Goat production and supply chain management in the tropics

Cover......Page 1
Goat Production and Supply Chain Management in the Tropics......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of Tables......Page 12
List of Figures......Page 14
About the Book......Page 18
Preface......Page 20
Acknowledgements......Page 22
  1.1.2 Animal unit coefficient......Page 24
  1.1.3 Stocking density in the tropics......Page 25
   Central American countries......Page 26
   East African countries......Page 28
   South Asian countries......Page 29
  1.1.5 Impact of goat population on tropical livestock units......Page 30
  1.2.1 Change in livestock population growth in tropics......Page 31
 1.3 Goat Population with Respect to Herd Health Monitoring......Page 34
 1.4 Goat Production Contributions and Challenges to Food Security......Page 35
  Protocol 1: Stocking rate determination by average animal weight method (Dida, 2017)......Page 36
  Protocol 3: Selected indicators of livestock resources derived from livestock units (Chilonda and Otte, 2005)......Page 37
  Protocol 5: Selected indicators to monitor trade trends in livestock and livestock products (Chilonda and Otte, 2005)......Page 38
 1.6 References......Page 39
   Body size......Page 40
   Selecting the best animal based on anatomical characteristics......Page 42
   Other evaluation parameters......Page 43
  2.1.4 Selection practices......Page 45
   Concept of selection......Page 46
   Basis of selection......Page 47
   Selection differential......Page 48
   Repeatability......Page 49
   Phenotypic and genetic correlation......Page 50
   Growth and feed conversion efficiency......Page 52
   Milk production......Page 53
  2.2.1 Milk production......Page 56
  2.2.4 Synthetic breed development......Page 57
  2.3.2 Social organization......Page 58
   Asian subcontinent......Page 59
   China......Page 73
   African continent......Page 74
   Threatened populations......Page 78
   Identification of conservation stocks......Page 81
  2.6.2 Breeding strategy......Page 82
  2.7.2 Record keeping and database management......Page 83
  2.8.1 Breeding operation......Page 84
  2.8.2 Mating......Page 86
  2.9.2 The show-ring judging and goat shows......Page 87
   Multi-locus markers......Page 88
   Single-locus markers......Page 89
  2.10.5 mtDNA diversity and Y-chromosome haplotype......Page 90
  2.10.6 Genomics in animal breeding......Page 91
   Phenotyping to heat stress......Page 92
   Body/heart girth......Page 93
   c) Milk recording format......Page 95
  Protocol 3: Correction factors......Page 96
   Doe score card......Page 97
   Breed descriptor for registration ( www.nbagr.res.in)......Page 98
 2.12 References......Page 100
   Physiology of female reproduction......Page 109
  3.2.3 Reproductive efficiency......Page 112
  3.2.4 Reproductive disorders and infertility......Page 113
  3.2.5 Reproductive failures......Page 115
  3.2.7 Basic pregnancy and lactation care......Page 116
   Environmental manipulation......Page 117
   Methods of oestrus detection......Page 118
   Heat synchronization......Page 119
   Ultrasonography......Page 120
  3.3.3 Embryo transfer......Page 122
  Protocol 1: Goat semen evaluation......Page 123
   Prostaglandin-based protocols......Page 124
   Procedures for artificial insemination technicians......Page 125
 3.5 References......Page 126
 4.1 Basics of Goat Nutrition......Page 129
   Functional anatomy......Page 131
   The function of the stomach......Page 132
   Intestine digestion......Page 133
  4.2.2 Forage/roughage......Page 134
  4.2.3 Grains and concentrate......Page 135
   Feed additives......Page 136
 4.3 Feeding Practices......Page 137
   Feeding for milk production......Page 138
  4.3.2 Feeding of kids......Page 139
  4.3.5 Feeding pregnant goats......Page 140
  4.5.4 Urea/ammonia toxicity......Page 141
  4.6.2 Milk fever......Page 142
 4.7 Feed Resources Development and Conservation......Page 143
 4.8 Strategies for Feed Formulation in Agro-Climatic Zones......Page 144
   How much energy and protein?......Page 145
   How to calculate energy and protein requirement......Page 147
   Protocol for complete feed preparation......Page 152
   Preparation of licking blocks for supplementary feeding......Page 153
  Protocol 3: Nutrient requirements (NRC, 2007)......Page 154
 4.10 References......Page 157
   Sample collection......Page 160
  5.1.2 Signs of a healthy goat......Page 161
  5.1.3 Biosecurity and goat diseases......Page 163
   Enterotoxaemia......Page 164
   Bacterial pneumonia......Page 166
   Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)......Page 167
   Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease)......Page 168
   Mastitis......Page 169
   Peste des petits ruminants......Page 170
   Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)......Page 171
   Goat pox......Page 172
   Contagious ecthyma (contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, scabby mouth, sore mouth)......Page 173
   Rift Valley fever (RFV)......Page 174
   Gastrointestinal nematodiasis......Page 175
   Cestodiasis (Monieziasis)......Page 176
   Coccidiosis......Page 178
   Ectoparasitic infestation......Page 179
   Contagious agalactia......Page 180
   Theileriosis......Page 181
   Retained placenta and metritis......Page 182
   Routes for administering medication......Page 183
   Sample collection, packaging and field necropsy......Page 184
   Colibacillosis......Page 185
   Tetanus......Page 186
  5.4.2 Diseases in growing kids up to 3 months of age......Page 187
   Resistance versus tolerance......Page 188
  5.5.2 Mechanisms of disease resistance......Page 189
  5.5.3 Host resistance phenotypes and approaches for selection for disease resistance......Page 190
   A case study of nematode infections in goats......Page 191
   Pregnancy toxaemia, ketosis or fatty liver disease (pregnancy disease, pregnancy ketosis or twin kid disease)......Page 192
   Nutritional deficiency diseases......Page 193
   Urolithiasis......Page 194
   Collection of medicinal plants......Page 195
  5.7.4 Listeriosis (circling disease/silage disease/caprine bacterial encephalitis)......Page 196
  5.7.9 Taenia infections (taeniasis, cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis, coenurosis, neurocoenurosis)......Page 197
   Collection of samples......Page 198
   Disease-wise sample collection......Page 199
   Procedure......Page 201
  Protocol 4: Common drugs and dosages used in goats in clinical practice......Page 203
  Protocol 5: Preventive health calendar for goats......Page 205
   Post-mortem procedure......Page 206
   Pre-transport activities......Page 208
   Examination of urine......Page 209
   Examination of skin samples for mites and fungus......Page 210
   Identification of eggs......Page 211
   How to use FAMACHA......Page 213
   Format for collecting information when attending a disease outbreak......Page 214
   Format for survey on neonatal mortality (0 days to 3 months)......Page 216
   Feed and fodders......Page 217
 5.9 References......Page 218
  6.1.1 Housing design......Page 222
   Space requirements......Page 223
  6.2.1 Housing pattern......Page 224
  6.2.2 Housing facilities for different requirements......Page 225
 6.3 Working Facilities......Page 226
  6.4.2 Feeding facilities......Page 229
 6.5 Flock Management......Page 230
  6.5.1 Preferred management practices in a flock......Page 231
   Clipping......Page 232
   Wound management......Page 233
   Kid management after birth......Page 234
  6.5.3 Management during natural disasters......Page 235
  6.6.3 Aquaculture and goat farming......Page 236
   Fire-retardant treatment......Page 237
   Preparation of stabilized mud–cow dung slurry......Page 238
   Hexagonal feeder......Page 239
   Kid feeder with hay rack and watering device......Page 240
   Circular watering device......Page 241
  6.8 References......Page 242
  7.2.1 Goat production systems in the tropics......Page 243
   Mixed farming: humid......Page 244
 7.3 Pastoralist Production Systems in India and Africa......Page 245
  7.3.2 The Gaddis pastoralists......Page 246
  7.3.3 Changpa pastoralists......Page 248
  7.3.4 Gola pastoralists......Page 249
 7.4 Characterization of Production Systems......Page 250
  7.5.1 Methodology to assess production systems......Page 251
   Tools......Page 252
 7.7 Indicators for Sustainability in Goat Production Systems......Page 253
  7.7.3 Viable economy......Page 254
   The Indo-Swiss Goat Development and Fodder Production Project (ISGP)......Page 255
   The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)......Page 256
   Developmental projects in Kenya......Page 257
   Development projects in Uganda......Page 258
   Weaknessess......Page 259
   Starting a goat farm enterprise......Page 260
   Goat enterprise budget analysis......Page 261
   Budget analysis for subsistence goat farming......Page 262
   Perception report......Page 263
   PART A: Format for characterization of goat production systems......Page 264
   PART B: Background information......Page 265
   PART C: Information about goat production system......Page 267
   Part E: Economics of goat rearing......Page 274
   Part F: Innovation in goat production......Page 275
 7.12 References......Page 276
8 Goat Products Supply Chains......Page 278
 8.2 Goat Meat Supply Chain Management......Page 279
 8.3 Goat Fibre Supply Chain Management......Page 282
 8.5 Goat Therapeutic Protein Supply Chain Management......Page 283
  8.6.1 Facility growth......Page 287
  8.6.4 Capacity addition......Page 289
  8.6.6 Carrier logistics......Page 290
  8.6.7 Packaging technology......Page 291
 8.7 Supply Chain Risk Management......Page 292
  8.8.2 Inventory planning and control......Page 293
   Finished goods......Page 294
  8.9.3 Flow of manufacturing costs......Page 296
  8.9.4 Trace link and serialization of biological products......Page 297
 8.10 The Impact of New Technology Development on Supply Chains......Page 298
 8.11 Green Logistics and Supply Chains......Page 299
  8.12.2 Quality control management......Page 301
 8.13 Quality Assurance......Page 302
  8.13.1 The legal basis for approval of biological drugs......Page 303
   Meat quality......Page 304
   Milk quality......Page 305
   Goat milk products......Page 306
   Goat fibre......Page 307
 8.16 References......Page 308
Index......Page 312
Back Cover......Page 323