Globalisation and governance in the Pacific Islands

Globalisation and Governance in the Pacific Islands......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 5
Acknowledgements......Page 7
Introduction......Page 9
1. Keynote Address — From Neo-Liberalism to the New Medievalism......Page 15
Introduction......Page 31
Global civil society challenges to neo-liberalism......Page 32
Neo-liberal reform and civil society resistance in the Pacific region......Page 35
Recent NGO challenges to Pacific governments and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat......Page 39
NGO constraints and challenges......Page 41
References......Page 45
3. Regionalism and Cultural Identity: Putting the Pacific back into the plan......Page 51
The plan......Page 52
The process......Page 53
The content of the plan and culture......Page 54
Making culture central to the plan: building on the past......Page 55
The difficulties of integrating culture......Page 57
Culture and regionalism: a strategy......Page 58
Conclusion......Page 62
References......Page 63
Labour Migration......Page 65
An economic context......Page 67
A population context?......Page 71
Internal migration......Page 72
International migration......Page 74
A rationale......Page 78
Remittances......Page 80
Selectivity and skilled migration......Page 89
Outcome of skill loss......Page 90
A policy context?......Page 92
Conclusion: the outward urge......Page 99
References (Parts 1 and 2)......Page 104
Introduction......Page 115
Dimensions of international migration......Page 116
International migration and development......Page 117
Migration trends in Oceania......Page 118
2. Permanent labour migration phase (since 1970)......Page 119
Fiji’s international peacekeeping......Page 121
4. Contemporary immigration......Page 122
Remittances in Fiji......Page 123
Migration and development in Fiji......Page 124
Conclusion......Page 125
References......Page 126
7. ‘Tonga Only Wants Our Money’: The children of Tongan migrants......Page 129
The sustainability of remittances......Page 130
Investigating second-generation transnationalism......Page 132
Piloting the ‘Tongan ties’ project......Page 135
More migration as a solution?......Page 139
Conclusion......Page 140
References......Page 141
Introduction......Page 145
Labour mobility and trade negotiations......Page 148
The growing importance of remittances......Page 150
Case study: Iraq......Page 151
Social impacts......Page 152
Remittances and development......Page 155
Seasonal work and horticulture — Australia and the world......Page 157
Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Workers’ Program......Page 159
Labour mobility from the Pacific......Page 161
Labour rights and working conditions......Page 164
Recruitment and government regulation......Page 165
Addressing social impacts on families......Page 166
Creating incentives to avoid overstaying......Page 167
Government policy to support migrant workers......Page 169
Sharing the costs......Page 170
Conclusion — beyond trade and economics......Page 171
References......Page 173
A profile of the Fijian migrants......Page 181
Push factors for mobility out of Fiji......Page 183
Contracts......Page 184
Case study one: Fijian migrants’ salaries at Ebeye Health Clinic, Marshall Islands, 2002......Page 187
Remittances......Page 188
Case study two: Remittances of Fijian nurses in Ebeye, Marshall Islands......Page 190
Legal aspects of work and travel......Page 191
Conclusion......Page 192
References......Page 193
Sugar and Garments......Page 195
10. Fiji: Sugar and sweatshirts, migrants and remittances......Page 197
Sugar and garments......Page 198
Scenario one: Migrants, settlements and the informal economy......Page 204
Scenario two: Workers and remittances......Page 209
Conclusion......Page 214
References......Page 216
Introduction......Page 225
The Tax-Free Factory/Tax-Free Zone scheme......Page 227
The Fijian garment industry: Dependent development......Page 229
New initiatives: Breathing life or buying time?......Page 231
‘Local companies’......Page 232
‘Regional companies’......Page 234
‘Global companies’......Page 235
The industry today and tomorrow: multiple futures......Page 236
Who benefits from a competitive garment industry?......Page 237
The end of the line?......Page 239
References......Page 242
Corporate and State Governance in Mining and Forestry......Page 245
12. Global Capital and Local Ownership in Solomon Islands’ Forestry Industry......Page 247
Global capital and local resources......Page 248
Solomon Islands forestry: A brief background......Page 251
Logging and local communities......Page 259
References......Page 262
13. Mining, Social Change and Corporate Social Responsibility: Drawing lines in the Papua New Guinea mud......Page 267
Mining as the driver of change......Page 269
Entering the sustainability debate......Page 271
Drawing lines......Page 275
Conclusions......Page 278
References......Page 279
14. The ‘Resource Curse’ and Governance: A Papua New Guinean perspective......Page 283
The ‘resource curse’......Page 285
The Mineral Revenue Stabilisation Fund (MRSF)......Page 288
Development forum......Page 289
Tax Credit Scheme (TCS)......Page 290
Conclusion......Page 291
References......Page 292
Tradition, Culture and Politics......Page 295
15. Keynote Address — Governance in Fiji: The interplay between indigenous tradition, culture and politics......Page 297
References......Page 304
16. The State of the State in Fiji: Some failings in the periphery......Page 305
A post-1987 coup story......Page 306
The nature of the Fijian State......Page 307
State institutions and ethnicity......Page 309
State functions......Page 310
State personnel......Page 311
Intensification of market-led development......Page 313
The State and affirmative action......Page 314
Increasing social inequality and poverty......Page 316
The changing global politico-economic environment......Page 317
References......Page 319
17. Power Sharing in Fiji and New Caledonia......Page 325
The making and unmaking of Fiji’s multi-party cabinet laws......Page 329
Outcomes of the 1999 election......Page 331
Outcomes of the 2001 polls......Page 333
2002 Court of Appeal judgment......Page 335
2003 Supreme Court judgment......Page 336
The 2004 Supreme Court judgment......Page 339
Unravelling majoritarian rule in New Caledonia......Page 341
The 1999 elections......Page 342
Outcomes of the 2004 polls......Page 345
Lessons with regards to power-sharing institutions......Page 347
References......Page 351
The Constitution......Page 357
Political leadership......Page 364
Conclusion......Page 368
References......Page 369
19. Matai Titles and Modern Corruption in Samoa: Costs, expectations and consequences for families and society......Page 371
Who gave what and where did it come from?......Page 373
Where did this cash come from?......Page 374
The installation ceremony and the political agenda......Page 375
The gifting......Page 377
References......Page 378
Media, Civil Society and Democracy......Page 381
As the theory goes......Page 383
The machinery of government......Page 385
What foreigners can do to help......Page 386
Knowledge as a valued commodity......Page 387
Even a little knowledge is a dangerous thing......Page 388
Enter the media......Page 389
The media as a watchdog......Page 390
Conclusion......Page 391
References......Page 392
Background......Page 393
The PNG media today......Page 394
War against corruption......Page 396
Daily coverage of governance-related issues......Page 398
Global issues and the PNG media......Page 399
b. Media organisations......Page 401
f. Use of paid advertisements for governance issues......Page 402
j. The media’s adaptation of foreign issues......Page 403
Recommendations......Page 404
Media......Page 405
Conversations......Page 406
22. Democracy in Papua New Guinea: Challenges from a rights-based approach......Page 407
The political context in PNG: Challenges and critical issues......Page 408
Rights-based approach: A developmental perspective......Page 409
Empirical reasons for a rights-based approach......Page 410
The democratic role of political parties......Page 412
Conclusion......Page 413
References......Page 414
Community perspective on governance......Page 417
Governance and civil society......Page 418
Governance, livelihood realities and challenges......Page 420
References......Page 423
List of Contributors......Page 425
Index......Page 431