Green Consensus and High Quality Development: CCICED Annual Policy Report 2020

Expert Board
	Editorial Board
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Overview: Recovering Forward
	Public Health
	Green Economic Recovery
	Trade and Debt
	Integrated Policies
1 Global Climate Governance and China’s Role
	1.1 China Promotes Power Infrastructure Development in the Belt and Road Region and Tackles Climate Change: Southeast Asia as a Case Study
		1.1.1 Belt and Road Initiative and China’s Policy Support to Overseas Infrastructure Development
		1.1.2 Socioeconomic Development and Power Infrastructure in ASEAN
		1.1.3 Power Management Policies and Clean and Low-Carbon Development Goals in Southeast Asia
		1.1.4 There Exists Enormous Demand for Power Infrastructure Investment in Southeast Asian Countries
		1.1.5 Case Study of Low-Carbon Transformation of Power Infrastructure in Southeast Asia: Indonesia
		1.1.6 Opportunities and Challenges for Low-Carbon and Clean Power in Southeast Asian Countries
		1.1.7 Recommendations for China’s Engagement in Low-Carbon Transformation of Power Infrastructure in Southeast Asia
	1.2 Gender Issue
	1.3 Annual Policy Recommendations
	Appendix
	References
2 Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Conservation
	2.1 Leadership and Engagement: China’s Roles for CBD COP 15 Success
		2.1.1 Strong Political Will
		2.1.2 Building Momentum
		2.1.3 Evidence Supporting the Need for Stronger Biological Diversity Decision Making
		2.1.4 Significant Events (June 2019 to 2021)
		2.1.5 Implication of the COVID-19 Pandemic
	2.2 Stocktaking on Parties’ View Regarding Post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and Its Implementation
		2.2.1 Proposed Changes to the CBD Open-Ended Working Group Zero Draft Document of January 2020
		2.2.2 Potential Analysis for Protected Area Expansion for Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity for 2021–2030
	2.3 China’s Showcase Efforts for Ecological Conservation
		2.3.1 Establishing Ecological Civilization System and Formulating Top-Level Design of National Ecological Protection
		2.3.2 Delimiting ECRs and Control of Important Ecological Space
		2.3.3 Promoting Biodiversity Protection Through Ecological Poverty Alleviation
		2.3.4 Establishing and Improving Eco-Compensation Mechanisms
		2.3.5 Promoting Ecological Civilization with the Construction of Demonstration Districts
	2.4 Post-2020 Biosecurity/Biosafety, Biodiversity and COVID-19 Working Paper
	2.5 Recommendations
		2.5.1 China’s Global Leadership and Engagement
		2.5.2 Recommendation for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
		2.5.3 Proposal for a Multilateral Nature-Based Solutions Fund Initiated by China to Be Put Forward at CBD COP 15 and UNFCCC COP 26
		2.5.4 Recommendations on Improving and Popularizing China’s Main Ecological Protection Practices and Experiences Sharing
		2.5.5 While Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency, and National and Global Economic Recovery, Ensure that Adequate Attention and Financial Support Is Given to Addressing the Eco-Environmental Emergencies Affecting Biodiversity and Climate Change
	2.6 Recommendations on Ecological Conservation and Restoration for the 14th FYP for China’s National Economic and Social Development
		2.6.1 Add Ecological Indicators in the Indicator Session of the Plan
		2.6.2 In View of the Chapter “Strengthening Ecological Protection and Restoration,” It Is Suggested to Add or Further Emphasize the Following Contents
		2.6.3 We Suggest Strengthening Ecological Protection Projects Regarding Major Projects, Including
	Appendix
	References
3 Global Ocean Governance and Ecological Civilization: Building a Sustainable Ocean Economy for China
	3.1 Background
		3.1.1 Foreword
		3.1.2 Introduction
	3.2 Major Research Results
		3.2.1 Environment: The Ocean as the Basis for Life
		3.2.2 Industry: Ocean Economy
		3.2.3 Management: Balancing Environment and Economy
	3.3 Recommended Actions
	3.4 Future Directions of Work
	Appendix: Specific Recommendations from the 6 Task Teams of SPS Ocean Governance
	References
4 Green Urbanization Strategy and Pathways Towards Regional Integrated Development
	4.1 Why Is the Green Urbanization Transition So Critical
		4.1.1 The Basic Tasks for China’s Urbanization
		4.1.2 The Basic Characteristics and Consequences of Traditional Urbanization
	4.2 Green Urbanization: An Analytical Framework
		4.2.1 The Theories Regarding Green Urbanization
		4.2.2 Analytical Framework
		4.2.3 The Emergence of Urban Clusters
	4.3 The Future Green Urbanization Model in China
		4.3.1 The Key Factors Defining Urbanization Are Changing
		4.3.2 The Implications of Green Urbanization
		4.3.3 Spatial Distribution of Future Urbanization
		4.3.4 The Evolution of China’s Urbanization
	4.4 The Impact of Green Urbanization on Regional Integrated Development
	4.5 Green Urbanization: Case Studies
		4.5.1 Cases in China
		4.5.2 International Case: Valuing the Role of Nature in Urbanization
	4.6 Strategic Approach to Green Urbanization and Policy Recommendations
		4.6.1 Strategic Approach
		4.6.2 Policy Recommendations
	Appendix 1: Valuing the Role of Nature in Urbanization and Regional Development
	Appendix 2: From Industrial Civilization to Ecological Civilization: Changing Implications to Gender Equality
	References
5 Ecological Compensation and Green Development Institutional Reform in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Status and Trends
		5.2.1 Methodology of Ecological Capital Accounting
		5.2.2 Ecological Investment and Financing Policies
	5.3 Progress to Date
		5.3.1 Progress on NECA
		5.3.2 Practice of PES
		5.3.3 Application of NECA in Spatial Planning
		5.3.4 Ecological Investment and Financing Based on NECA
	5.4 Challenges
		5.4.1 A Lack of Standardized NECA Framework and Methods
		5.4.2 Economic Development and Planning Decisions not Fully Reflecting the Value of Ecological Capital
		5.4.3 NECA not Fully Working for the EFM
	5.5 Chinese Experience and Emerging Best Practices
		5.5.1 Ecological Bank: Wuyishan City
		5.5.2 Voluntary Carbon Emission Reduction and Public Welfare Tree Planting: The Ant Forest
		5.5.3 Forest Coupon System: Chongqing City
		5.5.4 Green Investment and Financing Policy Practice: Quzhou City of Zhejiang Province
		5.5.5 Green Finance Standard: Gui’an New Area of Guizhou Province
		5.5.6 Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation: China
	5.6 International Experience and Emerging Best Practices
		5.6.1 Gender as a Factor in Ecosystem Services: Nepal and Kenya
		5.6.2 Natural Capital Management Experiences: United Kingdom
	5.7 Accelerating and Scaling up Solutions
		5.7.1 Design Unified Standards for Eco-Products Valuation
		5.7.2 Establish and Unify the Concept and Rules of an Ecological Financing and Investment Mechanism (EFM)
		5.7.3 Carry Out Planning and Project Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Based on NECA
		5.7.4 Strengthen the Design of Ecological Investment and Financing Policies
	5.8 Governance and Implementation
	5.9 Recommendations
		5.9.1 Accelerate the Promotion of NECA and Its Policy Application: Unifying Values Through Standardization
		5.9.2 Promote Eco-Products Pricing and Trading in Stages: Realizing Value Through Transactions
		5.9.3 Strengthen the Application of NECA in Spatial Planning: Optimize Value Through Planning
		5.9.4 Establish an NECA and Eco-Products Guarantee System for Value Realization: Solidify Value Through Institutional Arrangements
		5.9.5 Design Eco-Financing Policies for Yellow River Basin: Preserve and Increase Value Through Investment
	References
6 Green Transition and Sustainable Social Governance
	6.1 Green Consumption, Transition and High-Quality Development
		6.1.1 Status and Trends of Green Consumption in China
		6.1.2 Green Consumption is the Key to Push Forward a Green Economic Transition
		6.1.3 Advancing Green Consumption is an Important Option to Push Forward High-Quality Development
		6.1.4 Changes in Consumption in China and the Corresponding Long-Term Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
	6.2 Green Consumption Case Studies
		6.2.1 Green Building: Green Renovation of Residential Buildings
		6.2.2 Green Consumption and Production in the Automobile Industry
		6.2.3 Green Power Market and Reform
		6.2.4 Green Logistics
		6.2.5 Digital Platforms for a Low-Carbon Lifestyle
		6.2.6 Other Cases Promoting Green Consumption
	6.3 International Experiences with Sustainable Consumption Policy
		6.3.1 Sustainable Consumption: Different Concepts, Different Implications
		6.3.2 A Comparison of Government Approaches to Sustainable Consumption Policy
		6.3.3 Supranational Level: The EU Policy Approach to Sustainable Consumption
		6.3.4 National Government Strategies on Sustainable Consumption
		6.3.5 Determining Priority Areas: European, Swedish, and German Experiences
		6.3.6 Policy Instruments
		6.3.7 Governance and Institutional Arrangements
		6.3.8 Conclusions and Recommendations
	6.4 Overall Roadmap for Boosting Green Consumption in China During the 14th FYP
		6.4.1 Set Goals and Indicators for Green Consumption
		6.4.2 Key Areas and Major Tasks for Pushing Forward Green Consumption
	6.5 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
	References
7 Major Green Technology Innovation and Implementation Mechanisms
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Characteristics, Problems and Opportunities of Urbanization and Urban Development
		7.1.2 Vision and Criteria for Urban Green Development
		7.1.3 Goals and Approach for Urban Green Development
	7.2 Existing Policies and Problems
		7.2.1 Existing Policies for Urban Green Development
		7.2.2 Analysis of Existing Problems of Urban Green Development
		7.2.3 Challenges in the Innovation and Application of Green Technology
		7.2.4 Green Technology Key Area Identification
	7.3 Assessment Methods, Development Directions and Implementation in Key Sectors for Green Technology
		7.3.1 Major Green Technology Assessment Method
		7.3.2 Chinese and Foreign Experiences and Emerging Best Practices
		7.3.3 Technology Recommendation in the Six Pillars During the 14th FYP
	7.4 Cross-Cutting Issues and Enablers on Green Technology Promotion and Gender Equity
		7.4.1 Cross-Cutting Issues and Enablers on Green Technology Promotion
		7.4.2 Gender Perspectives in Green Technology Promotion and Implementation
	7.5 Policy Recommendations
		7.5.1 List of Recommended Major Green Technology During the 14th FYP Period
		7.5.2 Policy Recommendations for Green Development and Technological Innovation During the 14th FYP Period
		7.5.3 Policy Recommendations for Green Technology Implementation in the Six Pillars During the 14th FYP Period
		7.5.4 Policy Recommendations Based on International Best Practices
	References
8 Green BRI and 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
	8.1 Linkages Between the Green Belt and Road and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
		8.1.1 Background and Progress of Building the Green Belt and Road Initiative
		8.1.2 The Focus on SDG 15
		8.1.3 Progress of Countries Along the Belt and Road in Implementing SDG 15
		8.1.4 Benefits and Biodiversity-Related Risks of BRI
	8.2 An Analysis of Relevant Policies and Standards on SDG 15
		8.2.1 Research and Evaluation of China’s Experience
		8.2.2 Research and Evaluation from International Experience
	8.3 Analysis of SDG 15 Related Investments Possibilities
		8.3.1 Survey and Assessment of the Chinese Experience
		8.3.2 Survey and Assessment of International Practices
	8.4 Analysis of SDG15-Related Governance Structure
		8.4.1 Survey and Assessment of Practices in China
		8.4.2 Survey and Assessment of International Practices
	8.5 Policy Recommendation: Construction Roadmap of Green Belt and Road
		8.5.1 Roadmap for Building a Green BRI
		8.5.2 Policy Instruments for Aligning the BRI with SDG 15
	Annex 1: Supporting Evidence for Chapter 1
	Annex 2: Supporting Evidence for Chapter 2
	Annex 3: Evidence from Chapter 3
		Detailed descriptions of conservation finance initiatives in China
	Annex 4: Evidence from Chapter 4
		China’s Policy Implementation for Biodiversity Conservation
		Elements of China’s Governance Framework for Conservation
		Additional Major Institutions with Conservation Management Responsibilities in China
		DFIs Governance Structures for Conservation
	References
9 Global Green Value Chains: Greening China’s “Soft Commodity” Value Chains
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 What Is the Significance of Soft Commodity Value Chains for China?
		9.2.1 What Are Soft Commodities?
		9.2.2 What Are the Challenges of “Business-As-Usual”?
		9.2.3 Why Is China Important?
		9.2.4 What Is a “Green” Soft Commodity?
	9.3 Why Should China Pursue Green Soft Commodity Value Chains?
		9.3.1 Ensure Consistency with China’s Vision of Ecological Civilization
		9.3.2 Strengthen Supply Chain Safety and Security
		9.3.3 Uphold the Law
		9.3.4 Respond to Tomorrow’s Markets
		9.3.5 Optimize China’s International Environmental Reputation
	9.4 How Can China “Green” Its Soft Commodity Value Chains?
		9.4.1 Establish a National Green Value Chain Strategy and Provide Policy and Institutional Support
		9.4.2 Adopt Mandatory and Voluntary Measures to Green Soft Commodity Value Chains
		9.4.3 Build on Existing Chinese Policy Levers and Initiatives
	9.5 Summary of Policy Recommendations
		9.5.1 Establish a National Green Value Chains Strategy and Provide Policy and Institutional Support
		9.5.2 Adopt Mandatory and Voluntary Measures to Green Soft Commodity Value Chains
		9.5.3 Build on Existing Chinese Policy Levers and Initiatives
	References
10 Green Finance
	10.1 Foreword
	10.2 Conservation in China: Policy and Practice
	10.3 Conservation Challenges and Funding Gaps in China
		10.3.1 Conservation Challenges of Terrestrial Ecosystem
		10.3.2 Conservation Challenges of Marine Ecosystem
		10.3.3 China’s Impact on Overseas Ecosystem
	10.4 The Financial Model of Conservation and Biodiversity in the World: Experience and Best Practice
		10.4.1 Expanding Finance Directed at Conservation
		10.4.2 Reform and Rule Change
		10.4.3 Positive Disruption
		10.4.4 China Overseas and International
	10.5 Framework, Main Tools and Challenges of China’s Conservation Finance
		10.5.1 Conservation Funding Sources in China
		10.5.2 Challenges in Conservation Financing in China
	10.6 Overall Plan to Promote Conservation and Biodiversity Finance in China
		10.6.1 Improve the Efficiency of Using Government Financial Funds
		10.6.2 Strengthen the Coordination Between Macro-financial Policies and Financial Regulatory Policies
		10.6.3 Exert the Role of the Capital Market to Support Conservation Finance
		10.6.4 Improve the Basic Conditions of Conservation Finance
		10.6.5 Fully Utilize the Power from the Whole Society
	10.7 Policy Recommendations on Promoting Conservation and Biodiversity Finance
		10.7.1 Expand the Scope of Green Finance and Provide Strategic Guidance for Private Finance to Enter the Fields of Conservation and Biodiversity
		10.7.2 Improve the Policy Framework of Conservation Finance and Establish a More Effective Incentive and Restraint Mechanism
		10.7.3 Improve the Infrastructure of Conservation Finance by Strengthening the Systematic Management of Natural Resources and the Eco-environment Protection
	References
Appendix A Policy Recommendations from the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED)
Green Economic Recovery: Seize the Opportunity Presented by the Post-pandemic Economic Recovery to Promote Green Development and Pivot Toward Socioeconomic Resilience
Green Urbanization: Make Progress in Green Urbanization and Rural Revitalization Starting with City Clusters and Counties to Tap the Potential of Structural Shifts
Green Consumption: Expand and Upgrade Domestic Consumption and Promote Green Consumption as the Transformative Driver of the Green Transition
Ecological Integrity: Enhance Ecological Integrity and Connectivity to Tackle Environmental Challenges
Green Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Supply Chain: Achieve Global Green Prosperity Through Green Cooperation
Appendix B Progress on Environment and Development Policies in China and Impact of CCICED’s Policy Recommendations (2019–2020)
Appendix C CCICED Phase VI Composition (as of December 2020)