Geotechnical Engineering and Sustainable Construction: Sustainable Geotechnical Engineering

Contents
Development in Geotechnical Engineering
Improving the Gypseous Soil Bearing Capacity Using Geotextile Reinforcement Under Dry Condition
	1 Introduction
	2 Material, Equipment, and Test Setup
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modeling of Circular Tunnel Alignment Under Seismic Loading
	1 Introduction
	2 Alignment of Tunneling
	3 Seismic Loading
	4 Numerical Modeling
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Triaxial Compression Behavior of Sandy Soil Polluted with Crude Oil
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Preparation of Samples
	3 Experimental Work
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Isotropic and Cross-Anisotropic Stiffness Parameters for Unsaturated Soils Using Conventional and Bishop\'s Stress State Variables
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 MATLAB Code
	4 Interpretations and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Effect of Electric Field on the Settlement Behavior to Improve Gypseous Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Soil Sampling and Geotechnical Properties
	3 Experiential Work
	4 Testing Procedures
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Tsunami Waves, Causes and Its Implications: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Climate Change
	3 Tsunami Occurrence Factors
	4 Tsunami Propagation
	5 Run up and Inundation
	6 Tsunami Wave-Structure Interaction
	7 Tsunami and Geo-Earth Structure Failure
	8 Conclusions
	References
The Scale Effects on the Shear Strength Behavior of Silty Sand Soil in Direct Shear Tests
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Tunnel-Soil-Structure Interaction Under Seismic Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Numerical Model
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation on Shear Strength of Gypseous Soil in Dry and Soaking Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Suction—Resistivity Relationship in Unsaturated Gypseous Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Work
	3 Testing Procedure
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Assessment of Effect of Tidal Level and Footing Proximities on Retaining Wall-Grain Interactions Using Finite Element Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Finite Element Method Simulations
	4 Numerical Results and Analysis
	5 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Dam Breach Parameters Using Different Approaches for Earth-Fill Dam
	1 Introduction
	2 Definitions of Breach Parameters
	3 The Governing Approaches
	4 The Study Area
	5 The Flood Hydrograph
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Manufacturing of Small-Scale Flume to Assess the Riverbank\'s Settlement
	1 Introduction
	2 Parts of the Designed Flume
	3 Test of Models
	4 Operating, Measuring Equipment, and Control Unit
	5 Differential Linear Displacement Sensor (LVDT, Linear Variable Differential Transducer)
	6 Model Test Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
Groundwater Analysis Based on the Hydrogeological Model of Taichung Basin, Taiwan
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Analysis Software and Theory Introduction
	3 Research Site and Data Collection
	4 Historical Rainfall Distribution
	5 Historical Groundwater Levels and Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Design and Manufacturing of Rainfall Simulator Machine for the Soil Erosion Investigation
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Rainfall Simulator Machine
	3 The Rainfall Simulator Machine Performance
	4 The Rainfall Uniformity
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Analysis of Water and Crude Oil Flux from Clayey Soil by GeoStudio-SEEP/W
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Selected Section of the Mosul Dam Grout Curtain
	1 Introduction
	2 The Grout Curtain in  Mosul Dam Foundations
	3 Grout Curtain in Mosul Dam
	4 Mosul Dam Instrumentation (Piezometers)
	5 The Efficiency of the Grout Curtain
	6 Modeling the Dam in SEEP/W Software
	7 Analysis of the Model and Discussion of the Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
Stability of Slopes Under Unsaturated Conditions Using a Modified Upper Bound Theorem
	1 Introduction
	2 Modified DLO Approach
	3 Modeling Unsaturated Condition
	4 Numerical Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Monitoring of the Western Breakwater of Al-Faw Grand Port-South of Iraq Using Differential InSAR-ISBAS Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 DInSAR Data and Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Modelling of Surface Runoff in Watershed Areas Related to Bahr AL-Najaf
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results of Calibration and Validation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Challenges in Foundation Engineering
Bearing Capacity of Model Strip Footing on Unsaturated Very Loose Sand
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Testing Procedure
	3 Properties of the Tested Soil
	4 Results of the Model Tests
	5 Numerical Modeling
	6 Prediction of Bearing Capacity
	7 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Overall Static and Seismic Stability of Oil Tank Resting on Shallow Foundation: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Site Characterization
	3 Numerical Modelling
	4 Validation of the Present Numerical Analysis
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Oil Tank Resting Over Untreated Soil
	7 Oil Tank Resting Over Improved Soil
	8 Dynamic Analysis
	9 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modeling of Screw Piles Performance Under Static and Seismic Loads in Soft Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modeling
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Simulation of Driven Piles Under Static Axial Compressive Load Testing Using Finite Element Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Site Characterization
	3 Experiential Static Axial Compressive Load Test
	4 Numerical Modeling
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Investigation of Pullout Capacity of Screw Piles in Soft Clayey Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Geotechnical Properties of Soft Clay
	3 Physical Model and Piles
	4 Testing Procedure
	5 Load Transmission Mechanism
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Embankment on the Behavior of Rigid Passive Pile Group in Sandy Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Properties
	3 Experimental Settings and Testing Procedure
	4 Data Analysis
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Effect of River Water Level on the Shallow Foundation Behavior with Two Slopes of Riverbank
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Instruments Used
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modeling of Sheet Pile Quay Wall Performance Subjected to Earthquake
	1 Introduction
	2 Quay Walls
	3 Seismic Loading
	4 Methodology of Numerical Modeling
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Effect of Wing Ratio of Single Helix Screw Pile on Ultimate Compression Capacity Embedded in Cohesionless Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Tests and Physical Modeling
	3 Installation and Loading Machine
	4 The Compression Capacity Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Analysis of Piles Group Surrounded by Grouting Under Seismic Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Soil Improvement by Grouting
	3 Seismic Loading
	4 Numerical Modeling
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Spacing Ratio on the Pull-Out Capacity of Double Helix Pile in Organic Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
	3 Test Method
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Comparative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Pile Tests at the Site of the Astana Medical University Hospital in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Pile Tests
	3 Static Pile Tests
	4 Conclusions
	References
Vertical Displacement Analysis of Embedded Square Foundation Under Vertical Dynamic Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Vertical Displacement of Square Surface Foundation
	3 Effect of Square Foundation Embedment on the Vertical Displacement
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Investigation of Laterally Loaded Pile Response and CohesionLess Soil Deformation Pattern Using PIV Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Particle Image Velocimetry Technique
	3 Experimental Work
	4 Model Test Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Experimental Investigation the Response of Pile Groups to Inclined Cyclic Loading in Sandy Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials Used and Experimental Testing Program
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modeling of Under Reamed Piles Behavior Under Dynamic Loading in Sandy Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Merges in Structural Engineering and Construction Materials
Exploring Biochar as Stable Carbon Material for Suppressing Erosion in Green Infrastructure
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Dynamic Response of Slender Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened by Using CFRP and Circularization Subjected to Seismic Excitation
	1 Introduction
	2 Circularization
	3 Methodology of Study
	4 Material Properties
	5 Numerical Modeling
	6 Test Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Influence of Various Parameters on the Development of Deformations in Reinforced Base
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Summary
	References
Human-Induced Vibration on Light-Gauge Steel Lightweight Concrete Composite Floors
	1 Introduction
	2 Human-Induced Dynamic Load
	3 Assessment of Vibration Problem Due to Human Load
	4 Structural Model
	5 Modeling of The Structural Orthotropy
	6 Finite Element Model
	7 Dynamic Analysis
	8 Results and Conclusions
	References
Evaluating Nonlinear Behavior of a Reinforced Concrete Building with Shear Walls and Concentric Steel Bracings
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study and Numerical Modelling
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Yield Line Model for Estimation Shear Strength UHPC Non-prismatic Beams
	1 Introduction
	2 Yield Line Model
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Live Load Distribution Factors of a Highway Bridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Experimental Test
	4 Locations of the Trucks
	5 Finite Element Analysis
	6 Evaluation of the LLDFs
	7 LLDFs from Experimental and FE
	8 Effect of CFD
	9 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Analysis of Historical Masonry Minaret Subjected to Wind Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Nonlinear Structural Analysis of the Minaret
	3 Conclusions
	References
Accuracy Assessment of Shell Finite Elements for Considering to Masonry Structures Under Seismic Loading
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modelling
	3 Description of the Structure
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Stability and Seismic Performance of Tall Steel Structures with Hybrid Energy Absorbers Including P-Delta Effect
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Earthquake Excitation
	4 Stability Index
	5 Building Models
	6 Analyses Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
Estimations the Combined Flexural-Torsional Strength for Prestressed Concrete Beams Using Artificial Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN)
	3 Conclusions
	References
Theoretical Evaluation of Sand Subgrade Behavior Underneath the Asphalt Pavement with Rutting Deformation
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
	3 Laboratory Models Preparation
	4 Finite Element Modeling
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	7 Future Work
	References
Large Scale Laboratory Setup for Testing Structural Performance of Slender High-Strength Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Fire: A Preliminary Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Cement
		2.2 Fine Aggregate
		2.3 Coarse Aggregate
		2.4 Micro Silica
		2.5 Super-Plasticizer
		2.6 Polypropylene Fibers
		2.7 Mix Preparation
		2.8 Testing Device
		2.9 Reinforced Concrete Columns
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Investigation of Masonry Arches Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Composites CFRP
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Framework
	3 Arch Models Construction
	4 Test Results
	5 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Mechanical Properties of Normal Strength Concrete Covered with Gypsum Layers and Exposed to High Temperatures (Fire Flame)
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Properties
	3 Concrete Mixer
	4 Temperature Measurements
	5 Mechanical Properties Test
	6 Modulus of Rupture Test
	7 Compressive Strength Results
	8 Modulus of Rupture (ƒr)
	9 Modulus of Elasticity (Ec)
	10 Splitting Tensile Strength (fsp.)
	11 Conclusion
	References
Performance of Self-compacting Geopolymer Concrete with and Without Portland Cement at Ambient Temperature
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Construction Management and Sustainability
Cost Prediction of Roads Construction Projects Using OLS Regression Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 The Problem and Aims
	4 Previous Studies
	5 Data Collection
	6 OLS Model Development
	7 Pearson’s Correlation Factor
	8 Conclusions
	References
Modeling of Variation Orders in Cost and Time Using System Dynamics in Iraqi Construction Projects
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Case Study
	4 Description of The Modeling of System Dynamic
	5 The Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Evaluating the Performance of Iraq Construction Projects Using Building Information Modelling Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Case Study: Internal Departments Building No. (2) at the University of Diyala
	4 Generate 3D Model for the Selected Case Study
	5 Scheduling the Project Activities
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
The Priorities for the Distribution of Primary School Projects According to the Spatial Gap Criterion at Baghdad/Iraq
	1 Introduction
	2 Spatial Development Gap
	3 Analysis of Spatial Development Conditions in the City of Baghdad
	4 The Spatial Dimension of Primary Education Services in the City of Baghdad
	5 Calculate Priority in the Distribution of Primary School Projects
	6 Conclusion
	References
Regulation of Supplier Standards in Iraq: Through Sustainability Standards
	1 Introduction
	2 Supply Chain
	3 Construction Procurement
	4 Supplier Selection
	5 Field Survey and Statistical Analyzing
	6 Economic, Environment, and Social Rating System (EES)
	7 Results and Conclusions
	References
Assessment of Standard Request for Proposal for the Selection of Consultants in Iraq
	1 Introduction
	2 Roles of Consultant Engineer During the Construction Project
	3 Impact of Consultant Performance on Construction Project Success
	4 Importance of Selection the Proper Consultant for the Project
	5 SBDs for Consultancy Service (SRPFCS)
	6 Methodology
	7 Questionnaire
	8 Results and Discussion
	9 Conclusions
	References
An Optimization Model to Estimate the Construction Costs of Highways Projects: Al-Rihab Highway as a Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Data Collection
	4 Formulation
	5 Monthly Requirements and Plants Limit Constraints
	6 Non-negativity Constraints
	7 Discussion of Results
	8 Conclusions
	References
Determine the Most Common Geotechnical Risks and Their Impacts on the Cost and Time Schedule for Implementing Water Treatment Plants in Iraq
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Data Used
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	5 Recommendations and Suggestions
	References
Mapping and Analyzing Flood Hazard Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Diyala River Basin, Iraq
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Datasets
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Towards Sustainable Local Tourism to Conserve the Natural Environment: Foundations of Sustainable Ecolodge Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Sustainable Ecolodge Design
	3 Conclusions
	References
Using Infrared Spectroscopy to Examine the Influences of Stabilizers on the Molecular Structure of Stabilized Contaminated Clay Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program and Materials
	3 Testing Program
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Spatial Analysis of Archaeological and Heritage Sites Using Geographic Information System Techniques: A Case Study of Wasit Province, Iraq
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Future Cities and Reality: Analytical Preview of the Different Theories from Information Cities, Smart Cities, to Liveable Cities
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methods
	3 Discussion of Future Cities’ Theories
	4 Results Summary and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References