Graphene: From Theory to Applications

Preface
Contents
1 Discovery of Graphene
	1.1 What Is Graphene?
	1.2 Andre Geim’s Random Walk
	1.3 Flying Frog and Gecko Tape
	1.4 Sticky Tape Led to Nobel Prize
	1.5 Carbon Atom Family
2 The Quantum Mechanics
	2.1 Quantum Essences
		2.1.1 Wave-Particle Duality
	2.2 Quantum Tunneling Effect
	2.3 Spins
	2.4 Identical Particles
	2.5 Quantum Entanglement
	2.6 Wave Functions
	2.7 Uncertainty Principle
	2.8 Wave Function Collapse
	2.9 Probability
3 Microscopy Graphene
	3.1 Atom and Electron Cloud
	3.2 Covalent Bonds and Hybrid Orbitals
	3.3 A Snapshot of the Inside of an Atom
	3.4 Microscopy Techniques
		3.4.1 Optical Microscope
		3.4.2 Electron Microscope
		3.4.3 Scanning Probe Technology
	3.5 Spectral Analysis
	3.6 Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
	3.7 Experimental Observation of Graphene
4 Lattice and Energy Band
	4.1 Structure Determines Properties
	4.2 What Is a Crystal?
		4.2.1 Bravais Lattices
		4.2.2 Bragg Reflection
		4.2.3 Bloch Wave
		4.2.4 Brillouin Zones
	4.3 What Is Energy Band?
	4.4 Conductors, Insulators, Semiconductors
	4.5 Free Electrons in Crystals
	4.6 Effective Mass and Band Structure
	4.7 The Significance of Effective Mass
5 Electrons Dance in Graphene
	5.1 Band Structure of Graphene
	5.2 Approximation Methods
		5.2.1 Nearly-Free Electron Model
		5.2.2 Tight-Binding Approximation
	5.3 Schrodinger Equation
	5.4 Special Theory of Relativity
	5.5 Dirac Equation
	5.6 Dirac Cone
6 Quantum Topology
	6.1 Rubber-Sheet Geometry
		6.1.1 Manifold and Topology
		6.1.2 Genus
		6.1.3 Topological Invariants
		6.1.4 Fiber Bundles and Chern Class
	6.2 Classic Hall Effect
	6.3 Quantum Hall Effect
	6.4 Hall Effect in Graphene
	6.5 Laughlin State
	6.6 The Spin Dance of Electrons
	6.7 The Hall Effect Family
	6.8 Graphene and Topological Insulators
7 New Materials
	7.1 Graphene Production Technique
		7.1.1 Micromechanical Peeling Method
		7.1.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
		7.1.3 Epitaxial Growth Method
		7.1.4 Synthesis of Reduced Graphite Oxide Method
		7.1.5 Electrochemical Method
		7.1.6 Ultrasonic Liquid-Phase Exfoliation Method
	7.2 Graphene Family Nanomaterials
		7.2.1 Multilayer Graphene
		7.2.2 Graphene Nanoribbons
		7.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes
		7.2.4 Fullerene
	7.3 Derivatives of Graphene
		7.3.1 Graphene Oxide
		7.3.2 Magnetic Graphene
		7.3.3 Graphene Sandwich
		7.3.4 Calcium Doped Graphene
	7.4 Superconductivity and Graphene
	7.5 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
	7.6 Three-Dimensional Graphene
8 Application and Prospects
	8.1 Energy Materials
	8.2 Electronic Devices
	8.3 Ultra-thin Material that Soft and Rigid
	8.4 Lightweight and Super Strong Material
	8.5 Environmental Purification
	8.6 Biomedicine
	8.7 Graphene and Glass
References