Handbook of Instruments in Dentistry

Front Cover
Half Title Page
Contributors
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1. Dental Chair
	Definition
	Evolution of Dental Chair
	Types of Dental Chair
	Portable
	Non-Portable
		General Dental Chair
		Kids Dental Chair
		Surgical Dental Chair
	Parts of Dental Chair
		A. Double-articulating headrest back rest
		B. Multi-position armrests
		C. Pilot lamp/dental light
		D. Three way-syringe
		E. Suction tube
		F. Compressed air–water line
		G. Cuspidor
		H. Cavity holder
		I. Instrument tray
		J. Monitor mount tilt and drift
		K. Touchpad chair controls
		L. Operator stools
	General Considerations
	Care and Maintenance
	Chair Position
		Zone Operating Areas
		Patient Positions
		Chair Positions
	Operating Positions
		Right Front Position (7 O’clock)
		Right Position (9 O’clock)
		Right Rear Position (11 O’clock)
		Direct Rear Position (12 O’clock)
	Considerations While Doing Patient
2. Conservative and Endodontic Instruments
	Introduction
	Classification of Instruments
		GV Black’s Classification
		Marzouk Classification
	Parts of Hand Cutting Instruments
		Handle (shaft)
		Shank
		G V Black Classification of Instruments Based on Shank Design
		Blade
	Instrument Nomenclature (According to G V Black)
	Instrument Formula
		Three Number Formula
		Four Number Formula
	Classification of Instruments Based on Their Usage
		Exploratory Instruments
			Mouth Mirror
			Explorers
			Probes
			Tweezers or Dressing Pliers
		Cutting Instruments
			Excavators
			Chisels
			Enamel Hatchet
			Gingival Marginal Trimmer
			Other Cutting Instruments
		Non-Cutting Restorative Instruments
			Cement Spatula
			Plastic Spatula (Agate Spatula)
			Teflon Coated Plastic and Metal Instrument
			Amalgam Carrier
			Condenser
			Carvers
			Burnishers
			Mortar and Pestle
			Glass Slab
			Matrix
				Ivory No. 1 Matrix
				Ivory No. 8 Matrix
				Tofflemire Matrix Retainer: Universal Matrix
				Compound Supported Matrix
				T-Band Matrix
				Precontoured Matrix
				Copper Band Matrix
				Automatrix
				Clear Plastic/Mylar Strips
				Cellophane Strips
				Transparent Plastic Crown Form Matrixes
				Window Matrix
				Tin Foil Matrix
				Preformed Transparent Cervical Matrixes
			Wedges
				Wooden Wedges
				Plastic Wedges
				Light Transmitting Wedges
	Endodontic Instruments
		Classification
		Group I: Hand-Operated Instruments
			Barbed Broaches
			Rasps
			Reamers
			Files
		Engine-Driven Instruments
			Gates-Glidden Drills
			Flexogates
			Peeso Reamers
		Nickel Titanium (NiTi) Endodontic Instruments
			Greater Taper Files (GT Files)
			Protaper Files
			Shaping Files
			Finishing Files
		Instruments Used for Filling Root Canals
			Hand Spreaders
			Finger Spreaders
			Hand Pluggers
			Finger Pluggers
			Lentulo Spirals
		Isolation of Operating Field
			Rubber Dam
		Dental Handpieces and Accessories
			Dental Handpiece
			Handpiece Maintenance
		Rotary Cutting Instruments
		Abrasive Materials Used in Dentistry and Their Uses
3. Prosthodontic Instruments
	Heat Sources
		Bunsen Burner
		Alcohol Torch
	Spatula
		Straight Mixing Spatula
		Curved Mixing Spatula
		Wax Spatula
	Mixing Bowl
		Rubber Bowl
	Prosthodontic Knife
		Plaster Knife
		Wax Knife
	Carver
		Wax Carver
	Impression Trays
		Edentulous Stainless-Steel Stock Tray
		Dentulous Metallic Stainless Steel and Plastic Stock Tray
	Scissors
		Curved Scissor
		Straight Scissor
	Dappen Dish
	Spirit Lamp
	Chip Blower
	Hot Plate
	Porcelain Cup with Lid
	Dental Flask
	Glass Slab and Mixing Spatula
	Glass Plate
	Mixing Pad and Mixing Spatula
	Acrylic Trimmer: Tungsten Carbide
	Sandpaper Mandrel
	Bard Parker Blade and Handle
	Acrylic Trimmer: Mounted Stones
	Rag Wheel
	Gas Torch
	Macintosh Sheet
	Lecron Carver
	Dental Tray
	Patient Bib
	Bib Holder
	Kidney Tray, Procedure Trays
	T-Burnisher
	Face-Bow
		Parts of Face-Bow
			A. U-shaped frame
			B. Condylar rods
			C. Bite fork
			D. Locking device
			E. Orbital pointer with clamp.
	Articulator
		Functions
		Purpose of Articulator
		Uses of an Articulator
		Requirements of an Articulator
		Advantages
		Limitations
		Classification
			Articulator Based on Theory of Occlusion
			Based on Types of Records used for their Adjustment
			Based on Ability to Simulate Jaw Movement
			Based on Adjustability of the Articulator
		Mean Value Articulator
		Components of Articulator
			A. Upper member
			B. Lower member
			C. Incisal guide table
			D. Condylar guidance
			E. Incisal pin
	Surveyor
		Types of Dental Surveyor
			1. Ney surveyor
			2. Jelenko surveyor
			3. Williams surveyor
		Parts Of Dental Surveyor
			1. Horizontal arm
			2. Vertical arm
			3. Surveying arm
			4. Surveying table
			5. Cast holder
			6. Surveying tools
	Dental Handpieces and Accessories
		Dental Handpiece
			Low-Speed Handpiece
			High-Speed Handpiece
			Ultrasonic Handpiece
			Laser Handpiece
			Air-Abrasion Handpiece
			Laboratory Handpiece
		Handpiece Maintenance
			General Considerations
		Rotary Cutting Instruments
			Dental Burs
	Abrasive Materials Used in Dentistry and Their Uses
4. Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Instruments
	Diagnostic instruments
		Mouth mirror
			Uses
		Probes
			Uses
		Laryngoscope
		Otoscope or Auriscope
	Instrument used for picking up sterile instruments
		Cheatle’s Forcep
	Instrument Used for Preparing the Surgical Field
		Rampley’s Swab Holding Forcep
		Collin Tongue Seizing Forcep
	Instrument Used to Maintain A Clean Surgical Field
		Suction Apparatus
			Suction Tubing
		Suction Tip (Frazier, Nuober)
		Red Rubber Catheter
		Suction Catheter
		Towel Clips
	Instrument To Keep The Mouth Open
		Mouth Prop
		Doyen’s and Fergussion’s Mouth Gag
		Heister’s Jaw Opener
	Instruments Used for Injecting Local Anesthetic Agent
		Syringe
			Conventional Aspirating Syringes
			Self-Aspirating Syringe
			Disposable Aspiration Syringe
			Luer-Lok Disposable Type Syringes
			Jet Injectors
		Needles
			Parts Of Needle
				1. Bevel
				2. Shank
				3. Hub
	Instruments Used for Incising the Tissues
		Scalpel
		Dissecting Scissors
		Cautery, Electrocautery
	Flap Reflection Instruments
	Retractors
		Plain Retractors
			Langenback Retractor
			C-Shaped Retractor (Deaver’s Retractor)
			Cat’s Paw Retractor
			Coronoid Retractor
			Seldin’s Retractor
			Obwegessor’s Ramus Retractors
			Condylar Retractor
			Mastoid Retractor
			Malleable Retractor
			Chin Retractor
		Self-Retaining Retractors
			Doyen’s Raspatory (Rib Retractor)
			Tongue Depressor
	Instruments Used For Holding Soft Tissues
		Allis Tissue Forceps
		Babcock’s Tissue Forceps
		Lane’s Tissue Holding Forceps
		Tissue Forceps
		Gland Holding Forceps
		Nerve Hook
		Hemostatic Forceps
			Artery Forceps
			Mosquito Forceps
	Exodontia Armamentarium
		Elevators
			Indications for Use of Elevators
			Rules for Using Elevators
			Parts of Elevator
				Handle
				Shank
				Blade
			Elevators Commonly Used
			Principles of Elevators
				I. Lever principle
				II. Wedge principle
				III. Wheel and axle principle
			Straight Elevators: Coupland Elevator, London Pattern Elevator
			Cryer Elevator
			Winter’s Elevator (Crossbar Elevator)
			Pott’s Elevator
			Winter Axolever Elevator
			London Hospital Pattern Elevator
		Extraction Forceps
			Parts
				Beak
				Hinge
				Handle
			Maxillary Extraction Forceps
				1. Maxillary anterior forceps
				2. Maxillary premolar forceps
				3. Maxillary molar forceps (right and left)
				4. Maxillary third molar forceps
				5. Maxillary cow horn forceps
				6. Bayonet forceps
			Mandibular Forceps
				1. Mandibular Anterior Forceps
				2. Mandibular premolar forceps
				3. Mandibular molar forceps
				4. Mandibular third molar forceps
				5. Mandibular cow horn forceps
	Instrument Used to Remove Pathologic Tissues
		Curette
		Volkmann’s Scoop
		Lister’s Sinus Forceps
	Bone Cutting Instruments
		Rongeur Forceps (Jansen Middleton)
		Miller Colburn Bone File
		Bone Cutter
		Chisel
		Osteotome
		Mallet
		Bone Gouge
		Headpiece and Burs
		Gigli’s Wire Saw
		Rib Shear
		Nasal Rasp
		Spreader (Smith Spreader)
		Fergusson’s Lion Jaw Bone Holding Forceps and Crocodile Bone Holding Forceps
	Armamentarium for Treatment of Maxillofacial Trauma
		Wire
		Hayton William Wire Holder
		Wire Cutter
		Archbar
		Bristow’s Elevator
		Rowe’s Zygomatic Elevator
		Walshams Forceps
		Asch’s Forcep
		Rowe’s Disimpaction Forceps
		Hayton William’s Forceps
		Bone Plates and Screws
			Compression Plates
			Self-Compression Plates
	Instrument for Compression Plating System
		Drill Bit
		Drill Sleeve
		Depth Gauge
		Screwdriver
		Miniplates (Stainless Steel/Titanium Plates)
		Biodegradable Plate and Screws
		Screws
			Lag Screw
			Normal Compression Screw
	Armamentarium for Suturing
		Mayo-Hegar Needle Holder
		Suture Cutting Scissor (Heath’s)
		Skin Hook
	Drains Used in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
		Types of Drains
			Simple Rubber Catheter
			Corrugated Rubber Drain
			Infant Feeding Tube
			Ryle’s Tube
			Foley Catheter
	General Anesthetic Instruments
		Fuller’s Tracheostomy Tube
			Types of Tracheostomy Tube
				1. Metallic
				2. Synthetic
			Different Types of Tracheostomy
			Indications for Emergency Tracheostomy
			Planned tracheostomy in Oral Surgery
		Instrument In Tracheostomy
		Endotracheal Tube
		Magill’s Forcep
		Airway
			Oxygen Mask
			Anesthesia Machine
5. Periodontal Instruments
	Parts of Periodontal Instruments
		a. Blade
		b. Shank
		c. Handle
	Classification of Periodontal Instruments
		a. For supragingival scaling
		b. For subgingival scaling
			Hoe scaler
			Chisels
			Files
			Curettes
		c. Sonic and ultrasonic instruments
		d. Cleaning and polishing instruments
		e. The periodontal endoscope
		f. Periodontal surgical instruments
	Periodontal Probe
		Use of Periodontal Probe
		Classification
			William’s probe
			WHO probe or screening probe
			Marquis color-coded probe
			UNC-15 probe
			Michingan “O” probe
			Naber’s probe
			Maryland moffit
			Thermal probe
			Florida probing system
	Scaling, Root Planning, Curettage Instruments
		Sickle Scaler
		Hoe Scaler
		Chisel Scaler
		Curettes
		QUETIN Furcation Curettes
		Files
	Sonic and Ultrasonic Instruments
	Polishing Instruments
		Rubber Cups
		Bristle
		Dental Tape
		Air Powder Polishing
	Periodontical Surgical Instruments
		Incisional and Excisional Instruments
		Periodontal Knives
		Interdental Knives
		Bard Parker Handles and Surgical Blades
		Surgical Curettes and Sickles
		Periosteal Elevators
		Tissue Forceps
		Surgical Chisels and Hoes
		Surgical Files
		Schluger Periodontal File
		Ochsenbein Chisel
		Reverse action chisel (Rhode’s chisel)
		Hemostats
		Surgical Scissors
		Surgical Nippers
		Needle Holder
		Microsurgical Tissue Pliers and Forceps
	EVA System
6. Orthodontic Instruments
	Introduction
	Classification
	Features of Orthodontic Instruments
	Classification of Orthodontic Instrument
		Separating Pliers or Separator Placing Plier
		Band Forming Instruments
			Band Cutting Scissors
			Mershon Band Pusher
			Nylon Band Seater
			Band Crimping Plier
			Johnson Band Contouring Pliers
			Band Pinching Plier
			Peak Plier
			Double Beak Pliers
		Band Removing Pliers
			Anterior Band Removing Plier
			Oliver Jones Posterior Band Removing Plier
		Bracket Positioning Instrument
			Boons Gauge
			Bracket Positioning Height Gauge
			Bracket Holder
			Orthodontic Bracket Card
			Bracket Removing Plier
			Kurz Lingual Bracket Removing Plier
		Wire Cutting Instruments
			Pin and Ligature Cutter (PLC)
			Pin and Ligature Cutter— Angulated
			Distal End Cutter
			Kurz Distal End Cutter
			Hard Wire Cutter
			Maun’s Heavy Duty Wire Cutters
			Face-bow Bending/Cutting Pliers
		Clasp Forming Instrument
			Adam’s Plier
			Adam’s Clasp Bending Pliers
			Arrow Clasp Bending Pliers
			Arrow Clasp Former
			Adam’s Spring Forming Plier
		Arch Forming Instruments
			Turret
			De La Rosa Contouring Pliers
			Bird Beak Plier
			Standard Light Wire Plier
			Jaraback Light Wire Plier
			Angle Wire Bending Pliers
		Loop Forming Plier
			Nance Loop Forming Pliers
			Loop Tie Back Plier
			Tweed Loop Forming Plier
			Optical Plier
			Young Loop Bending Pliers
			Weingart Universal Pliers
			Universal Plier
			Howe Pliers
			Three Prong Pliers
			Utility Arch Plier
			Rose Torquing Plier
			Ribbon Arch Plier
		Impression Trays
		Cheek Retractors
		Tongue-away Shield
		Tongue Retractor with Saliva Ejector
		Intraoral Mirrors
		Coon Style Ligator
		Ligature Forming Plier
		Mosquito Artery Forceps
		Mathieu Needle Holder
		Straight Shooter Ligature Gun
		Ligature Adjuster and Tucker
		Speedo Ligature Director
		Adjustable Enamel Stripper
		Dontrix Gauge
		Correx Gauge
		Mitchell Trimmer
		Nance Tie Back Plier
		Hook Crimping Plier
		Distal Wire Twister
		Lingual Arch Plier
		Detailing Step Plier
		V-Bending Pliers
		Spiral Blade Saw
		Schumth Measuring Grid
		Tube Converting Plier
7. Miscellaneous Instruments
	Protective Shield for Curing Light
	Disposables
	Fluoride Trays: Disposable
	Laboratory Coat
	Protective Mask
	Protective Glasses/Eye Wear
	Examination Gloves
	Over Gloves
	Nitrile Utility Gloves
	Cassette
	Indicator Tape and Dispensing Unit
	Ultrasonic Cleaning Unit
	Sterilisation of Instruments
	Methods of Sterilization
		Physical Methods
		Chemical Methods
	Dental Radiography Equipment
		Intraoral X-ray Film
		Extraoral X-rays: Cephalometric and Panoramic
		Bite-wing X-ray Tab
		Film Holders: Periapical X-ray
		Film Holder—XCP
		Lead Aprons
		Dental X-ray Unit
		X-ray Safelight
		X-Ray Rack
		X-ray View Laminator
		Digital Intraoral Radiography X-ray Unit
		Intraoral Sensors for Digital Radiography
		Digital Panoramic Imaging Unit and Digital Cephalometric Imaging Unit
	Magnification and Headlamp Illumination
Index
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