Governing Thirdness: State, Society, and Non-Binary Identities in Pakistan

Cover
Governing Thirdness
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
1 Governance, Thirdness, and the Khawaja Sira of Pakistan
	The Khawaja Sira of Pakistan
	Meeting the Khawaja Sira of Lahore
	Accounting for Self
	Politics of the Subject
	Organization of the Book
	Notes
2 Governing Thirdness through Religion, History, and Language
	Khawaja Sira through the Ages
	Not Transgender
	Khawaja Sira in Ancient India
	Khawaja Sira in Islam
	Notes
Part I Social Governance
	3 Governing Thirdness in the Family
		Categorization at Birth
		Categorization at Adolescence
		What Will the Neighbours Think?
		Leaving the Family
		Men as Guardians of Social Norms in the Family
		Notes
	4 Governance in the Khawaja Sira Community
		Guru–Chela Relationship and Governance
		Money and Governance
		Governance of Desire
		The Counterfactual of Hijrapan
		Old Age, Fluidity, and the Khawaja Sira Identity
		Structure of Care or Structure of Discipline?
		Note
Part II Legal Governance
	5 Governing Thirdness by Law
		British India and the Legal Construction of Eunuchs
		Khawaja Sira Legal Identity in Pakistan
		Government Discourses
		Construction of Thirdness by the Supreme Court
			Khawaja Sira as Biological Identity
			Khawaja Sira as a Disorder
			Khawaja Sira as Eunuch
		Recognition without Distribution?
		Afterword: The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018
		Notes
	6 Resisting Legal Thirdness
		Family and Legal Thirdness
		Religion and Legal Thirdness
		Material Costs of Legal Thirdness
		Symbolic Costs of Legal Thirdness
		Legal Identity, Thirdness, and the Patriarchal Bargain
		Notes
Part III Bureaucratic Governance
	7 Governing Thirdness at the Bureaucratic Offices
		Lack of Knowledge
		Burdensome Rules
		The Dismissive Bureaucracy
		Long Lines and the Mocking Public
		Bureaucratic Governance in Alternative Spaces
		Informal Governance in Formal Spaces
		Note
	8 Governing Thirdness at Work
		Traditional Source of Income
		Hiding Hijrapan and Failing at the Workplace
		Discipline, Surveillance, and Moral Policing
		Confronting an Ethical Dilemma
		A Khawaja Sira–governed Workplace
		Jobs, Visions, and Thirdness at Work
		Notes
	9 Governing Thirdness on the Street
		If We Don’t Beg, Should We Do Burglaries?
		What Are You Doing Here?
		What Is He Paying You?
		Bureaucracy as Guardian of the Cis-gendered Public Spaces
		Notes
	10 Resisting Bureaucratic Governance of Thirdness
		Individual Contestation
			I Quickly Take Off My Clothes
			One Can’t Tell It’s You
			I Don’t Wait in Lines
		Relational Contestation
			If They Don’t Listen to Us, We Just Call Her
			How Did You Reach That Office!
			My Relatives Are in Police
		Collective Resistance
		Resistance, Leadership, and Bureaucratic Governance of Thirdness
		Note
	11 Waste, Governance, and Inclusion
		Imagining Inclusive Governance
			Ensuring Economic Inclusion
			Ensuring Social Inclusion
			Ensuring Legal Inclusion
			Ensuring Bureaucratic Inclusion
			Changing the Symbolic Relations between the Khawaja Sira and Their Saviours
		Note
Glossary
Bibliography
Index