Handbook of African Philosophy (Handbooks in Philosophy)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: Introduction
	The Meaning of African Philosophy
		Introduction
		Whose Philosophy?
		What Is Meant by an African Place?
		The Handbook
		References
Part II: Afro-communitarian Philosophy
	African Philosophy of Communalism
		Introduction
		Part I
			A Person Is a Person Through Other Persons
			To Be Is to Participate
			Personhood in African Cultures
		Part II
			Identity and Moral Personhood
			Concept of Time
			Buying and Selling
		Conclusion
		References
	Challenges of African Communitarian Philosophy
		Introduction
		Bridging the Theory-Praxis Gap
		The Narrow Conception of Community and the Exclusion Challenge
		The Normativity of Being and the Difference Challenge
		Hierarchical Communing and the Participatory Challenge
		Relational Dwelling and the Autonomy Challenge
		Conclusion
		References
	Afro-communitarianism and Transhumanism
		Introduction
			Understanding Transhumanism
		Afro-communitarian Understanding of Personhood
		Will the Transhumanization of Our World Change Our Values System?
		Conclusion
		References
	Social Robots as Persons in Community
		Introduction
		Relationality in Afro-communitarianism
		Nature of Moral Community
		Humanity, Uniqueness, and Social Robots in Sociopolitical Contexts
		Conclusion
		References
	Robots and Dignity: An Afro-communitarian Argument in Eldercare
		Introduction
		Robots in Eldercare
		Afro-communitarian Conceptions of Human Dignity
		Afro-communitarian Evaluation of Eldercare Robots
		Conclusion
		References
Part III: Ethics
	African Ethics
		Introduction
		African Ethics: Definitions and Issues
			Religion as the basis of African Ethics
			African Ethics and Intercultural Philosophy
			Recourse to African Applied Ethics
		Conclusion
		References
	Doing Moral Philosophy Through Personhood
		Introduction
		Three Distinct Concepts of a Person
			Ontological Personhood: Ethical Humanism
			Ontological Personhood: Ethics of Dignity
			Normative Personhood: Character and Achievement Dignity
		Miscellaneous Ethical Themes
			Theory of Right Action
			Partiality and Impartiality
			Animal Ethics
		Conclusion
		References
	African Research Ethics
		Introduction
		Research Ethics
		African Research Ethics
			Classification of Some Research in African Studies
				Risk Assessment and Correct Understanding of Concepts in African Research Ethics
			Scientific Validity, Varied Understanding of Human Tissue and Medicine
		Sharing Research Benefits
		Conclusion
		References
	Ubuntu and Bioethics
		Introduction
			African Ubuntu
			Western Bioethics
			Juxtaposing Ubuntu and Bioethics
		Contributions of Ubuntu Ethics to Bioethics
			Personhood and Moral Standing
			Human Dignity and Capabilities
			Environmental Philosophy
		Conclusion
		References
	Personal Autonomy and Shared-Value in Bioethics: An African Communal Ethics Outlook
		Introduction
		African Communal Values and Ethics
			Communal and Processual Personhood
			African Values and Ethics Principles
		Theories of Autonomy in Bioethics
		The Nature of Value and Value of Personal Autonomy
		The Value of Personal Autonomy in African Socio-cultural Contexts of Healthcare
		Ought-onomy as the Alternative Principle
		Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Logic
	African Epistemology: Past, Present, and Future
		Introductory Remarks
		African Epistemology and the Senses of the Past, Present, and Future
		African Epistemology: Past Discourse
		African Epistemology: Present Focus
		African Epistemology: Future Concerns
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Knowledge and Testimony in African Communitarian Epistemology
		Introduction
		The Idea of an African Epistemology
		The Idea of a Communitarian Epistemology
		The Meaning and Nature of African Communitarian Epistemology
		Knowledge in African Communitarian Epistemology
		Testimony, Oral Tradition, and Knowledge Acquisition in ACE
		Conclusion
		References
	Exploring Ignorance and Injustice in African Epistemology
		Introduction
		Enlightenment Period, Eurocentrism, and Epistemological Tyranny
		Epistemic Injustice
		Testimonial Injustice
		Hermeneutical Injustice
		Epistemic Injustice and the Prejudicial Marginalization of the African Knower
		Epistemology of Ignorance and the Altering of African Epistemic Traditions
		Overcoming Epistemic Injustice and Epistemology of Ignorance
		Conclusion
		References
	Trivalent Logic, African Logic, and African Metaphysics
		Introduction
		Bivalent and Trivalent Logics
		Trivalence in Aymar, Janus, and Pierce
			Aymar Logical System
			Janus Logic
			Charles Sanders Peirce´s Trivalent Logic
		Trivalence in African Logic
		African Logic and African Metaphysics
		Conclusion
		References
Part V: Political Philosophy
	African Political Philosophy
		Introduction
		Defining African Political Philosophy
		African Philosophy
		African Political Philosophy
		African Political Ethics
		Botho/Ubuntu
		African Political Ethics Through Botho/Ubuntu (Botho Politics)
		Consultation/Therisanyo
		Respect for Individuality
		Importance of People
		Democracy
		Shared Knowledge Is Important for Harmonious Living
		Communal Participation and Mutuality
		Conclusion
		References
	Doing Contemporary African Social and Political Philosophy from Below
		Introduction
		The Discipline of African Social and Political Philosophy
			African People Can and Already Do Social and Political Philosophy
			A Manifesto for Contemporary African Social and Political Philosophers
		Democracy in Africa
			Anocracy: Another Trajectory of Democracy in Africa
		How to Develop African Social and Political Philosophy from Below
			Why Civil Disobedience, and Why Sudan?
			Philosophizing from Below While Democratizing from Below
		Conclusion
		References
	The Philosophy of Human Rights: The Akan Model
		Introduction
		Critiquing Arguments Against Liberal Democracy in Africa
		Human Rights and Justice Principles in Traditional Akan Ethics
		The Place of Human Rights in Akan Ethics
			Human Rights in Akan Ethic of Social Life
			Human Rights and Justice in Akan Politics
			Human Rights and Justice in Akan Economic Life
			Human Rights and Justice in the Religious Life of Akans
			Human Rights and Justice in Akan Traditional Legal System
		Conclusion
		References
	Technologies of Human Rights Protection, Sovereignty, and Freedom
		Introduction
		Technologies of Human Rights Protection
		Sovereignty, Freedom, and Technology
		Reading for the Political: Beyond Digital Sovereignty and Digital Freedom
		Conclusion
		References
	African Philosophy of Development
		Introduction
		The Problem of Development in Africa
		Theories of Development
		The Modernization Theory
		Dependency Theory
		The Cultural Theory
		The Reconstructionist Theory
		Toward an African Philosophy of Development
		Conclusion
		References
Part VI: Feminist Philosophy
	Gender and Afro-personhood
		Introduction
		The Afro-Communitarian Conception of Personhood
		Gap 1: Heteropatriarchy as a Regulatory Norm in Afro-Personhood Theories
		Gap 2: Race as a Totalizing Category
			Separating the Theory from Society
		Conclusion
		References
	An African Feminist Interrogation of Existential Epistemology: Women as the ``Other of the Other´´ in (Post)Colonial Africa
		Introduction
		The Colonization of Africa
		The Colonial Existential Epistemology of Othering Africans
		African Women as the Other of the Other in Colonial and Contemporary Africa
		A Feminist Deconstruction of Colonial Existential Epistemology
		Conclusion
		References
Part VII: Philosophy and the Nonhuman
	The Nonhuman in African Philosophy
		Introduction: African Humanism and the Nonhuman Turn
		The Nonhuman in African Thought: From Al-Inkishafi to Postcolonial African Texts
			Al-Inkishafi: A Nineteenth-Century Philosophical Primer
			The World Is Worthless and Destructive
			The World Is Impermanent and Deceptive
		Conclusion: The Nonhuman, Language, and Genre
		References
	The Animal in African Philosophy
		Animals and African Philosophy
		Ontology and Metaphysics
		Epistemology
		Social, Political and Moral Philosophy
		Aesthetics
		Philosophy of Education
		Conclusion
		References
Part VIII: Existentialism and Phenomenology
	Key Concerns in African Existentialism
		Introduction
		African Philosophical Perspectives on the Meaning of Human Existence
		Relationality and the Meaning of Life
		Death and the Meaning of Life
		The Existentiality of Suffering and Meaning of Life
		Modern Africa and the Crisis of Identity
		Conclusion
		References
	African Conceptions of the Meaning of Life
		Introduction
		The Love Theory of the Meaning of Life
		The ``God´s Purpose´´ Theory of Meaning
			Destiny Theory of the Meaning of Life
			Divine Law
		Vital Force
		The Communal View
		(Yoruba) Cluster View
		Living a Religious Life
		(Contemporary) Cluster View (CCV)
		Conclusion
		References
	African Phenomenology: Introductory Perspectives
		Introduction
		Hountondji and the Struggle for Meaning
			The Problem of Subjectivity
			Phenomenology of Language
			The Universality of Meaning
			Hountondji´s Critique of Husserl´s Universals
		Hountondji and Wiredu on Particulars and Universals
			Conceptual Universals
			Cultural Universals
		Masolo´s Midway to Phenomenology
			The Return to the Indigenous Lifeworld
			Lived Intersubjectivity
		Conclusion
		References
Part IX: Philosophy of Religion
	Toward a Philosophy of African Endogenous Religions
		Introduction
		Theoretical and Conceptual Justification
		A Summary Discourse on the Principal Tenets of African Endogenous Religion
		Locating the Endogenous Philosophy of African Religions
		Conclusion
		References
	God´s Existence and the Problem of Evil in African Philosophy of Religion
		Introduction
		African Philosophy of Religion
		God´s Existence: Transcendence and Immanence in African Thought
		Omnipotence, Evil, and the Search for an African Theodicy
		Oladipo and Wiredu´s Challenge to African Philosophy of Religion
		Responding to the Challenge of Wiredu and Oladipo: Outline of a Possible Theodicy
		Conclusion
		References
Part X: Philosophy of Education
	A Sketch of an Ubuntu Philosophy of Education
		Introduction
		The Contextuality of Philosophy of Education
		Educational Aims and Human Nature Conception
		African Philosophy and Ubuntu
			Principles of Ubuntu
		Implications of Ubuntu on Education
			Ubuntu Education and Local Situatedness
		Conclusion
		References
	Imfundo, Ubulumko, Nomthetho: A South African Philosophy of Education
		Introduction
			Critically Reading Kai Horsthemke
		A Contested Social Institution: From Rhetoric to Philosophy, as Training
		Khangela Ubulumko: Duty as Ethics, Wisdom, and Responsibility
		Without Conclusion: Philosophizing About Education
		References
Part XI: Future Considerations
	African Philosophy and the Question of the Future
		Introduction
		What Has African Philosophy Said About the Future?
			Time and Temporality
			African Philosophy´s Contribution to the Future of Africa: Philosophy in Early National Postindependence
		What Are the Concepts in African Philosophy Connected to the Future?
			Divination
			Destiny
			The Future of the Individual After Death (Immortality, Reincarnation)
			The Environment and the Future
		What Are Some Proposals for Moving into the Future, in Philosophy and Beyond?
			Afropessimism
			Africanfuturism
			African Renaissance
			Ubuntu
		What Is the Future of African Philosophy?
		What Does the Fact of Futurity Have to Say to How We Might Do Philosophy in Africa? Becoming-African
		Conclusion
		References
Index