Handbook of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine

Preface
Collaborators
Contents
About the Author
Chapter 1: Approach to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
	Welcome to the ICU
		What Is an ICU?
		Historical Development of the ICU
		Economic Impact of the ICU
		Organization of the ICU
	Teamwork
	The Flow Sheet
	The Critically Ill Patient
	System-Oriented Rounds
		Identification
		Major Events Over the Last 24 h
		System Review
		Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) and Ethical Issues
Chapter 2: The Basics of Critical Care
	Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
	The Alveolar Air Equation
	Oxygen Transport
	Mechanical Ventilation
	Hemodynamics
	The Cardiopulmonary Interaction
	Integrated Cardiopulmonary Management Principles
Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Disorders
	Ischemic Heart Disease
		Unstable Angina Pectoris
		Myocardial Infarction
		Cardiac Pacemakers
		Congestive Heart Failure
		Cardiomyopathies
		Myocarditis
		Pericarditis
		Valvular Heart Disease
		Aortic Dissection
		Shock States
		Infective Endocarditis
		Dysrhythmias (See Also Chap. 2)
		Hypertensive Crises
		Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 4: Endocrinologic Disorders
	Adrenal Insufficiency
	Diabetes Insipidus
	Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)
	Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma
	Tight Glycemic Control in the ICU
	Myxedema
	Thyrotoxic Crisis
	Sick Euthyroid Syndrome
	Hypoglycemia
	Pheochromocytoma
Chapter 5: Environmental Disorders
	Burns
	Decompression Illness and Air Embolism
	Electrical Injuries
	Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke
	Hypothermia
	Smoke Inhalation and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
	Scorpion Envenomation
	Snakebite
	Spider Bite
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 6: Gastrointestinal Disorders
	Gastrointestinal Bleeding
	Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
	Fulminant Hepatic Failure and Encephalopathy
	Pancreatitis
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 7: Hematologic Disorders
	Anemia
	Leukopenia
	Thrombocytopenia
	Anticoagulation and Fibrinolysis
	Blood and Blood Product Transfusion
	Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
	Hemolytic Syndromes
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 8: Infectious Diseases
	Pneumonia (Nosocomial)
	Community-Acquired Pneumonia
	Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
	Severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
	Sepsis
	Toxic Shock Syndrome
	Meningitis
	Infections in Patients with AIDS
	Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
	Antimicrobials (See Table 8.8)
	Infectious Diseases: “Pearls” for ICU Care
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 9: Neurologic Disorders
	Brain Death
	Coma
	Intracranial Hypertension
	Cerebrovascular Disease
	Status Epilepticus
	Neuromuscular Disorders
	Delirium in the ICU
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 10: Nutrition
	Aims of Nutritional Support
	Timing of Nutritional Support
	Route of Nutritional Support
	Gastrointestinal Function During Critical Illness
	Nutrient Requirements (Quantity)
	Role of Specific Nutrients (Quality)
	Monitoring Responses to Nutritional Support
	Nutrition for Specific Disease Processes
	Nasoduodenal Feeding Tube Placement
	Recommendations for TPN Use
	Approach to Enteral Feeding
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 11: Critical Care Oncology
	Central Nervous System
	Pulmonary
	Cardiovascular
	Gastroenterology
	Renal/Metabolic
	Hematology
	Chemotherapy-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions
	Immunocompromise
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 12: Critical Care of the Pregnant Patient
	Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
	Prevention
	Amniotic Fluid Embolism
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 13: Pulmonary Disorders
	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
	Asthma
	Pulmonary Embolism
	Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
	Acute Respiratory Failure
	Barotrauma
	Massive Hemoptysis (Life-Threatening Hemoptysis “Previously Called Massive Hemoptysis”)
	Upper Airway Obstruction
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 14: Renal and Fluid–Electrolyte Disorders
	Acid–Base Disturbances
	Acute Renal Failure/Acute Kidney Injury
	Electrolyte Abnormalities
	Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
	Dialysis
	Rhabdomyolysis
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 15: Special Techniques
	Airway Management
	Cardioversion/Defibrillation
	Vascular Access
	Arterial Line
	Pulmonary Artery Catheterization
	Tube Thoracostomy
	Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)
	Pericardiocentesis
	Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH)
	Bronchoscopy
Chapter 16: Toxicology
	General Management
	Acetaminophen
	Alcohol
	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
	Beta-Blockers
	Cocaine
	Cyanide
	Cyclic Antidepressants
	Digoxin
	Narcotics
	Phencyclidine
	Phenytoin
	Salicylates
	Sedatives/Hypnotics
	Theophylline
	Crystal Meth
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 17: Trauma
	Multisystem Trauma
	Head Trauma
	Crush Injury
	Chest Trauma
	Abdominal Trauma
	Multiple Fractures
	Spinal Cord Injury
	Useful Facts and Formulas
Chapter 18: Allergic and Immunologic Emergencies
	Anaphylaxis
	Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (Erythema Multiforme)
	Angioneurotic Laryngeal Edema
Chapter 19: Pharmacologic Agents Commonly Used in the ICU
Chapter 20: Common Laboratory Values in the ICU
Index