Handbook of corrosion engineering

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
About the Author......Page 11
 1.1 The Concept of Corrosion in History......Page 12
 1.2 Visualizing Corrosion Cells......Page 14
 1.3 A Simple Corrosion Model......Page 16
 1.4 Corrosion in Our Daily Life......Page 23
 1.5 Strategic Impact and Cost of Corrosion Damage......Page 28
 1.6 What Corrosion Engineers Do?......Page 31
 References......Page 33
 2.1 Introduction......Page 36
 2.2 Outdoor Atmospheres......Page 38
 2.3 Indoor Atmospheres......Page 40
 2.4 Atmospheric Corrosivity Factors and Their Measurement......Page 42
 2.5 Atmospheric Corrosion Tests......Page 52
 2.6 Prevention and Control......Page 61
 References......Page 72
Chapter 3. Corrosion in Water and Seawater......Page 76
 3.2 Corrosion and Water Quality/Availability......Page 77
 3.3 Types of Water......Page 84
 3.4 Cooling Water Systems......Page 94
 3.5 Steam Generating Systems......Page 99
 3.6 Water Treatment......Page 106
 3.7 Scaling Indices......Page 112
 3.8 Lead Corrosion: Chloride-to-Sulfate Mass Ratio......Page 117
 3.9 Corrosion in Seawater......Page 118
 References......Page 129
Chapter 4. Corrosion in Soils......Page 132
 4.2 Soil Classification......Page 133
 4.3 Soil Parameters Affecting Corrosivity......Page 134
 4.4 Soil Corrosivity Classifications......Page 138
 4.5 Soil Corrosion Cells......Page 140
 4.6 Auxiliary Effects of Corrosion Cells......Page 151
 4.7 Examples of Buried Systems......Page 153
 4.8 Corrosion of Materials Other Than Steel......Page 156
 References......Page 159
 5.1 Introduction......Page 160
 5.2 Degradation of Reinforced Concrete......Page 161
 5.3 Remedial Measures......Page 169
 5.4 Condition Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures......Page 180
 5.5 Other Forms of Concrete Degradation......Page 184
 References......Page 185
Chapter 6. Microorganisms and Biofouling......Page 186
 6.2 Examples of Microbial Corrosion......Page 187
 6.3 Nature of Biofilms......Page 188
 6.4 Biofilm Formation and Growth......Page 190
 6.6 Problems Associated with Biofilms......Page 193
 6.7 Biocorrosion Mechanisms......Page 195
 6.8 Microorganisms Classification......Page 196
 6.9 Monitoring Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion......Page 200
 6.10 Biofilm Control......Page 207
 References......Page 213
Chapter 7. Modeling and Life Prediction......Page 216
 7.2 Early Models (Historical Notes)......Page 217
 7.3 Bottom-Up Corrosion Models......Page 219
 7.4 Top-Down Corrosion Models......Page 237
 7.5 Corrosion Information and Communication Technologies......Page 252
 References......Page 254
 8.1 Introduction......Page 258
 8.2 Mechanisms and Forms of Corrosion Failures......Page 259
 8.3 Investigating Corrosion Failures......Page 345
 References......Page 350
Chapter 9. Corrosion Management, Maintenance, and Inspection......Page 354
 9.1 The Cost of Poor Maintenance......Page 355
 9.2 Corrosion Management Strategies......Page 356
 9.3 The Impact Corrosion Management System......Page 359
 9.4 Maintenance Strategies......Page 365
 9.5 Inspection Strategies......Page 368
 9.6 Industrial Examples......Page 392
 References......Page 422
 10.1 What Is Corrosion Monitoring?......Page 424
 10.2 Corrosion Monitoring Techniques......Page 426
 10.3 Corrosion Monitoring Locations......Page 470
 10.4 Corrosion Monitoring Systems......Page 472
 10.5 Integration in Process Control......Page 473
 10.6 Modeling the Corrosion Monitoring Response......Page 475
 10.7 Probe Design and Selection......Page 476
 References......Page 485
Chapter 11. Engineering Materials: Selection and Design Considerations......Page 488
 11.2 Corrosion Aware Materials Selection......Page 490
 11.3 Selection Compromises......Page 498
 11.4 Materials Selection Road Map......Page 502
 11.5 Basics of Metallurgy......Page 507
 11.6 Engineering Materials......Page 521
 11.7 Design Considerations......Page 650
 References......Page 658
Chapter 12. Protective Coatings......Page 662
 12.1 Types of Coatings......Page 663
 12.2 Why Coatings Fail......Page 664
 12.3 Soluble Salts and Coating Failures......Page 666
 12.4 Economic Aspects of Coatings Selection and Maintenance......Page 670
 12.5 Organic Coatings......Page 673
 12.6 Inorganic (Nonmetallic) Coatings......Page 690
 12.7 Metallic Coatings......Page 698
 12.8 Coating Inspection and Testing......Page 714
 12.9 Surface Preparation......Page 725
 References......Page 731
Chapter 13. Corrosion Inhibitors......Page 734
 13.1 Basic Concepts......Page 735
 13.2 Types of Inhibitors......Page 744
 13.3 Environmental Factors......Page 754
 13.4 Green Inhibitors......Page 767
 13.5 Application Techniques......Page 769
 13.6 Safety Precautions......Page 773
 References......Page 774
Chapter 14. Cathodic Protection (Web Chapter)......Page 802
Appendix A. Periodic Table (Web Only)......Page 860
Appendix B. SI Units Conversion Table (Web Only)......Page 862
Appendix C. Reference Electrodes (Web Only)......Page 867
Appendix D. Chemical Compositions of Engineering Alloys (Web Only)......Page 875
Appendix E. Historical Perspective (Web Only)......Page 898
 A......Page 776
 B......Page 778
 C......Page 779
 E......Page 784
 F......Page 785
 G......Page 786
 H......Page 787
 I......Page 788
 M......Page 789
 N......Page 791
 P......Page 792
 R......Page 795
 S......Page 796
 T......Page 799
 W......Page 800
 Z......Page 801