Guide to the US Supreme Court, 2-Volume Set, 5th ed (Congressional Quarterly's Guide to the Us Supreme Court)

COVER......Page 1
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
SUMMARY......Page 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 14
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 16
PART I - ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COURT......Page 18
1. Origins of Judicial Power......Page 20
FOUNDATIONS......Page 21
A SLOW START, 1790–1800......Page 23
ESTABLISHMENT OF POWER, 1801–1835......Page 26
A REMARKABLE TERM, 1819......Page 31
STATES’ RIGHTS, 1836–1860......Page 34
WAR AND RECOVERY, 1861–1872......Page 40
RESTORING THE STATES, 1873–1888......Page 44
2. From the Gilded Age to the Great Depression......Page 52
BUSINESS AT THE COURT, 1889–1919......Page 53
NEW TIMES, OLD COURT, 1920–1937......Page 59
THE SWITCH IN TIME: THE NEW DEAL TRANSITION, 1937......Page 68
THE COURT, CIVIL LIBERTIES, AND CIVIL RIGHTS, 1938–1968......Page 69
THE CONSERVATIVE REVIVAL: FROM 1969 TO THE PRESENT......Page 81
PART II - THE COURT AND THE FEDERAL SYSTEM......Page 102
JUDICIAL REVIEW......Page 104
THE COMMERCE POWER......Page 105
FISCAL AND MONETARY POWERS......Page 106
STATES AND CITIZENS......Page 107
AMENDING POWER......Page 108
INVESTIGATIONS AND INTERNAL AFFAIRS......Page 109
MARBURY V. MADISON......Page 110
IMPLIED POWERS......Page 114
DELEGATION OF POWER......Page 117
POWER AND PROCESS......Page 121
REGULATION AND CONCENTRATION......Page 123
GIBBONS V. OGDEN......Page 126
COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION......Page 128
CONGRESS, COMMERCE, AND THE RAILROADS......Page 130
CONGRESS AND THE TRUSTS......Page 134
THE FEDERAL POLICE POWER......Page 138
NEW DEAL AND OLD POWER......Page 142
THE MODERN COMMERCE POWER......Page 149
DIRECT TAXES......Page 161
TAXING AS POLICE POWER......Page 164
THE POWER TO SPEND......Page 169
SPENDING FOR THE GENERAL WELFARE......Page 170
THE CURRENCY POWERS......Page 172
THE WAR POWER......Page 179
WARTIME LEGISLATION......Page 183
POSTWAR LEGISLATION......Page 184
TREATY POWERS......Page 185
GENERAL POWERS......Page 186
NEW STATES......Page 188
THE POWER TO GOVERN THE TERRITORIES......Page 190
CITIZENSHIP AND NATURALIZATION......Page 197
THE AMENDING POWER......Page 205
ENFORCING CIVIL RIGHTS......Page 207
The Power to Investigate......Page 213
THE CONTEMPT POWER......Page 214
JUDICIAL REVIEW......Page 215
WITNESS RIGHTS......Page 216
THE FIFTH AMENDMENT......Page 220
INVESTIGATING ELECTIONS......Page 221
QUALIFICATIONS......Page 222
CONGRESSIONAL IMMUNITY......Page 225
ELECTIONS REGULATION......Page 230
ELECTION RETURNS......Page 234
REGULATION OF LOBBYING......Page 235
RULES......Page 236
5. The Court and the Powers of the President......Page 248
RARE CLASHES WITH THE COURT......Page 249
DIVERGENT VIEWS OF POWER......Page 250
PRESIDENTS AND JUSTICES......Page 251
The Commander in Chief......Page 253
PRESIDENT LINCOLN AND THE CIVIL WAR......Page 255
FDR AND TOTAL WAR......Page 259
COLD WAR POWERS......Page 264
THE WAR ON TERROR AND PRESIDENTIAL POWER......Page 268
“A DIVIDED POWER”......Page 271
THE TREATY POWER: ITS EFFECTS AND ITS LIMITS......Page 274
EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS......Page 279
THE APPOINTMENT POWER......Page 282
THE REMOVAL POWER......Page 284
EXECUTIVE DISCRETION......Page 290
DELEGATION OF POWER......Page 291
EXECUTIVES AND EMERGENCIES......Page 292
THE VETO POWER......Page 294
THE POWER TO GRANT PARDONS AND REPRIEVES......Page 298
EXECUTIVE IMMUNITY......Page 303
EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE......Page 307
THE MODERN PRIVILEGE......Page 309
JEFFERSON VERSUS MARSHALL......Page 313
JACKSON, THE COURT, AND THE INDIANS......Page 316
LINCOLN VERSUS TANEY......Page 317
THE COURT VERSUS FDR......Page 318
TRUMAN VERSUS THE COURT......Page 323
NIXON, WATERGATE, AND THE COURT......Page 324
GEORGE W. BUSH, THE COURT, AND GUANTÁNAMO BAY......Page 328
6. The Court’s Role in Shaping the Powers of Government......Page 342
CONSTITUTIONAL POSSIBILITIES AND POLITICAL REALITIES......Page 345
SUPREME COURT JURISDICTION......Page 351
JUDICIAL REVIEW......Page 357
THE POWER TO ISSUE WRITS......Page 361
THE CONTEMPT POWER......Page 374
CASES AND CONTROVERSIES......Page 382
“STANDING TO SUE”......Page 385
POLITICAL QUESTIONS......Page 389
THE ROLE OF PRECEDENT......Page 390
THE DEMANDS OF COMITY......Page 393
7. The Court and the States......Page 400
THE NATIONAL PERIOD......Page 401
THE STATE AND INDIVIDUALS......Page 403
TOWARD A HEALTHY BALANCE......Page 404
SOURCES OF POWER......Page 405
CHALLENGE TO POWER......Page 407
The States and the Economy......Page 413
THE OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS......Page 414
BANKRUPTCY LAWS......Page 416
THE CONTROL OF COMMERCE......Page 420
THE POLICE POWER......Page 429
THE TAXING OF COMMERCE......Page 438
THE CONSTITUTION......Page 445
THE CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS......Page 446
DUE PROCESS GUARANTEE......Page 451
EQUAL PROTECTION GUARANTEE......Page 457
RESERVED STATE POWERS......Page 464
LIABILITY TO LAWSUITS......Page 467
POLITICAL POWERS......Page 474
THE TAXING POWER......Page 478
THE POLICE POWER......Page 479
THE JUDICIAL POWER......Page 486
THE POWER TO GOVERN......Page 489
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES......Page 491
STATE DISPUTES AND FEDERAL JURISDICTION......Page 492
PART III - THE COURT AND THE INDIVIDUAL......Page 502
8. The Court and the Individual......Page 504
IN THE BEGINNING: FEW RIGHTS AND NARROW PROTECTION, 1789–1865......Page 505
THE CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS......Page 507
FREEDOM FOR IDEAS......Page 512
POLITICAL RIGHTS......Page 514
EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW......Page 516
FUNDAMENTAL FAIRNESS......Page 517
THE FIRST AMENDMENT......Page 522
GOVERNMENT RESTRAINTS......Page 524
THE TASK OF BALANCING......Page 527
THE SEARCH FOR A STANDARD......Page 528
Freedom of Speech......Page 531
SEDITIOUS SPEECH AND NATIONAL SECURITY......Page 532
PUBLIC SPEECH AND PUBLIC SAFETY......Page 544
THE FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY......Page 554
Freedom of the Press......Page 570
PRIOR RESTRAINT: CENSORSHIP......Page 571
SUBSEQUENT PUNISHMENT: LIBEL......Page 581
A FREE PRESS VERSUS THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL......Page 591
ACCESS AND CONFIDENTIALITY......Page 596
Freedom of Religion......Page 603
THE FREE EXERCISE OF RELIGION......Page 605
ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION......Page 615
10. The Rights of Political Participation......Page 640
THE RIGHT AND THE POWER: A NARROW VIEW......Page 642
PATTERN OF EXCLUSION......Page 644
THE RIGHT AND THE POWER: A BROAD VIEW......Page 651
CONGRESS, DISTRICTS, AND PEOPLE......Page 657
HOUSE DISTRICTS: STRICT EQUALITY......Page 663
STATE DISTRICTS: MORE LEEWAY......Page 665
BUSH V. GORE: DECIDING WHO BECOMES PRESIDENT......Page 671
Freedom of Political Association......Page 677
COMMUNISM AND COLD WAR......Page 679
POLITICAL ASSOCIATION: A CONTEMPORARY VIEW......Page 698
AN INDIVIDUAL RIGHT TO A GUN......Page 706
SECOND AMENDMENT REVIVAL: A LOSS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA’S HANDGUN BAN......Page 708
12. Crime and Punishment......Page 712
THE LONG MARCH TOWARD TODAY’S BILL OF RIGHTS......Page 713
THE RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL......Page 718
THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY TRIAL......Page 726
THE RIGHT TO CONFRONT WITNESSES......Page 729
Search and Seizure......Page 733
THE NEUTRAL MAGISTRATE......Page 734
PROBABLE CAUSE......Page 735
PROPERTY, PAPERS, AND EFFECTS......Page 736
ARRESTS AND SEARCHES......Page 739
ELECTRONIC EAVESDROPPING......Page 752
Self-Incrimination......Page 754
PRIVILEGE AND IMMUNITY......Page 755
EXPANDING PROTECTION......Page 756
COERCED CONFESSIONS......Page 757
CONFESSIONS AND COUNSEL......Page 760
A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT......Page 766
THE APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL......Page 767
ONE TRIAL PER SOVEREIGN......Page 774
RESENTENCING RESTRICTIONS......Page 775
FINES AND FORFEITURES......Page 776
THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT AND THE STATES......Page 779
PRISON CONDITIONS......Page 780
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT......Page 781
13. Equal Rights and Equal Protection of the Laws......Page 796
WHAT IS EQUAL PROTECTION?......Page 797
MODERN STANDARD......Page 798
SEX DISCRIMINATION......Page 799
FUNDAMENTAL INTERESTS......Page 800
Racial Equality......Page 802
SEGREGATION UNDER ATTACK......Page 803
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR EDUCATION......Page 808
TRAVEL AND PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS......Page 827
THE RIGHT TO FAIR HOUSING......Page 833
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY......Page 839
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION......Page 843
ALIENS AND THE LAW......Page 853
POVERTY AND EQUAL PROTECTION......Page 857
“ROMANTIC PATERNALISM”......Page 863
THE SEARCH FOR A STANDARD......Page 864
DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT......Page 870
14. Liberty and Privacy......Page 880
ORIGINS OF PERSONAL PRIVACY......Page 881
ABORTION, ROE V. WADE, AND THE CONTROVERSY THAT NEVER ENDS......Page 885
A LIMITED “RIGHT TO DIE”......Page 891
GAY RIGHTS......Page 893
PART IV - PRESSURES ON THE COURT......Page 900
CONGRESSIONAL INFLUENCE......Page 902
FEDERAL POWER VERSUS STATES’ RIGHTS......Page 903
SELECTION AND REJECTION......Page 906
CONTROVERSIAL CONFIRMATIONS......Page 909
REMOVAL FROM OFFICE......Page 910
SALARIES......Page 916
SIZE OF THE COURT......Page 918
EXTRAORDINARY MAJORITY......Page 919
REMOVAL OF JURISDICTION......Page 920
THE McCARDLE CASE......Page 921
COURT JURISDICTION: MODERN REPEAL EFFORTS......Page 924
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS......Page 928
LEGISLATIVE REVERSALS......Page 933
QUALIFICATIONS......Page 942
OUTSIDE INFLUENCES......Page 945
PRESIDENTIAL REASONING......Page 948
THE “COURT-PACKERS”......Page 949
ROUTES TO THE COURT......Page 953
THE “SAVE-THE-SEAT” SYNDROME......Page 954
THE COURT AS A CAMPAIGN ISSUE......Page 955
17. The Court, the Media, and Public Opinion......Page 962
EARLY YEARS, 1790–1850......Page 963
MIDDLE YEARS, 1851–1900......Page 969
TWENTIETH CENTURY, 1901–1950......Page 975
THE MODERN ERA......Page 979
COVERING THE COURT......Page 986
THE COURT AND PUBLIC OPINION......Page 989
RULINGS AND REACTIONS......Page 991
PART V - THE COURT AT WORK......Page 996
18. How the Court Decides: Operations and Traditions......Page 998
THE SCHEDULE OF THE TERM......Page 999
REVIEWING CASES......Page 1003
ARGUMENTS......Page 1006
CONFERENCES......Page 1010
OPINIONS......Page 1011
TRADITIONS......Page 1018
THE CHIEF JUSTICE......Page 1026
THE JUSTICES......Page 1033
SUPPORTING PERSONNEL......Page 1041
SUPREME COURT LAWYERS......Page 1047
SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS......Page 1052
HOUSING THE COURT......Page 1056
COST OF THE COURT......Page 1062
PART VI - MEMBERS OF THE COURT......Page 1066
THE PRESIDENT SHALL APPOINT . . .......Page 1068
JUSTICES’ CHARACTERISTICS......Page 1072
CONTROVERSIAL JUSTICES......Page 1077
JOHN JAY......Page 1080
JOHN RUTLEDGE......Page 1082
WILLIAM CUSHING......Page 1084
JAMES WILSON......Page 1085
JOHN BLAIR JR.......Page 1086
JAMES IREDELL......Page 1087
THOMAS JOHNSON......Page 1088
WILLIAM PATERSON......Page 1090
SAMUEL CHASE......Page 1091
OLIVER ELLSWORTH......Page 1092
BUSHROD WASHINGTON......Page 1093
ALFRED MOORE......Page 1094
JOHN MARSHALL......Page 1095
WILLIAM JOHNSON......Page 1097
HENRY BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON......Page 1098
THOMAS TODD......Page 1099
JOSEPH STORY......Page 1100
SMITH THOMPSON......Page 1102
ROBERT TRIMBLE......Page 1103
JOHN MCLEAN......Page 1104
HENRY BALDWIN......Page 1105
JAMES MOORE WAYNE......Page 1106
ROGER BROOKE TANEY......Page 1107
PHILIP PENDLETON BARBOUR......Page 1108
JOHN CATRON......Page 1109
JOHN MCKINLEY......Page 1110
SAMUEL NELSON......Page 1111
LEVI WOODBURY......Page 1112
ROBERT COOPER GRIER......Page 1113
BENJAMIN ROBBINS CURTIS......Page 1114
JOHN ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL......Page 1115
NATHAN CLIFFORD......Page 1116
NOAH HAYNES SWAYNE......Page 1117
SAMUEL FREEMAN MILLER......Page 1118
DAVID DAVIS......Page 1119
STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD......Page 1120
SALMON PORTLAND CHASE......Page 1121
WILLIAM STRONG......Page 1122
JOSEPH P. BRADLEY......Page 1123
WARD HUNT......Page 1124
MORRISON REMICK WAITE......Page 1125
JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN......Page 1126
WILLIAM BURNHAM WOODS......Page 1127
STANLEY MATTHEWS......Page 1128
HORACE GRAY......Page 1129
SAMUEL BLATCHFORD......Page 1130
LUCIUS QUINTUS CINCINNATUS LAMAR......Page 1131
MELVILLE WESTON FULLER......Page 1132
DAVID JOSIAH BREWER......Page 1134
HENRY BILLINGS BROWN......Page 1135
GEORGE SHIRAS JR.......Page 1136
HOWELL EDMUNDS JACKSON......Page 1137
EDWARD DOUGLASS WHITE......Page 1138
RUFUS WHEELER PECKHAM......Page 1139
JOSEPH MCKENNA......Page 1140
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES JR.......Page 1141
WILLIAM RUFUS DAY......Page 1143
WILLIAM HENRY MOODY......Page 1144
HORACE HARMON LURTON......Page 1145
CHARLES EVANS HUGHES......Page 1146
WILLIS VAN DEVANTER......Page 1147
JOSEPH RUCKER LAMAR......Page 1148
MAHLON PITNEY......Page 1149
JAMES CLARK MCREYNOLDS......Page 1150
LOUIS DEMBITZ BRANDEIS......Page 1151
JOHN HESSIN CLARKE......Page 1153
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT......Page 1154
GEORGE SUTHERLAND......Page 1155
PIERCE BUTLER......Page 1156
EDWARD TERRY SANFORD......Page 1157
HARLAN FISKE STONE......Page 1158
OWEN JOSEPHUS ROBERTS......Page 1159
BENJAMIN NATHAN CARDOZO......Page 1160
HUGO LAFAYETTE BLACK......Page 1162
STANLEY FORMAN REED......Page 1163
FELIX FRANKFURTER......Page 1164
WILLIAM ORVILLE DOUGLAS......Page 1165
FRANK MURPHY......Page 1166
JAMES FRANCIS BYRNES......Page 1167
ROBERT HOUGHWOUT JACKSON......Page 1169
WILEY BLOUNT RUTLEDGE......Page 1170
HAROLD HITZ BURTON......Page 1171
FREDERICK MOORE VINSON......Page 1172
TOM C. CLARK......Page 1173
SHERMAN MINTON......Page 1174
EARL WARREN......Page 1175
JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN II......Page 1176
WILLIAM JOSEPH BRENNAN JR.......Page 1177
CHARLES EVANS WHITTAKER......Page 1178
POTTER STEWART......Page 1179
BYRON RAYMOND WHITE......Page 1180
ARTHUR JOSEPH GOLDBERG......Page 1181
ABE FORTAS......Page 1182
THURGOOD MARSHALL......Page 1183
WARREN EARL BURGER......Page 1184
HARRY ANDREW BLACKMUN......Page 1186
LEWIS FRANKLIN POWELL JR.......Page 1187
WILLIAM HUBBS REHNQUIST......Page 1188
JOHN PAUL STEVENS......Page 1189
SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR......Page 1191
ANTONIN SCALIA......Page 1192
ANTHONY MCLEOD KENNEDY......Page 1193
DAVID HACKETT SOUTER......Page 1194
CLARENCE THOMAS......Page 1196
RUTH BADER GINSBURG......Page 1197
STEPHEN GERALD BREYER......Page 1198
JOHN GLOVER ROBERTS JR.......Page 1199
SAMUEL ANTHONY ALITO JR.......Page 1201
SONIA MARIA SOTOMAYOR......Page 1202
APPENDIX A - CHRONOLOGICAL DOCUMENTS AND TEXTS......Page 1204
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE......Page 1206
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION......Page 1208
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES......Page 1212
JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789......Page 1221
CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS ACT OF 1891......Page 1230
JUDICIARY ACT OF 1925......Page 1234
RULES OF THE SUPREME COURT (2010)......Page 1241
APPENDIX B TABLES, LISTS, AND GRAPHICAL DATA......Page 1260
NATURAL COURTS......Page 1262
SUPREME COURT NOMINATIONS, 1789–2010......Page 1267
GLOSSARY OF LEGAL TERMS......Page 1272
ACTS OF CONGRESS HELD UNCONSTITUTIONAL......Page 1275
CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR DECISIONS OF THE COURT, 1790–2010......Page 1293
QUOTES AND QUIPS FROM THE SUPREME COURT: WHO SAID IT?......Page 1358
MAP OF THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM......Page 1360
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1362
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 1374
CASE INDEX......Page 1378
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 1402