Green Chemistry: Principles and Designing of Green Synthesis

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Green Chemistry: Principles and Designing of Green Synthesis
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About the book
Contents
1. Green chemistry: introduction and principles
	1.1 Introduction and need
	1.2 Green chemistry importance
		1.2.1 Green olefin metathesis
		1.2.2 Use of green olefin metathesis technology to form cold water detergents
		1.2.3 Medicine via green technology
		1.2.4 Computer chips involving supercritical CO2
		1.2.5 Biodegradable plastics
		1.2.6 Water-based acrylic-alkyd paints with low VOC
	1.3 The 12 principles of green chemistry
		1.3.1 Waste prevention
		1.3.2 Atom economy
		1.3.3 Less hazardous chemical synthesis
		1.3.4 Designing safer chemicals
		1.3.5 Safer solvents and auxiliaries
		1.3.6 Design for energy efficiency
		1.3.7 Use of renewable feedstocks
		1.3.8 Reduce derivatives
		1.3.9 Catalysis
		1.3.10 Design for degradation
		1.3.11 Real-time pollution prevention
		1.3.12 Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention
	1.4 Designing of green synthesis
	References
2. Designing a green synthesis
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Chemical synthesis
	2.3 Designing a green synthesis using these principles
	2.4 Prevention of waste/byproducts
		2.4.1 Maximum incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products (atom economy)
			2.4.1.1 Feedstock
			2.4.1.2 Reactions
		2.4.2 Atom economy
	2.5 Prevention/minimization of hazardous/toxic products
	2.6 Designing safer chemicals: different basic approaches
	2.7 Applications of green chemistry in organic synthesis
	2.8 Selection of appropriate auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents)
		2.8.1 Green solvents
		2.8.2 Solventless process
		2.8.3 Immobilized solvents and ionic liquids
	2.9 Energy requirements for reactions
		2.9.1 Use of microwaves
		2.9.2 Ultrasonic energy
	References
3. Microwave-assisted green synthesis
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Microwave-assisted reactions in water
			3.1.1.1 Hofmann elimination
			3.1.1.2 Hydrolysis
			3.1.1.3 Oxidation
	3.2 Microwave-assisted reactions in organic solvents
		3.2.1 Esterification
		3.2.2 Fries rearrangement
		3.2.3 Ortho ester Claisen rearrangement
		3.2.4 Diels Alder Reaction
		3.2.5 Decarboxylation
		3.2.6 Alkylation
		3.2.7 Oxidation–reduction or redox reactions
		3.2.8 Reduction of aryl halide
		3.2.9 Coupling reactions
		3.2.10 Cannizaro reaction
			3.2.10.1 Crossed Cannizaro reaction
			3.2.10.2 Reformatsky reaction
	References
4. Solvent-free green synthesis
	4.1 Solid-state microwave-assisted reactions or solvent-free reactions
		4.1.1 Aromatic nucleophilic substitutions
		4.1.2 Deacetylation
		4.1.3 Oxidation
		4.1.4 N-Alkylation
		4.1.5 O-Alkylation
		4.1.6 Reduction
		4.1.7 Solid-state microwave-assisted Fries rearrangement
	4.2 Protection and deprotection in organic synthesis reactions
		4.2.1 Deprotection
	4.3 Saponification of esters
	4.4 Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis
		4.4.1 Esterification
		4.4.2 Saponification
		4.4.3 Hydrolysis
		4.4.4 Substitution reactions
		4.4.5 Alkylation
		4.4.6 Oxidation
		4.4.7 Reduction
		4.4.8 Coupling reactions
		4.4.9 Reformatsky reaction
	References
Index