Handbook of Consumer Nanoproducts

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
Contributors
Part I: Introduction: Consumer Nanoproducts
	1 Consumer Nanoproducts: A Brief Introduction
		Introduction
		Composition of Nanoproducts
		Nanomaterial Function
		CPI Growth
		Some Key Concepts
		Natural Source of Nanoproducts
		Types of Nanoparticles
		Inorganic Nanoparticles
		Metallic Nanoparticles
		Polymer-Based Nanoparticles
		Lipid-Based Nanoparticles
		Conclusion
		References
			Links
	2 Green Nanoproducts: A Far-Reaching Review
		Introduction
		The Aim and Objective of This Study
		The Vast Scientific Doctrine of Nanomaterials and Engineered Nanomaterials
		Green Nanoproducts and the Vast World of Science and Engineering
		Desalination, Membrane Science, and the Future of Global Water Shortage
		Application of Nanotechnology in Groundwater Remediation and Drinking Water Treatment
		Environmental and Energy Sustainability and the Vast Vision for the Future
		Green Nanotechnology, Green Sustainability, and the Visionary Future
		Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Green Nanoproducts
		Recent Scientific Advances in the Field of Nanomaterials
		Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Green Nanotechnology
		The Vast Scientific Sagacity and Scientific Profundity in the Field of Application of Green Nanomaterials in Environmental Pro...
		Arsenic and Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation and the Application of Nanotechnology
		Future Scientific Directions and Futuristic Recommendations of This Study
		Conclusion, Summary, and Vast Scientific Perspectives
		References
			Important Websites
	3 New Consumer Nanoproducts: Modern Perspective
		Introduction
		Innovations and Impacts
		Nanotechnology: Materials Perspective
		Consumer Nanoindustry from Molecular Perspective
		Applications of Nanoproducts (Nps) in the Consumer Industry
		Food Industry
			Silica (SiO2)
			Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles in the Food Industry
			Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) in the Food Industry
			Zinc Oxide (ZnO) in the Food Industry
		Textile Industry
		Consumer Electronics Industry
			Nanotechnology and Its Implications to Electronics Innovation
			Applications of Nanoelectronics R&D stage
		Nanoproducts in Cosmeceutical
			Moisturizers
			Sunscreens
			Anti-Aging Products
			Hair Care
			Skin Cleaning Application
			Lip and Nail Care
			Exposure and Penetration of Nanoparticles to Skin and Body
		Innovations in Nanoconsumer Industry
			Easy-to-Clean Products
			Anti-Graffiti
			Antimicrobial Coating
			Anti-Fingerprint
			Antifog
			Corrosion Protection
			Wear and Tear Protection
			Scratch Resistance
			Tensile Strength
			Insulation
			Photocatalytic Surfaces
			Antireflective Coating
		Nanophotonics and Consumer Industry
		Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanotechnology
			Potential Advantages
			Potential Drawbacks
		Conclusions
		Reference
	4 Consumer Nanoproducts: A New Viewpoint
		Introduction
		Consumer Nanoproducts
			Definition of Consumer Nanoproduct
				Nanomaterials (NMs)
				Nanostructured Materials (NSM)
			History and Characteristics of Consumer Nanoproduct
				Composition and Classification of Nanomaterials
				Sources of Nanomaterials
				Five Nanomaterial Properties
				Range of Products and Applications
			Effects on Health and Environment Safety
				Toxicology Data of Nanomaterials
				Environmental and Human Health Hazard Profile Judging Tools
					NanoRiskCat
					Life Cycle Assessment and Risk Assessment of Nanoproducts (LICARA) nanoSCAN
					The Nano Guidance for Risk Informed Deployment (NanoGRID)
		Database or Inventories on Consumer Nanoproducts
			Consumer Products Inventory (CPI) of Nanotechnology
			The Nanodatabase
			Others
		Marketing of Nanoproducts
		Regulations and ISO Technical Specifications
			GHS and Labeling
			International Organizations
			The Various Expert Committees in USA and European Continent Include
		Conclusion
		Important Websites
		References
Part II: Design and Engineering Technology for Consumer Nanoproducts
	5 Effect of Mechanical Alloying in Polymer/Ceramic Composites
		Introduction
		Polymer Matrix Composites
		Ceramics
			Overview
			Natural Raw Materials
			Classification of Ceramic Matrix Composites
		Nanomaterials
		High-Energy Ball Milling (HEBM)
			Techniques and Methods of HEBM
		HEBM in Polymer-Ceramics Composites
			HEBM in Thermoplastic Matrix Composites
			HEBM in Thermoset Matrix Composites
			HEBM in Polymer Metal Matrix Composites
		Conclusion
		References
	6 Identification and Quantification of Nanomaterials in Consumer Product
		Introduction
		Defining Nanomaterials: What Are Nanomaterials?
		Nanomaterials in Consumer Products
		Potential Health Risk of Nanomaterials
		Sample Preparations
		Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials
			Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
			Surface Charge (Zeta Potential (ζ))
			BET-Surface Area Analysis
			FTIR and UV-Visible Spectroscopy
			X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
			Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
		Conclusions
		References
Part III: Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Polymer Films and Bio-hybrid Polymer Nanofiber
	7 Polymer-Hybrid Nanocomposites Films and Fiber-Based Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		Packaging Products
		Sensor and Actuators
		Electronic Applications
		Biomedical Applications
		Filters and Separators
		Energy Storage and Generation
		Textiles
		Thermal Barriers
		Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shield Materials
		Conclusions
		References
Part IV: Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Polymer Nanocomposites Matrices
	8 Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Polymer Nanocomposites Matrices
		Introduction
		Nanocomposites of Polymer Matrix
		Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites
		Polymer/BaTiO3 Nanocomposites
		Polymer/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanocomposites
		Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
		Polymer Matrices from Sustainable Renewable Sources
			Starch-Based Nanocomposites
			PLA-Based Nanocomposites
			PCL-Based Nanocomposites
		Commercial Nanoproducts
		Conclusions
		References
	9 Polymer Nanocomposites for Futuristic Energy Storage Applications
		Introduction
			Layered Silicates and Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites
			Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid-Based Polymer Electrolytes
			Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Effects on Polymer Electrolytes
		Ionic Transport and Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Liquid-Based P(VdF-HFP)-Layered Silicate Nanocomposite Electrolytes
		Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation Effects on Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposite Electrolytes
		Conclusion
		Important Websites
		References
	10 Metal Organic Framework Nanoparticles-Based Polymeric Membrane for Industrial Mixture Separation
		Introduction
		Factors Affecting the Properties of MOFs
		Methods MOF Incorporating into the Polymer
		Various Applications of MOFs Membranes
			Pervaporation
			Desalination Via Pervaporative Route
		Conclusions and Future Perspectives
		For Further Reading
			Important Websites
			Important Journals
			Important Books
		References
Part V: Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Composites Based on Shape Memory Alloys
	11 Polymer Nanocomposite Matrix-Based Nanoproducts
		Introduction
			Ecofriendly Polymer Nanocomposite (EPN)
			Nanocellulose
			Nanocellulose Applications
		Applications of Nanocellulose in Environment
		Industrial Effluents and Contaminated Waters
		Polymeric Nanomaterials
		Use of Nanomaterials in Environmental Health (Nanoremediation)
		Wood Polymer Nanocomposites
		Bio-based Polymers
		Application of Wood Polymer Nanocomposites
		Conclusion
		References
	12 Polycarbonate Nanocomposites for High Impact Applications
		Introduction
		Vacuum Casting
		Role of Vacuum Pressure in Product Casting
		Mold Materials in Vacuum Casting
			Silicon Rubber Mold in Vacuum Casting
			Epoxy Resin Mould in Vacuum Casting
		Master Model Manufacturing Technique
			Three-Dimensional Printing
			Stereolithography
		Casting Materials in Vacuum Casting
			Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
			Polyurethane
			Polycarbonate
				Fillers in Polycarbonates
					Fly Ash
					Calcium Carbonate
					Montmorillonite
				Fibers in Polycarbonate
					Kevlar Fiber
					Carbon Fiber
					Glass Fiber
					Pineapple Leaf Fiber
				Nanocomposites of Polycarbonate
					Graphene and Graphene Oxide
					Carbon Nanotubes
		Processing Techniques for Manufacturing Polycarbonate Nanocomposites
		Conclusion
		Important Websites
		References
Part VI: Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Bionanoceramics and Bionanocomposites
	13 Nanoproducts Based on Shape Memory Materials
		Introduction
		Shape Memory Composites, an Overview
		Shape Memory Alloy Nanocomposites
		Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites
			Sensor Applications of Shape Memory Materials
		Some Companies with SMP Products
			Guangzhou Manborui Material Technology Co.
			Cornerstone Research Group Co.
			MedShape Co. (https://www.medshape.com)
			Shape Memory Medical (https://www.shapemem.com)
			Shandong Yabin Medical Technology Co. Ltd.
			(http://m.en.crossnt.com/company-374.html)
			Asahi Kasei Corporation (https://www.asahi-kasei.co.jp)
			Changchun Foliaplast Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. (http://foliaplast.globalchemmade.com)
			Composite Technology Development Co. Ltd. (https://www.ctd-materials.com)
			EndoShape Inc.
			Lubrizol Advanced Materials Co. (https://www.lubrizol.com)
			Nanoshel LLC
		References
Part VII: Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Biocompatible Nanopolymers
	14 Bionanoceramic and Bionanocomposite-Based Nanoproducts: Concepts, Processing, and Applications
		Introduction
		Resources
		Plant Resources
		Alginate
		Cellulose
		Animal Resources
		Chitin and Chitosan
		Gelatin
		Starch
		Protein
		Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube
		Polystyrene
		Polyamide
		Polyaniline
		Polyvinyl Alcohol
		Carrageenan
		Applications of Bionanocomposites
		Ceramic
		Nanoceramic
		Preparation of Nanoceramic
		Another Preparation Methods of Nanoceramics
		Calcium
		Conclusion
		References
Part VIII: Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Graphene and Graphene Nanocomposite
	15 Graphene Nanocomposite-Based Nanoproducts for Renewable Energy Application
		Introduction
		Graphene Nanoparticles
		Battery-Powered Vehicles
		Supercapacitors
		Solar Cell Technology
		Fuel Cell Technology
		Conclusion
		References
	16 Graphene Nanocomposite-Based Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		Preparation, Properties, and Importance of Graphene Nanocomposites
			Preparation
			Properties
				Mechanical Property
				Electrical Property
				Thermal Properties
				Biocompatibility
		Graphene Nanocomposite-Based Nanoproducts
			Bio-based Nanoproducts
				Antimicrobials
				Food Packaging
				Fertilizers
				Pesticides
			Sustainable Nanoproducts
				Energy Storage
					Supercapacitors
					Batteries
					Fuel Storage
				Energy Conversion
					Fuel Cells
					Solar Cells
					Water Splitting
			Electronic Nanoproducts
				Piezoelectric Generators
				Transistors
				Integrated Circuits
			Sensors
				Biosensors
				Gas Sensors
				Other Sensors
			Optical Nanoproducts
				Photodetectors
				Polarizers
			Separators
			Environmental Remediation
				Adsorption
				Pollutant Degradation
		Present Challenges and Future Prospect
		Conclusion
		References
	17 Novel Graphene-Based Nanocomposites-Based Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		Applications of Nanoproducts of 3DGPNs
			Nano Products in Energy Storage
			Nano Products in Conducting Applications
			Nano Products in Sensitive Detection
			Nano Products in Environmental Protection
		Conclusions, Challenges, and Perspectives
		References
	18 Graphene-Based Nanoproducts: Applications and the Vast Vision for the Future
		Introduction
		The Aim and Objective of This Study
		What Do You Mean by Graphene-Based Nanoproducts?
		What Do You Mean by Nanomaterials and Engineered Nanomaterials?
		Climate Change and Sustainability
		The Vast Doctrine of Environmental Sustainability and the Vision for the Future
		Recent Scientific Advances in the Field of Application of Graphene-Based Nanoproducts
		Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Environmental Protection and Water and Wastewater Treatment
		Nanomaterials and the Vast World of Environmental Remediation
		Drinking Water Crisis, Heavy Metal and Arsenic Groundwater Remediation, and the Visionary Future
		Sustainable Resource Management and the Domain of Nanotechnology
		Future Research Trends in the Field of Environmental Engineering and Chemical Process Engineering
		Futuristic Vision and Futuristic Flow of Scientific Thoughts
		Conclusion, Summary, and Environmental Perspectives
		References
	19 Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Graphene and Graphene Nanocomposite
		Introduction
			Graphene Nanomaterial
		Graphene Production
		Material Properties
			Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
				Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites
				Polyaniline
				Epoxy
				Polyurethane
				Polystyrene
				Nafion
				PVA
				PVDF
				Poly(3,4-ethyldioxythiophene)
				Polyethylene
				Polycarbonate
				Starch
				Alginate
				Cellulose
				Chitosan
				Gelatin
				Protein
				Nanotubes
				Polyamide
			Fabrication Techniques for Polymer
			Graphene-Nanoparticle Composite
		Synthesis Approaches
			Creative Processes to Modify Graphene
			Suspension/Substrate
		Applications
		Conclusion
		References
	20 Performance of Graphene: A Brief Literature Review on Technologies for Composite Manufacturing
		Introduction
		Preparation of Graphene and Processing for Composite Fabrication
		Graphene Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites and Its Properties
		Graphene Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites and Its Properties
		Graphene Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites and Its Properties
		Conclusions
		References
	21 Consumer Applications of Graphene and Its Composites
		Introduction
		Nanomaterials and Their Importance
		Carbonaceous Nanomaterials and Their Classification
		Properties of Graphene and Its Derivatives
		Processing of Graphene
		Applications of Graphene and Graphene Market
		Graphene-Based Products and Technologies Available in the Market
			Electrical/Electronic/Thermal Applications
			Sports, Safety, and Outdoor Activities
			Sensors
			Audio
			Automobiles
			Textiles/Outfits and Filtration/Membranes
			Biotech
			Coatings, Adhesives, and Oil and Gas Industries
			Energy
			Other Technologies
		Future Prospects of Graphene
		Conclusions
		References
	22 Applications of Graphene and Graphene-Based Nanocomposite for Consumer Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		Graphene in Touch Screen Displays
		Graphene in Wireless Communications
		Graphene in Sports Equipment
		Graphene in Batteries
		Graphene in Automobile Parts
		Graphene Nanocomposites in Packaging Applications
		Graphene in Conductive Inks
		Other Consumer-Based Products Using Graphene or Graphene Nanocomposites
		Conclusion
		URL
		References
Part IX: Consumer Nanoproducts for Biomedical Applications
	23 Nanotechnology Applied to Personalized 3D Dressings for Diabetic Feet
		Introduction
		3D Printing Technology
			Materials
			Applications
		Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine
			Nanomaterials
			Application
		Combination of Technologies
		Market and Marketing
		Conclusions
		References
	24 Consumer Nanoproducts for Biomedical Applications
		Introduction
		Commonly Used Nanomaterials in Biomedical Field
			Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
				Fullerenes
				Graphene
				Nanodiamonds (ND)
				Carbon Quantum Dots
				Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
				Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles (MCNs)
			Metal-Based Nanoparticles
				Metallic NPs
				Bimetallic NPs
				Metal Oxides NPs
			Polymeric Nanoparticles
			Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
			Liposomes
		Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials
			Drug Delivery Vehicles
			Tissue Engineering
			Wound Dressing
			Molecular Imaging
			Theranostics (A Type of Molecular Imaging)
			Biosensors
		Global Market of Nanomedicine
		Conclusion and Future Perspectives
		References
	25 ``Nanosilver´´: A Versatile and New-Generation Nanoproduct in Biomedical Applications
		About the Chapter
		Introduction
		Nanosilver (NS)
		Unique Properties of Nanosilver
			Antibacterial Properties
			Antifungal Properties
			Antiviral Properties
			Anti-inflammatory Properties
		Synthesis Methods of Nanosilver (NS)
			Chemical Method of Synthesis
			Physical Method of Synthesis
			Biological Method of Synthesis
		Mechanisms of Biological Interactions of Nanosilver
		Toxicology of Nanosilver (NS)
		Applications of NS in the Biomedical Field
			Cardiovascular Implants
			Catheters
			Bone Cement
			Wound Dressing
		Conclusion
		References
	26 Synthesis of Biocompatible Chitosan Nanoparticles by Some Greener Methods for Drug Encapsulations
		Introduction
		Bottlenecks of Biomedical Uses of Chitosan
		Strategies of Preparation of Water-Soluble Chitosan Nanoparticles
		Preparation of Water-Soluble Depolymerized Chitosan and Its Derivatives by Some Green Methods
		Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles by Ionic Cross-Linking Using TPP
		Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles by Ionic Cross-Linking Using Bi-carboxylic Acids
		Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles by Reverse Micelle Method
		Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles
		Fluorescence Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles
		Various Methods of Drug Loading onto Chitosan Nanoparticles
			Method of Formation of Ionic Complex Between Drug and CS Nanoparticles
			Method of Spray-Drying Technique
			Method of Emulsification
			Method of Micelle Formation
			Method of Poly-electrolyte Complex Formation
		Summary
		References
	27 Application of Nanoparticles in Medicine
		Introduction
		Drug Delivery and Targeting Therapy
			Neurological Disease Control Using Nanomaterials
			Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Therapeutics
			Nanomaterials for Immunotherapy
				Promotion of Immunogenic Tumor Cell Death
				Ligand Presentation to Immune Cells (Fig. 1)
				Gene Delivery
				Delivering Hydrophobic Compounds
				Delivering Agents to Subcellular Organelles
				Nanoparticles of Mesoporus Silica (MSN)
			The Differences in Treatment Response and Toxicity
			Nanoparticles as Sensors
				The Biobarcode
				The Mechanism of the ``Chemical Nose´´
				Raman Scattering with a Surface Enhancement (SERS)
				Supermagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs)
				Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance (DMR)
				Magnetic NP Relaxation Sensors
				Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
				Microfluidic Device
				Cell Search Device
		Nanoparticles in Imaging
			Chitosan-Encapsulated Au NPs
			ICG-Functionalized Au NPs
		Application of Nanoparticles in Therapy
			Photodynamic Therapy
		Interaction of X-Ray and Gamma Radiations
		Nanomedicine in Market
		Potential Hazards of Nanoparticles
		Conclusion
		References
	28 Characterization of Nanoparticles by FTIR and FTIR-Microscopy
		Introduction
		Principal of FTIR Spectroscopy
			FTIR for Monitoring Molecular Changes in Microorganisms Exposed to Nanoparticles
				Benefits, Drawbacks, and Disadvantages
		FTIR Imaging
			Toxicity of Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Terrestrial Isopods
			Toxicity Tungsten Oxide (WOx) Nanofibers on Digestive Gland Tissue of Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea)
		Final Thoughts
			Subtoxic Exposure to ZnO Nanoparticles on Crustacean Digestive Glands Upon
			Toxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Liver and Kidneys
		Nano-FTIR Spectroscopy
			AFM-IR Spectroscopic Imaging Benefits and Drawbacks
			Close-Loop
			Deliberation
			Nano-FTIR Chemical Mapping of Minerals in Biological Materials
			Deliberation
			Carbonate-Forming Organism
			Subsurface Chemical Nano-Identification
			Probe Single Bacterium
		Synchrotron FTIR
			Synchrotron Macro ATR-FTIR Microspectroscopic Analysis of Silica Nanoparticle-Embedded Polyester Coated Steel Surfaces Subject...
			Synchrotron FTIR Light Reveals Signal Changes of Biofunctionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle Attachment on Salmonella sp.
		Conclusion
		References
			More References
			Websites
	29 Biomedical Applications of Nanozymes: Disease Diagnosis and Therapy
		Introduction
		Applications of Nanozymes
		Application of Nanozymes in Diagnosis
			Imaging
			Immunoassays
			Tumor Theranostics
			Myocardial Infarction
			Glucose and Antioxidant Detection
			Detection of Superoxide Anions
			H2O2 Detection
		Therapeutic Applications of Nanozymes
			Antioxidation and Anti-inflammation Therapy
			Stem Cell Growth
			Gold Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Applications
			Bioorthogonal Chemistry and Living Cells
			Neuroprotection
			Antibacterial Effects
			Tumor Theranostics
			Cardiovascular Medicine
		Factors Affecting the Properties of Nanozymes
		Status and Challenges of Practical Applications of Nanozymes
		Main Websites
		References
	30 Plant-Based Consumer Health Gold Nanoproducts: Benign Nanoformulations for Wound Healing and Treatment of Infections
		Introduction
		Wound and Wound Healing
			Types of Wounds
		Stages of Wound Healing
		Conventional Strategies for Wound Treatment and Healing
		Need of Nanoformulations in Wound Healing
			What Are Nanoparticles?
			Nanoformulations in Wound Healing
			Role of Nanoformulations in Wound Healing
			Metallic Nanoparticles in Wound Healing
		Gold Nanoparticles: Prime Choice in Wound Healing
			Significant Properties of AuNPs over Other Nanoparticles
		General Synthetic Approaches of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
		Conventional Methods of Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
		Plant-Mediated or Phytochemically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles: Green Method of Fabrication
			Advantages of Green Method of Synthesis
			Factors Affecting the Quality of Plant Mediated Nanoparticles
			Steps Involved in the Plant-Mediated or Phytochemically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles
		Biomedical Applications of AuNPs
		Gold Nanoformulations in Wound Healing
		Applications of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Method in Wound Healing
		Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects
		Important Websites
		References
Part X: Consumer Nanoproducts for Food
	31 Consumer Nanoproducts for Food
		Introduction
		Current Status on Food and Agriculture Nanotechnology
			Current Status on Food Nanotechnology
				Food Processing
				Food Packaging
			Current Status in Agriculture Nanotechnology
			Sensors for Environmental Study
			Nanotechnology on Preservation and Shelf Life of Foods
			Nanotechnology and Food Safety
		Regulation of Nanotechnology on Food
		Food and Agriculture Associated Nanoparticles Available in Market
		Consumer Acceptability and Nanotechnology on Food
			Health Implications
			Consumer Safety
		Regulatory Aspect
		Conclusion
		References
	32 Zein-Based Nanoproducts in Nutrition and Food Sectors
		Introduction
			Corn/Maize
			Zein: The Corn Protein
			Zein Processing
			Zein in Food and Non-food Sectors
		Zein-Based Nanoparticles
		Applications of Zein-Based Nanoproducts in Food and Nutritional Sectors
			Food and Nutritional Applications
			Shelf Life Extension of Food
			Micronutrient Encapsulation
			Biodegradable Films
			Sensor Developments
		Conclusions
		References
	33 Nanotechnology: A Revolutionary Approach Toward Food Packaging
		Introduction
		Nanotechnology and Food Packaging
		Efficient Packaging
		Active Packaging
		Smart/Intelligent Packaging
			Detection of Spoilage and Pathogenic Microbes
			Freshness Indicators
			Time-Temperature Indicators (TTIs)
		Consumer Acceptability of Nanotechnology Products in Food Packaging
		Challenges with Nanomaterials
		Role Played by Stakeholders and Regulatory Agencies
		Case Scenario: India
		Conclusion
		References
			Main Websites
	34 Application of Nanotechnology for Encapsulation of Micronutrients
		Introduction
		Core and Wall Materials Utilized During Nanoencapsulation
		Nanoencapsulation Technologies
			Emulsification
			Emulsification/Solvent Evaporation Method
			Supercritical Fluid Method
			Inclusion Complexation
			Coacervation
			Nanoprecipitation or Solvent Displacement
		Drying Methods Used After Nanoencapsulation
		Improvement of Vitamin and Mineral Delivery
		Nanotechnology for Fortification of Vitamins and Minerals
		Nanoapproaches for Improving the Bioavailability of Nutrients
		Safety Issues with Nanoencapsulation
		Main Websites
		References
	35 Nanosensors: Consumer Nanoproducts for the Detection of Adulterants and Toxicants in Food
		Introduction
		Adulterants in Food
			Health Risks Caused Due to Adulteration
			Conventional Methods for Detection of Adulterants
			Drawbacks of Conventional Methods
		Technological Advancements in the Food Sector
		Consumer Nanoproducts
		Merits of Nanotechnology
		Development of Nanotechnology in the Food Sector
		Detection of Adulterants and Toxicants Using Nanoproducts
		References
	36 Plant-Based Nanomaterials: Novel and Highly Effectual Preservatives for Food
		Introduction
		Food and Its Deterioration
		Food Preservation
			Need for Food Preservation
			Tenure of Food Preservation
		Conventional Food Preservation Strategies
		Nanotechnology in Food Science
		Role of Nanotechnology in Food Preservation
			Nanoencapsulation
			Nanoliposomes
			Polymer Nanocomposites
			Edible Coatings
			Essential Oils and Nanoemulsion-Based Coating
		Indirect Methods for Preservation
		Food Packaging and Its Conventional Strategies
		Role of Packaging Material in Food Preservation
		Bio-based Packaging and Their Action in Food Preservation
		Food Processing
		Role of Food Processing in Food Preservation
		Antimicrobial Properties of Plant-Based Nanoparticles Useful in Food Preservation
			Some Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Activity Against Phytopathogens
				Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
				Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs)
				Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
				Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2NPs)
				Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles (CdONPs)
				Copper/Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuNPs/CuONPs)
				Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs)
				Silicon/Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles (SiNPs/SiO2NPs)
				Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2NPs)
				Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs)
		Conclusion
		Important Websites
		References
Part XI: Consumer Nanoproducts for Textile and Packaging
	37 The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Iron Oxide-Based Coating-Based Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		The Chemical and Physical Properties of Iron Oxide
		The Synthesis and Design of Iron Oxide-Based Nanoparticles
		Physical-Based Synthesis Methods
		Chemical-Based Synthesis Methods
		Biological-Based Synthesis Methods
		The Characterization of Iron Oxide-Based Nanoparticles
		Functionalization of Iron Oxide-Based Nanoparticles
		Applications of Iron Oxide-Based Nanoparticles
		Conclusion
		References
	38 Skin Substitute: An Eco-friendly and Nano-Based Transdermal Wound Dressing Material
		Introduction
		Wound Healing
		Common Types of Wounds
		Phases of Wound Healing
		Factors Affecting Wound Healing
		Intrinsic Factors
		Extrinsic Factors
		Nanotechnology
		Bottom- up Approach
		Top-down Approach
		Micro-Nano
		Introduction and History of Silver Nanoparticles
		Properties and Application of Silver Nanoparticles
			Diameter, Surface Area and Volume
			Shape and Crystallinity
			Nanoparticle Surface
			Particle Stability
			Surface Chemistry and Functionalization
			Measuring SNP Concentration
			Types of Silver in the Term of Nano
		Methods of Synthesizing Nanoparticles
			Characterization and Application
			Transdermal Drug Delivery System
			Administration of Drug
			Advantages and Limitation of Transdermal Drug Delivery
			Characteristics of Several Drug Permeation through Transdermal
			Transdermal Film
			Technologies for Development
		Polymer Membrane Permeation-Controlled TDDS
			Polymer Matrix Diffusion-Controlled TDDS
			Drug Reservoir Gradient-Controlled TDDS
			Microreservoir Dissolution-Controlled TDDS
			Types of Transdermal Films
			Multiple-Layer Drug Adhesive
		Drug Reservoir in Adhesive
		Drug Matrix in Adhesive
			Drug Delivery Routes
				Skin Permeation
			Methods of Skin Penetration
			Basic Components Required for Transdermal Dressing Material
		Characteristics of Polymer Selection
		Characteristics of Drugs
		Properties that Need to Be Considered
		Conclusion
		Reference
	39 Starch Based Bio-nanocomposites :  Modern and Benign Materials in Food Packaging Industry
		Introduction
		Conventional Food Strategies
			Metals and Alloys in Food Packaging
				Aluminum
				Aluminum Foil
				Aluminum Cans
				Steel
			Plastics
			Glass
			Paper
				Different Types of Paper Employed in Food Industries
		Shortcomings of Conventional Food Packaging Materials
			Metals
			Plastics
			Glass
			Wood
			Paper
		Starch
		Why Starch Is Used as a Packaging Material?
		Different Types of Starch-Based Films
		Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)
			Starch Plasticizers
		Modification of Starch
			Chemically Modified Starch
				Methods of Chemical Modification
			Physical Modification of Starch
			Enzymatic Modification of Starch
		Various Properties of Thermoplastics and Composites Needed for Food Packaging (Fig. 12)
			Biodegradable
			Barrier Property
				Water Barrier
				Oxygen Barrier
				Carbon Dioxide Barrier
				Light Barrier
			Mechanical Property
			Thermal Property
		Conclusion and Future Perspectives
		Important Websites
		References
	40 Wrinkle-Resistant Fabrics: Nanotechnology in Modern Textiles
		Introduction
		Conventional Methods
			Formaldehyde-Based Reagents
			Non-formaldehyde-Based Reagents
		Nanomaterials in Anti-wrinkling Finishing
			Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles
			Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles
			Carbon Nanotubes
			Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
			Chitosan Nanoparticles
			Silica (SiO2) Nanoparticles
		Multifunctional Finishing
		Environmental Impact of Use of Nanomaterials
		Conclusion
		Important Websites
		References
Part XII: Consumer Nanoproducts for Cosmetics
	41 Consumer Nanoproducts for Cosmetics
		Introduction
		Nanotechnology-Based Delivery Systems
			Nanoemulsions
			Liposomes
			Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
			Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
			Nanosponges
			Nanocrystals
			Nanocapsules
			Nanodiamonds
			Nanopigments
			Nanofibers
		Nanocosmetic Products
			Nanoform Shampoos and Conditioners
			Nanoform Hair Color Products
			Nanoform Toothpastes
			Nanoform Anti-wrinkle Creams
			Nanoform Anti-cellulite Creams
			Nanoform Skin Whitening Products
			Nanoform Moisturizers and Cleansers
			Nanoform Deodorants
			Nanoform Soaps
			Nanoform Sunscreens
			Nanoform Perfumes
			Nanoform Nail Polishes
			Nanoform Lipsticks
			Nano-Based Hair Growth and Removal Products
			Miscellaneous Nanocosmetics
		Safety Assessment of Nanoproducts
		Regulatory Aspects of Nanocosmetics
		Conclusion
		Web References
		References
	42 Nanocosmetics: Opportunities and Risks
		Introduction
		Nanomaterials/Nanocarrier Used in Cosmetics
			Liposomes
			Nanoemulsions
			Nanocapsules
			Niosomes
			Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
			Dendrimers
			Hydrogels
			Fullerenes
		Application of Nanomaterials/Nanocarriers in Different Types of Cosmetic Products
			Skin Care
			Lip Care
			Hair Care
			Oral Care
		Toxic Effect of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics
		Conclusions
		References
	43 Role of Nanotechnology in Cosmeceuticals
		Introduction
		Current Nanotechnology in Cosmeceuticals: Synthesis and Applications
			Synthesis and Applications
			Nanodiamonds
			Nanoemulsions
			Nanosomes
			Nanoliposomes
			Metallic Nanomaterials
			Polymeric Nanomaterials
			Silica Nanoparticles
			Nanocrystals
			Micellar Nanoparticles
			Nanopigments
			Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLNs)
			Buckyball
		Impacts of Nanotechnology-Based Cosmeceuticals
			Environmental Impacts
			Health Impacts
			Others
		Sustainability of Nanotechnology in Cosmeceuticals
		Works Cited
	44 Nanobiotechnology-Based Anti-aging Products
		Introduction
		Main Text
			Nano-cosmetics on the Skin
			Safety and Efficacy of Nanobiotechnology-Based Cosmetic Products
			Commercial Nanobiotechnology Products
		Conclusion
		Important Websites
		References
	45 Nanocosmeceuticals: Novel and Advanced Self-Care Materials
		Introduction
		Major Classes of Cosmeceuticals
		Progress in Nanotechnology
		Nanotechnology-Based Cosmeceuticals: Novel and Advanced Self-Care Materials
			Carbon Nanotubes
			Dendrimers
			Cerium Oxide (CeO)
			Fullerenes/Buckyballs
			Gold Nanoparticles
			Liposomes
			Nanocapsules
			Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
			Nanoemulsions
			Quantum Dots
			Silica Nanoparticles
			Silver Nanoparticles
			Titanium Dioxide
			Zinc Oxide
			Nanocrystals
		Routes of Exposure to Nanoparticles
		Regulations for Nanocosmeceuticals
		Demerits of Nanocosmeceuticals
		Conclusion and Future Outlooks
		Important Websites
		References
	46 Advancing of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Cosmetic Applications
		Introduction
		Preparation of ZnO Nanomaterials
		Structure Analysis of ZnO Nanomaterials
		Features of Human Skin and Role of ZnO Nanoparticles
			Structure of Skin Blockade Characteristics of Human
		Permeability of Human Skin
		Light Interaction with Human Skin
		Ultraviolet Attenuation of ZnO Nanoparticles
		Effectiveness and Safety on Sunscreen
		Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles
		Applications of Inorganic ZnO Nanomaterial in Cosmetics
		Conclusion
		References
	47 Utilization of Consumer Nanoproducts for Cosmetics and Their Impacts
		Introduction
		Types of Nanoproducts Used in the Cosmetic Industry (Fig. 1)
			Nanocrystals
				Brief Description
				Properties
			Hydrogels
				Brief Description
				Properties
				Uses
			Nanocapsules
				Brief Description
				Preparation
				Uses
			Nanoemulsions
				Brief Description
				Preparation
				Properties
				Uses
			Dendrimers
				Brief Description
				Properties
				Uses
			Cubosomes
				Brief Description
				Properties
				Uses
			Bucky Balls
				Brief Description
				Preparation
				Properties
				Uses
			Carbon Nanotubes
				Brief Description
				Preparation
				Uses
				Advantages
			Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
				Brief Description
				Preparation
				Properties
				Uses
				Advantages
			Liposomes
				Brief Description
				Preparation
				Properties
				Uses
			Niosomes
				Brief Description
				Properties
			Polymerosomes
				Brief Description
				Properties
				Uses
			Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide
				Brief Description
				Properties
				Uses
		Cosmetic Products
			Skin
				Structure of Skin
				Some of the Major Functions Are
				Penetration of Nanoparticles in the Skin
				Penetration of Quantum Dots
				UV Radiation and Its Effects on the Skin
				Applications
			Hair care
				Structure of Hair
					Hair Problems
					Haircare Through Nanocosmetics
			Nail Care
			Lip Care
			Deodorants
			Perfumes
		Commonly Used Nanoparticles in Cosmetics and Efficacy of Herbal Nanocosmeceuticals
		Health, Safety, and Environmental Impacts
		Conclusion
		References
			Further Reading
Part XIII: Consumer Nanoproducts for Environment
	48 Nanoproducts: Biomedical, Environmental, and Energy Applications
		Introduction
		Nanoproducts
		Nanoproducts: Biomedical Applications
		Nanoproducts: Environmental Applications
		Nanoproducts: Agricultural Applications
		Nanoproducts: Energy Applications
		Conclusions
		References
	49 Composite Nanocoatings for Environmental Remediation
		Introduction
		Nanocomposite Coatings
		Nanocomposite Coating Methods
			Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
			Electrodeposition
			Spray Coatings
			Other Wet chemical Synthesis
		Applications of Nanocomposite Coating in Environmental Cleanup
			Air Quality Monitoring
			Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment
		Future Perspective and Conclusion
		References
	50 Biomass-Based Carbon Materials for Heavy Metal Removal
		Introduction
		Carbon and Its Allotropes
		Activated Carbon
		Sources of Activated Carbon
		Activated Carbon Production and Activation
		Classification of Activated Carbon Based on Pore Size
		Adsorption Mechanism in Activated Carbon
		Evaluation of Property of Activated Carbon
		Heavy Metal Classification, Properties, and Their Sources
		Effect of Heavy Metals in the Environment
		Heavy Metal Remediation
		Conclusion
		References
	51 Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards of Nanomaterials in Construction Sites
		Introduction
		Human Health Risk Assessment Using Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Technique (HIRA)
			Basic Mitigation Measures for the Workers
			Control Strategies
			Green Alternatives
		Environmental Hazards of Nanomaterials
			Assessment of Nanoparticles in Air
			Assessment of Nanoparticles in Water
			Assessment of Nanoparticles in Soil
			Life Cycle Risk Assessment
		Conclusion
		Important Websites
		References
	52 Consumer Nanoproducts for Environment
		Introduction
		Environmental Benefits from Nanoproducts
			Application of Green Nanotechnology in Energy Generation and Conservation
			Application of Green Nanotechnology in Water Treatment
			Application of Green Nanotechnology in Environmental Remediation: Nano-remediation
			Application of Nanotechnology in Sensing and Monitoring: Nanocontact Sensors
			Application of Green Nanotechnology in Manufacturing, Waste Reduction, and Pollution Prevention
			Application of Green Nanotechnology: An Unexplored Horizon
		Environmental Harms Caused by Nanoproducts
			Nanotoxicology: The Emerging Challenges and Call for Safer Nanomaterial Design
			Threats Posed by Nanoproducts to the Environment
				Properties of Nanoparticles and Related Issues
				Interaction of Nanoproducts with Humans and the Environment: Potential Hazards
			Nano Waste Management: Challenges Posed by Nanoparticles and Recommended Waste Disposal Practices
				Disposal Procedures for Nano Wastes
				Importance of Raising Public Awareness Regarding Nano Waste Management
				Application of Nanoproducts and Related Consumer Awareness
		Conclusion
		Useful Websites
		References
	53 Bio-nanocomposites for Modern Agricultural Applications
		Introduction
		Bio-nanocomposites
			Bio-nanocomposite Properties
				Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites
			Bio-nanocomposites as Controlled-Release Systems for Agrochemicals
				Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites as Controlled-Release Systems for Agrochemicals
		Nanotechnology-Based Agroproducts Challenges
			Commercial and Emerging Nanoproducts
			Nanotoxicity and Environmental Safety
			Regulation and Legislation
			Public Awareness and Acceptance
		Conclusion
		References
	54 Consumer Nanoproducts and Environmental Engineering Science: Critical Overview
		Introduction
		The Vision of the Study
		Environmental and Energy Sustainability and the Visionary Future
		What Do You Mean by Consumer Nanoproducts?
		The Scientific Doctrine of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
		Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Consumer Nanoproducts
		Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Environmental Pollution Control
		The Scientific Sagacity and the Scientific Innovations in the Field of Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation
		Arsenic Groundwater Contamination, Scientific Vision, and the March of Science
		Application of Consumer Nanoproducts in Environmental Pollution Control
		Future Recommendations of This Study and the Future of Nanotechnology
		Conclusion, Summary, and Scientific Perspectives
		References
			Important Websites
	55 Toxicological Perspectives and Environmental Risks of Consumer Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		Consumer Nanoproducts
		Classes of Nanoparticles
		Modes of Entry of Nanoparticles
			Modes of Entry of Nanoparticles in Soil and Plants
			Modes of Entry of Nanoparticles in Animals and Humans
		Effects of NPs on Terrestrial Ecosystem
			Effects of NPs on Crops
			Effects of NPs on Humans and Other Animals
				Effects of NPs on the Skin
				Effects of NPs on the Brain
		Toxic Effects of NPs on Aquatic Ecosystem
			Toxic Effects of NPs on Aquatic Plants and Algae
			Toxic Effects of NPs on Aquatic Microbes
			Toxic Effects of NPs on Aquatic Animals
		Toxicity of Some Widely Used Nanoparticles
			Toxicological Effects of Gold Nanoparticles
				Gold Nanoparticles Inside the Cells
				Mode of Exposure to Gold Nanoparticles
				Factors Affecting Toxicity of Gold Nanoparticles
				Reducing Toxicity of Gold Nanoparticles
			Toxicological Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
				Neurotoxicity
				Aquatic Nanotoxicity
				Respiratory Toxicity
			Toxicological Effects of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
			Toxicological Effects of Silver Nanoparticles
				Antimicrobial Uses and Antimicrobial Resistances of Silver Nanoparticles
		Management Strategies
			Methods for Risk Management
			Traditional Risk Assessment (RA)
		Hazard Assessment for Nanoproducts
			Dose Metric
			Target Tissue
			Physical Chemical Properties
			Challenges for Nanospecific Risk Assessment
			Methods to Decrease Toxicity in Plants
		Conclusion and Future Outlook
		Important Websites
		References
	56 Consumer Nanoproducts Based on Polymer Nanocomposites for Food Packaging
		Introduction
		Polymers Matrices for Packaging Applications
			Conventional Plastics
			Biodegradable Polymers
		Nanotechnology in Food Packaging
			Nanoclay or Nano-Layered Silicate
			Cellulose Nanocrystals or Nanofibrils
			Chitin Nanowhiskers
			Lignin Nanoparticles
			Carbon Nanotubes
			Inorganic Nanoparticles
		Applications of Nano-Packaging
			Improved Packaging
			Active Packaging
			Intelligent/Smart Packaging
		Safety Issues of Nanoparticles in Food Packaging
		Conclusion
		References
	57 Consumer Nanocomposites for Environmental Pollution Control: A Far-Reaching Review
		Introduction
		The Aim and Objective of This Study
		What Do You Mean by Nanocomposites?
		The Scientific Doctrine of the Science of Environmental Protection
		Significant Scientific Research Pursuit in the Field of Nanocomposites and Composite Science
		Significant Scientific Research Pursuit in the Field of Nanotechnology
		Significant Research Pursuit in the Field of Nanomaterials and Engineered Nanomaterials
		The Status of Groundwater and Drinking Water Treatment in the Global Scenario
		Groundwater Remediation and Nanocomposites
		Nanotechnology: The Scientific Vision and the Scientific Sagacity
		Environmental Sustainability, Environmental Protection, and the Challenges of Civilization
		The Science of Arsenic and Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation
		The Sagacity of Science, Scientific Comprehension, and the March of Modern Science
		Future Recommendations of This Study and Future Flow of Scientific Thoughts
		Conclusion, Outlook, and Scientific Perspectives
		References
			Important Websites for Reference
	58 Environmental Aspect on Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		Nanoparticles and Their Properties
		Nanoclays
			Removal of Water Pollutants
			Removal of Gaseous Pollutants
			Large-Scale Application
		Nanotubes
			Removal of Heavy Metals
			Removal of Organic Water Pollutants
			Large-Scale Applications
		Paper Towel
		Self-Cleaning Glass
		Solar Active Cloth
		Transparent Polyurethane Nanofiber Air Filter
		Nanocontact Sensor
		MoS2 Sponge
		MoS2 Nanopores
		Zeolite Cotton
		Future Perspective
		Conclusion
		References
			URL
Part XIV: Advanced Consumer Nanoproducts (Waterborne Paints, Adhesives, Coatings, and Dispersible Lattices)
	59 Silver-Nanoparticle-Embedded Antimicrobial Paints
		Introduction
		Ag-Nanoparticle-Embedded Paints
		Environmental Impact of the AgNPs
		Conclusion
		References
	60 Eco-friendly Nanostructured Materials for Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Basins
		Introduction
		Arsenic in Water Bodies: Occurrence, Sources, and Toxicity
			Occurrence and Environmental Mobility of Arsenic
			Health Effects Due to Arsenic Exposure
		Mechanisms for Arsenic Removal from Water Basins
		Nanostructured Materials (NSM)
			Classification
				Carbon-Based Nanostructured Materials
				Iron Oxide-Based Nanostructured Materials
				Superparamagnetic Nanostructured Materials
				Titanium-Based Nanostructured Materials
				Nanostructured Materials Based on Minerals
				Metal-Based Nanostructured Materials
				Hybrid Nanostructured Materials
				Other Nanostructured Materials
			Nanostructured Materials for Arsenic Removal: Applications
		Outlook
		Conclusion
		References
Part XV: Safety Risk, ELSI, and Economics of Consumer Nanoproducts
	61 Nanoproducts and Legal Aspects of Consumer Protections: An Evaluation
		Introduction
		Consumer, Goods, and Products: Conceptual Analysis
		Nanotechnologies in Consumer Products: Prospects and Concerns
		Consumer Protection: A Theoretical Overview
		Consumer Nanoproduct and UN Consumer Protection Guidelines
			Nanotechnologies and Consumer Basic needs
			Vulnerable Consumers in the Nano-age
			Consumers´ Right to Information
			Consumer Rights to Education
			Consumer Dispute Resolution and Redress Mechanisms
		Consumer Nanoproducts and International Organizations
		Nanoproducts and Consumer Protection: An Evaluation
		Conclusion
		References
Part XVI: Green and Sustainable Future with Consumer Nanoproducts
	62 Sustainable Future with Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		The Vision of the Study
		Scope
		What Do You Mean by Nanoproducts?
		Environmental Sustainability and a Vision for the Future
		Drinking Water Treatment and Industrial Wastewater Treatment
			Integrated Water Resource Management and Wastewater Management
		Application of Nanoproducts in the Effective Implementation of Environmental Sustainability
		Recent Scientific Research Pursuit in the Field of Nanoproducts
		Advanced Oxidation Processes, Nanomaterials, and Environmental Protection
		Novel Separation Processes and Membrane Science
		Recent Scientific Forays in Environmental Protection
		Arsenic Groundwater Remediation and Its Scientific Vision
		The Futuristic Challenges in Application of Nanoproducts
		Future Research Directions in the Field of Nanoproducts
		Sustainable Development Goals and the Vision for the Future
		Environmental and Energy Sustainability and Scientific Sagacity
		Future Recommendations and Futuristic Flow of Thoughts
		Conclusion
		Important Websites for Reference
		References
	63 Green and Sustainable Approaches of Nanoparticles
		Introduction
		Discussion
			Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials
			Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials
				Green Approaches of Monometallic Nanoparticles
				Green Approaches of Bimetallic Nanoparticles
				Green Approaches of Trimetallic Nanoparticles
		Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications
			Solar Cells
			Water Purification
			Air Pollution
			Heavy Metal Adsorption
		Conclusion and Future Perspective
		Related Web Links
		References
	64 Green and Sustainable Future with Consumer Nanoproducts
		Introduction
		How to Make Green Nanomaterial Sustainable?
			Natural, Renewable Sources of Reducing Agents
			Natural Sources as Precursors for Carbon Nanomaterials [28]
			Green Processing
			Ongoing Challenges [35]
		Green Nanotechnology: A Way to Change the Future
		Nanomanufacturing Methods and Environmental Concerns
		Industrial Ecology and LCA
		Energy Intensity of Carbon Nanofibers and Nanoparticles
		Conclusion
		Important Websites About the Topic
		References
	65 Nanocarriers for Antioxidant Cosmetic Products
		Introduction
		Penetration of Active Compounds into the Skin
		Natural and Biodegradable Polymers as Vehicles for Antioxidant Active Ingredients in Skin Care
			Antioxidants for Skin Care Cosmetic Products
			Delivery Systems for Natural Antioxidants
				Nanocarriers for Resveratrol Delivery
				Nanocarriers for Vitamin Delivery
				Nanocarriers for Quercetin Delivery
				Nanocarriers for Coenzyme Q10 Delivery
				Nanocarriers for Other Antioxidants
		Commercial Skin Care Products with Antioxidant Properties
		Conclusions and Final Remarks
		References
Part XVII: Conclusion
	66 Consumer Nanoproducts in Antimicrobial Application
		Introduction
		Metallic Nanoproducts: Method of Synthesis
			Laser Ablation in Liquid
			Wet Chemical Method for Nanoparticle Production
		Mechanism of Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Agent
			Entering the Cell
			Reactive Oxidative Species(ROS) Generation
			Protein Inactivation and DNA Destruction
		Detection Methods of NPs
			Viable Plate Count Method
			Disk Diffusion Method
			Estimating Bacterial Numbers by Indirect Methods
		Different Types of NPs and Their Action
			Silver Nanoparticles
			Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
			Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
			Copper Nanoparticles
			Gold Nanoparticles
			Other Metallic Nanoparticles
		Effects of NPs on Microbial Resistance
			Overcoming the Existing Antibiotic Resistance
			Carriers of Antibiotics
		Applications of NPs in Various Fields
			Antibacterial Coating of Implantable Devices
			Wound Dressings
			Bone Cement
			Dental Materials
		Future Perspective of NPs
		Conclusion
		References
Index