germany 1918-1933: socialism or barbarism

Preface
Introduction
	Opening Drama
	News From Germany
	Dual Power
	Emperor With No Clothes
	The Armistice
	Workers Held Power
	Barbarism
	Learn From History
Chapter One: The Rise of German Social Democracy
	Growth of German Capitalism
	Marx and Engels
	Engels Distorted
	Revisionism
	International Response
	Karl Kautsky
	Differences With Lenin
	Lenin and Kautsky
	Break With Kautsky
	Millerandism
	The General Strike
	Anti-War Feelings
	The Great Betrayal
	Epoch of Imperialism
	All Eyes on German SPD
	Stunning Blow
	Zimmerwald
	Lenin at Zimmerwald
	The Spartacists
	Internationale Group
	Growing Opposition
	Junius Pamphlet
	Birth of USPD
	February Revolution
	Strike Wave
	The Russian Revolution
	Brest-Litovsk
	Luxemburg and the Russian Revolution
Chapter Two: In the throes of Revolution
	Prince Von Baden
	Talk of Insurrection
	Mutiny Spreads
	Revolution Spreads
	Workers’ and Soldiers’ Councils
	Hate It Like Sin
	Ebert Becomes Chancellor
	Long Live the Republic!
	Traditional Parties
	‘Their Government’
	People’s Commissars
	New Breed
	Ebert and the Generals
	What Kind of Democracy?
	The Problem of the National Assembly
	Renegade Kautsky
	National Congress of Councils
	Tactical Mistake
	Socialisation
	Left-Wing Communism
	Counter-Revolution Raises Its Head
	Peoples’ Naval Division
	Witch-Hunt Begins
	Communist Party Founded
	Rebellious Youth
	New Born
Chapter Three: Counter-Revolution Raises its Head
	The Spartacist Uprising
	Dismissal of Eichhorn
	Traitors to the Proletariat
	Deliberations
	‘Dogs of War’
	How Could You?
	Luxemburg, Liebknecht Murdered
	Friedrichsfelde
	Luxemburg’s ‘Error’
	National Assembly Election
	Freikorps Intervene
	‘Schiessbefehl’
	Works Councils
	Bavarian Soviet Republic
Chapter Four: The Kapp Putsch March 1920
	Two Counter-Revolutionary Wings
	Learning the Lessons
	The Split
	Political Polarisation
	Building the Comintern
	The Halle Conference
	School of Communism
	New VKPD Leadership
	Theory of the Offensive
	Unmitigated Disaster
	Ecci Supports German ‘Lefts’
	Lenin on Germany
	Lines Drawn
	Third Comintern Congress
	The United Front Tactic
	The Case of Paul Levi
	Battle Lines Drawn
Chapter Five: The Spoils of War
	Squeeze until the Pips Squeak
	Carthaginian Peace
	French Occupation of the Ruhr
	Hyperinflation
	Revolutionary Situation
	Looking the Wrong Way
	Anti-Fascist Day
	Preparing the Insurrection
	October Days
	Hamburg Uprising
	Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch
	The Aftermath of 1923 Defeat
	Lessons of October
Chapter Six: The Interregnum
	Struggle Sharpens
	Socialism in One Country
	Stabilisation
	Eight-Hour Day Abolished
	Economic Revival
	Soviet-German Relations
	Uprising Still Remains on the Agenda
	Fifth World Congress
	Removal of Fischer-Maslow
	1925 Presidential Election
	Open Letter
	The 1928 General Election
	Young Plan
	The Third Period
	May Day 1929
	The 1929 Crash
	Brüning Government
Chapter Seven: Fascism’s Rise to Power
	Big Business Turns to Hitler
	The Fascist Henry Ford
	Reichstag Election in September 1930
	Neurosis of the Petty Bourgeoisie
	Stalinism and Fascism
	Violence Spreads
	The ‘Red’ Referendum
	Berlin Transport Strike
	Critical Situation
	Hindenburg Returned
	July 1932 Election
	November 1932 Election
	Repression and Bonapartism
	Hitler Becomes Chancellor
	‘Legal Means’
	The Reichstag Fire
	March 1933 Election
Chapter Eight: The Nazi Terror
	No Resistance
	May Day Appeal
	Destroying the Unions
	SPD Banned
	The Stalinist Response
	Defiance
	Night of the Long Knives
	Stalin and Hitler
	‘Left’ Historians
	Austrian Uprising
	Underground Resistance
	Situation Reassessed
	Reform or New Party?
	Germany Prepares for War
	Second World War
	General’s Plot
	Fourth International
	Future Prospects
Appendix One: Hitler’s British Connections
	January Club
	Royal Family
Appendix Two: The Case of Béla Kun
Glossary
Bibliography