuvianite Ca10Mg2Al4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH)4
		Vesuvianite – High Resolution Spectra
	Cyclo-Silicates
		Outline placeholder
			Beryl Be3Al2Si6O18
			Beryl – High Resolution Spectra
			Cordierite Mg2Al4Si5O18
			Cordierite – High Resolution spectra
			Tourmaline A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
			Tourmaline – High Resolution Spectra
10. Inosilicates
	Enstatite Mg2Si2O6
	Enstatite – High Resolution Spectra
	Diopside CaMgSi2O6
	Diopside – High Resolution Spectra
	Hedenbergite CaFeSi2O6
	Hedenbergite – High Resolution Spectra
	Augite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6
	Augite – High Resolution Spectra
	Augite – High Resolution Spectra
	Johannsenite CaMnSi2O6
	Johannsenite – High Resolution Spectra
	Omphacite (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
	Omphacite – High Resolution Spectra
	Omphacite – High Resolution Spectra
	Jadeite Na(Al,Fe)Si2O6
	Jadeite – High Resolution Spectra
	Jadeite – High Resolution Spectra
	Aegirine NaFeSi2O6
	Aegirine – High Resolution Spectra
	Spodumene LiAlSi2O6
	Spodumene – High Resolution Spectra
	Wollastonite CaSiO3
	Wollastonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Bustamite (Mn,Ca)3Si3O9
	Bustamite – High Resolution Spectra
	Pectolite NaCa2Si3O8OH
	Pectolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Rhodonite MnSiO3
	Rhodonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Cummingtonite Mg7Si8O22(OH)2
	Cummingtonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Anthophyllite Mg7Si8O22(OH)2
	Anthophyllite – High Resolution Spectra
	Gedrite Mg5Al2Si6Al2O22(OH)2
	Gedrite – High Resolution Spectra
	Tremolite Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2
	Tremolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Actinolite Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
	Actinolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Actinolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Hornblende Ca2(Fe,Mg)4(Al,Fe)Si7AlO22(OH)2
	Hornblende – High Resolution Spectra
	Edenite NaCa2Mg5Si7AlO22(OH)2
	Edenite – High Resolution Spectra
	Edenite – High Resolution Spectra
	Pargasite NaCa2Mg4AlSi6Al2O22(OH)2 - Ferropargasite NaCa2Fe4AlSi6Al2O22(OH)2
	Pargasite – High Resolution Spectra
	Pargasite – High Resolution Spectra
	Hastingsite NaCa2Fe4FeSi6Al2O22(OH)2
	Hastingsite – High Resolution Spectra
	Hastingsite – High Resolution Spectra
	Kaersutite NaCa2Mg4TiSi6Al2O23OH
	Kaersutite – High Resolution Spectra
	Kaersutite – High Resolution Spectra
	Richterite Na2CaMg5Si8O22(OH)2
	Richterite – High Resolution Spectra
	Katophorite Na2CaFe4(Al,Fe)Si7AlO22(OH)2
	Katophorite – High Resolution Spectra
	Katophorite – High Resolution Spectra
	Glaucophane Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2
	Glaucophane – High Resolution Spectra
	Riebeckite Na2Fe3Fe2Si8O22(OH)2
	Riebeckite – High Resolution Spectra
	Arfvedsonite NaNa2Fe4FeSi8O22(OH)2
	Arfvedsonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Sapphirine (Mg,Al)8(Al,Si)6O20
	Sapphirine – High Resolution Spectra
11. Phyllo-Silicates
	Dickite Al2Si2O5(OH)4
	Dickite – High Resolution Spectra
	Halloysite Al2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O
	Halloysite – High Resolution Spectra
	Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4
	Kaolinite – High Resolution Spectra
	Nacrite Al2Si2O5(OH)4
	Nacrite – High Resolution Spectra
	Antigorite (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
	Antigorite – High Resolution Spectra
	Lizardite Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
	Lizardite – High Resolution Spectra
	Chrysotile Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
	Chrysotile – High Resolution Spectra
	Pyrophyllite Al2Si4O10(OH)2
	Pyrophyllite – High Resolution Spectra
	Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
	Talc – High Resolution Spectra
	Muscovite KAl2AlSi3O10(OH)2
	Muscovite – High Resolution Spectra
	Paragonite NaAl2AlSi3O10(OH)2
	Paragonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Glauconite K0.8(Al,Fe)1.33(Mg,Fe)0.67Si3.87O10(OH)2
	Glauconite – High Resolution Spectra
	Glauconite – High Resolution Spectra
	Phlogopite KMg3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2
	Phlogopite – High Resolution Spectra
	Biotite K(Fe,Mg)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2
	Biotite – High Resolution Spectra
	Biotite – High Resolution Spectra
	Lepidolite KLi2AlSi4O10F2 – KLi1.5Al1.5Si3O10F2
	Lepidolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Lepidolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Zinnwaldite KLi2AlSi4O10F2 – KFe2AlAl2Si2O10(OH)2
	Zinnwaldite – High Resolution Spectra
	Zinnwaldite – High Resolution Spectra
	Margarite CaAl2Al2Si2O10(OH)2
	Margarite – High Resolution Spectra
	Clintonite CaMg2AlAl3SiO10(OH)2
	Clintonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Illite K0.65Al2Al0.65Si3.35O10(OH)2
	Illite – High Resolution Spectra
	Vermiculite (Mg,Fe,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O
	Vermiculite – High Resolution Spectra
	Beidellite (Na,K,Ca0.5)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O
	Beidellite – High Resolution Spectra
	Montmorillonite (Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O
	Montmorillonite – High Resolution Spectra
	Nontronite Na0.3Fe2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O
	Nontronite – High Resolution Spectra
	Saponite (Ca0.5,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O
	Saponite – High Resolution Spectra
	Hectorite Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2
	Hectorite – High Resolution Spectra
	Clinochlore (Mg,Fe)5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8
	Clinochlore – High Resolution Spectra
	Prehnite Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
	Prehnite – High Resolution Spectra
	Apophyllite-(F,OH) KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O
	Apophyllite-(F,OH) – High Resolution Spectra
	Palygorskite (Mg,Al)2Si4O10OH·4H2O
	Palygorskite – High Resolution Spectra
	Sepiolite Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O
	Sepiolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Cavansite CaVOSi4O10·4H2O
	Cavansite – High Resolution Spectra
12. Tecto-Silicates
	Cristobalite SiO2
	Cristobalite – High Resolution Spectra
	Quartz SiO2
	Quartz – High Resolution Spectra
	Opal SiO2 nH2O
	Opal – High Resolution Spectra
	Orthoclase KAlSi3O8
	Orthoclase – High Resolution Spectra
	Sanidine KAlSi3O8
	Sanidine – High Resolution Spectra
	Hyalophane (K,Ba)Al(Al,Si)3O8
	Hyalophane – High Resolution Spectra
	Microcline KAlSi3O8
	Microcline – High Resolution Spectra
	Albite NaAlSi3O8
	Albite – High Resolution Spectra
	Oligoclase (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8
	Oligoclase – High Resolution Spectra
	Andesine (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8
	Andesine – High Resolution Spectra
	Labradorite (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8
	Labradorite – High Resolution Spectra
	Bytownite (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8
	Bytownite – High Resolution Spectra
	Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8
	Anorthite – High Resolution Spectra
	Nepheline (Na,K)AlSiO4
	Nepheline – High Resolution Spectra
	Leucite KAlSi2O6
	Leucite – High Resolution Spectra
	Sodalite Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2
	Sodalite – High Resolution Spectra
	Haüyne (Na,Ca)4-8Al6Si6(O,S)24(SO4,Cl)1-2
	Haüyne – High Resolution Spectra
	Lazurite (Na,Ca)7-8(Al,Si)12(O,S)24[SO4,Cl2,(OH)2]
	Lazurite – High Resolution Spectra
	Cancrinite Na6Ca2Al6Si6O24(CO3)2
	Cancrinite – High Resolution Spectra
	Analcime NaAlSi2O6·H2O
	Analcime – High Resolution Spectra
	Laumontite Ca4Al8Si16O48·18H2O
	Laumontite – High Resolution Spectra
	Chabazite (Ca0.5,Na)4Al4Si8O24·12H2O
	Chabazite – High Resolution Spectra
	Erionite (Ca0.5,K,Na)8Al10Si26O72·30H2O
	Erionite – High Resolution Spectra
	Gmelinite (Ca,Na2,K2)4Al8Si16O48·22H2O
	Gmelinite – High Resolution Spectra
	Gismondine CaAl2Si2O8·4.5H2O
	Gismondine – High Resolution Spectra
	Harmotome (Ba0.5,Ca0.5,K,Na)5Al5Si11O32·12H2O
	Harmotome – High Resolution Spectra
	Phillipsite (Ca,K,Na)1-2(Si,Al)8O16·6H2O
	Phillipsite – High Resolution Spectra
	Heulandite (Ca0.5,Na,K,Sr0.5)9Al9Si27O72·∼24H2O
	Heulandite – High Resolution Spectra
	Clinoptilolite (Ca0.5,Na,K)6Al6Si30O72·20H2O
	Clinoptilolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Stilbite (Ca0.5,Na,K)9Al9Si27O72·28H2O
	Stilbite – High Resolution Spectra
	Natrolite Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O
	Natrolite – High Resolution Spectra
	Thomsonite-Ca NaCa2Al5Si5O20·6H2O
	Thomsonite-Ca – High Resolution Spectra
	Mordenite (Na2,Ca,K2)4Al8Si40O96·28H2O
	Mordenite – High Resolution Spectra
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Z
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