Greening the Workplace: Theories, Methods, and Research

Contents
List of Figures
1 Introduction
	References
2 Key Issues, Evidence and Human Activities
	2.1 The Environmental Crisis: Key Issues and Evidence
		2.1.1 Prolegomena
		2.1.2 Mounting Evidence
		2.1.3 Consequences and Threats
	2.2 International Organizations
	2.3 How Do Organizational Activities Harm the Environment?
		2.3.1 Old Issues
		2.3.2 Some Contemporary Examples
			2.3.2.1 Pollution
			2.3.2.2 Transport
			2.3.2.3 Digitalization
	2.4 What About Individuals at Work?
	References
3 Employee Environmental Behaviors
	3.1 Definition, Classification and Concept
		3.1.1 Main Conceptual Definitions
		3.1.2 Main Eco-Friendly Behaviors in the Workplace
	3.2 Outlining How Employees Behave Toward the Environment
		3.2.1 Green vs Nongreen Behaviors
			3.2.1.1 Industrial Level
			3.2.1.2 Job Level
			3.2.1.3 Individual Level
		3.2.2 Inclusion in the Job Task
		3.2.3 Direct vs Indirect Environmentally Friendly Behaviors in the Workplace
		3.2.4 Further Considerations
	3.3 Employee Green Behaviors and Their Operationalization
		3.3.1 Overview
		3.3.2 Quantitative Approaches
		3.3.3 Case Study
		3.3.4 Experimental Design
		3.3.5 Situated Experiment
		3.3.6 Mixed Methods
	References
4 The Question of Non-Environmental Behaviors
	4.1 Defining the Issue of Non-environmental Behaviors
		4.1.1 The Nature of the Problem
		4.1.2 Definition
	4.2 Counterproductive Environmental Behavior
	4.3 How Can Nongreen Behaviors Be Operationalized?
	4.4 How Are Nongreen Behaviors Linked to Green Behaviors?
	References
5 Theoretical Approaches
	5.1 Social Exchange: A New Theoretical Approach for Environmental Sustainability
		5.1.1 Definition, Key Premises and Core Principles
			5.1.1.1 Theoretical Foundations
			5.1.1.2 Total Prestations
			5.1.1.3 Obligations and Reciprocity
			5.1.1.4 Social Versus Economic Exchange
		5.1.2 Current Research in an Environmental Sustainability Context
	5.2 Related Fields and Other Theoretical Approaches
		5.2.1 Sustainability
		5.2.2 The Circular Economy
		5.2.3 Stakeholder Theory
		5.2.4 Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
	References
6 The Question of Organizational Boundaries
	6.1 Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Within and Outside the Workplace
		6.1.1 Similarities and Differences
			6.1.1.1 Pro-Environmental Behaviors in a Private Setting
			6.1.1.2 Pro-Environmental Behaviors in an Organizational Setting
			6.1.1.3 Behavioral Continuity Versus Behavioral Discontinuity
		6.1.2 Organizational Boundaries and the Limits of Behavioral Persistence
			6.1.2.1 Issue
			6.1.2.2 Evidence
	6.2 Border Theory
		6.2.1 Premises
		6.2.2 Key Concepts
			6.2.2.1 Domain (From Home to Work)
			6.2.2.2 Boundaries
			6.2.2.3 Border Crossers and Border Keepers
		6.2.3 Findings
			6.2.3.1 Study 1
			6.2.3.2 Study 2
			6.2.3.3 Study 3
	References
7 Employees and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Obstacles, Constraints, and Barriers
	7.1 Obstacles in the Workplace: A Brief Commentary on the Current State of Knowledge
		7.1.1 Institutional Level
		7.1.2 Organizational Level
		7.1.3 Managerial Level
		7.1.4 Individual Level
		7.1.5 Within Process
		7.1.6 Between-Process
	7.2 An Approach to Environmental Obstacles Using Lewinian Field Theory
		7.2.1 Lewinian Field: Definition and Fundamental Principles
			7.2.1.1 Defining the Notion of Lewinian Field
			7.2.1.2 Time and Space
		7.2.2 The Structure of Obstacles According to the Principles of the Lewinian Field
			7.2.2.1 Topology as Metaphor
			7.2.2.2 Weak and Strong Situations
		7.2.3 Some Evidence from the Environmental Literature
			7.2.3.1 Proximity/Distance
			7.2.3.2 Fluidity/Roughness
			7.2.3.3 Firmness/Weakness
	References
8 Greening the Workplace Through Employees: An Integrative Model
	8.1 Development of the Model: Theoretical Foundations
		8.1.1 Structuring Elements
			8.1.1.1 Ignorance, Denial, and Awareness
			8.1.1.2 Individual Denial Strategies
			8.1.1.3 Obstacles, Constraints, and Barriers
			8.1.1.4 Required Intensity
			8.1.1.5 (In)appropriate Nature of Individual Actions
		8.1.2 Prelude to Individual Decision-Making Pathways
			8.1.2.1 The Individual Significance of Contextual Constraints
			8.1.2.2 The Power of Individual Routines
	8.2 Development of the Model: Integration
		8.2.1 Stage 1. Ignorance: Its Reasons and Effects
		8.2.2 Stage 2. Beyond Ignorance: Denial and Environmental Inaction
			8.2.2.1 The Causes of Inaction
			8.2.2.2 Pathway #1
			8.2.2.3 Pathway #2
		8.2.3 Stage 3. Beyond Ignorance
			8.2.3.1 Awareness and Its Consequences
			8.2.3.2 Behavioral Intention
			8.2.3.3 The Reasons for (In)appropriate Environmental Action
			8.2.3.4 Pathway #3
			8.2.3.5 Pathways #4a and #4b
			8.2.3.6 Pathway #5
	References
9 Greening the Workplace Through Practices and Behavioral Intervention
	9.1 Greening the Workplace: From Decisions to Performance
		9.1.1 The Limits of Individual Action
		9.1.2 Decision Latitude and Constraints on the Ability of Employees to Act
			9.1.2.1 Decision latitude
	9.2 Managing Environmental Performance: Connecting Theory to Practice Through Research
		9.2.1 Greening the Workplace: A Shared Responsibility
			9.2.1.1 Organizational environmental performance
			9.2.1.2 Environmental performance at the individual level
			9.2.1.3 Carbon footprint as an indicator of environmental performance
		9.2.2 Greening the Workplace Through Practices
			9.2.2.1 Resources and costs
			9.2.2.2 Behavioral change and intervention
			9.2.2.3 Green Human Resource Management practices
	References
Index