Global trade in fakes : a worrying threat

Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Table of contents
Executive Summary
Chapter 1.  The trade in fakes: Setting the scene
	Introduction
	Scope of the study
	Trends in global trade prior to the COVID-19 pandemic
	References
Chapter 2.   Updating the picture
	Data
		Trade data
		Seizure data
	Methodological and statistical aspects: The GTRIC methodology
		Industry analysis (GTRIC-p)
		Provenance economies (GTRIC-e)
		The trade in counterfeits as a whole
	References
Chapter 3.  The trade in fakes: A first glance
	Overview of seizures of counterfeit goods
		Provenance economies
		Product categories
		Conveyance methods and extent of seizures
	References
Chapter 4.  The trade in fakes: The current picture
	Provenance economies
	Impacted industries
	Impacted economies
	Mapping real routes for trade in fakes: industry cases
		Trade routes for fake perfumery and cosmetics
			Provenance and destination economies
			Producers and transit points
		Trade routes for fake leather articles and handbags
			Provenance and destination economies
			Producers and transit points
		Trade routes for fake footwear
			Provenance and destination economies
			Producers and transit points
		Trade routes for fake toys and games
			Provenance and destination economies
			Producers and transit points
		Trade routes for fake jewellery
			Provenance and destination economies
			Producers and transit points
		Trade routes for fake clothing
			Provenance and destination economies
			Producers and transit points
	Estimating the total value of the trade in counterfeit and pirated goods
	References
Chapter 5.  The European Union case study
	IP intensity of the EU economy
	Imports of fakes to the EU: the updated picture
	Estimates of counterfeit and pirated imports to the EU
	References
Chapter 6.  The trade in counterfeits during the pandemic
	Channels of transmission
	Effects
		New trade routes
		Abuse of the online environment
		Key sectors targeted
			Pharmaceuticals
			Food, tobacco and alcohol
	References
	Notes
Chapter 7.  Concluding remarks
	Directions for future work
	References
Annex A. Methodological notes
Annex B. Additional tables