Geospatial Information Handbook for Water Resources and Watershed Management, Volume III: Advanced Applications and Case Studies

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Editors
Contributors
1. Introduction to Volume III
	Introduction to the Water Geospatial Handbook
	History
	Traditional Approaches Augmented
	Building Spatial Datasets
	Spatial Positioning
	Spectral Resolution
	Scaling and Modeling
	Deterministic Modeling
	Verification
	Applications
2. Introduction to Volume III and Two-Stage Ditch and River Geomorphology Case Study
	Volume III, Chapter 3, History of Ditches and Drainage
	Volume III, Chapter 4, Active Floodplain Characteristics and Discharges
	Volume III, Chapter 5, Design Tools for Two-Stage Ditches
	Volume III, Chapter 6, Ditches and Stability over Time
	Volume III, Chapter 7, Remote Measures of River Change
	Volume III, Chapter 8, Fluvial Geomorphology and River Widening
	Volume III, Chapter 9, Prioritizing Remediation of Lakes
	Volume III, Chapter 10, Ecological Services, Water, and Climate
	Volume III, Chapter 11, Ecological Services and Water Quality
	Volume III, Chapter 12, Capturing Soil Moisture Variations
3. Water Resources and Agricultural Ditch Management
	Background
	Agricultural Drainage in Europe and Early America
	American Settlement of the Midwest
	Technological Advances and Legislation Affecting Agricultural Drainage Systems in the 20th Century
	Scientific and Cultural Shifts in the View of Stream Systems and Land Drainage
	Stream and River Morphology Research
	Effects of Channelization on Hydrology and Hydraulics
	Stream Ecology and Water Quality Research
	Effects of Channelization on Stream Biota and Water Quality
	Federal Legislation and the Culture of Agricultural Drainage
	Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Naturalization of Drainage Ditches
		Persistent Nutrient Enrichment Becomes a National Priority
	Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches to Improve Water Quality
	Alternative Agricultural Drainage Ditch Approaches and Design
		Geomorphology and Fluvial Processes in Agricultural Drainage Ditches
	Aquatic Diversity and Water Quality in Agricultural Drainage Ditches
	Managing Floodplains in Agricultural Ditches: The Two-Stage Ditch Approach
	Conclusions
	References
4. Active Floodplain Requirements for Sustaining Two-Stage Channel Geometry
	Introduction
	Processes in Channel Systems
		Dynamic Equilibrium
	Channel-Forming Discharges
	Active Floodplain Requirements
		Channel Hydraulics and Characteristics
	Active Floodplain Minimum Size Requirements
	Discussion
	Acknowledgments
	References
5. Enhanced Channel Design v2.6: A Design Tool for Two-Stage Ditches and Self-Forming Channels
	Introduction
	Enhanced Channel Design v2.6 Software
	Literature for Further Background Reading
6. Evaluating Geomorphic Change in Constructed Two-Stage Ditches
	Introduction
	Methods
		Study Site Description
		Data Collection
	Determinations of Geomorphic Change
	Regional Hydraulic Geometry Relationships
	Results
	Geomorphic Change in the Inset Channel
	Geomorphic Change below the Lower Datum and on the Benches
	Geomorphic Changes below the Upper Datum and in the Banks
	Discussion
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
7. Air-Photo-Based Change in Channel Width Sedimentation in the Minnesota River Basin
	Introduction
	Identifying and Measuring Bankfull Width
	Mechanisms of Channel Width Change
	Regional Setting
	Methods
		Measurements of Channel Width
	Hydraulic Geometry/Channel Cross-Sectional Area
	Sediment Size
	Results
		Width Change Measurements
	Change in Hydraulic Geometry
	Cross-Sectional Area Estimates
	Size Distribution Data
	Bankfull Volume Estimates
	Discussion
		Temporal Change in Hydraulic Geometry
	Basin-Wide Implications
	Significance of Widening-Related Sediment for Lower Minnesota River
	Other Geomorphic Adjustments
	Management Implications
	Conclusions
	Minnesota River over the Past Several Decades
	Acknowledgments
	References
8. Hydrologic Alteration Drives Channel Widening and Alters Sandbar Vegetation Dynamics on a Large, Alluvial River in Minnesota, USA
	Introduction
	Research Site Location and History
	Hydrologic and Geomorphic Change on the Lower Minnesota River
	Research Questions
	Methods
	Historic Aerial Photo and GIS Investigations
	Field Data Collection of Stream Bank Erosion, Sediment and Nutrient Properties, and Floodplain Deposition
	Calculations of Change to Shear Stress in the Lower Minnesota River
	Streamflow Trends
	Ecohydrological Investigations of Sandbar Vegetation
	Results and Discussion
		Field Study of Streambank Properties and Erosion Rates
	Rates of Bank Retreat in the Minnesota River Basin Since 1991
	Channel Change in the Lower Minnesota River 1938–2009
	Calculations of Changes to Bankfull Shear Stress
	Depositional Rates
	Riparian Vegetation and Hydrology Interactions Effect on Channel Evolution
	Management Implications
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
9. A Comparison of Methods for Prioritizing Lakes in Minnesota
	Introduction
	Material and Methods
		Study Lakes and Environmental Data
	Groundwater Dominance, Lake Watershed Transport Capacity, and Lake Watershed Health Index
	Values-Based Model Prioritization
	Benefit: Cost Ratio Analysis
	Lake Biological Community Prioritization
	Comparison of Prioritizations
	Results
		Groundwater Dominance, Lake Watershed Transport Capacity, and Lake Watershed Health Index
	Values-Based Model Prioritization
	Benefit: Cost Ratio Prioritization
	Comparison of Prioritizations
	Lake Conservation Case History
	Discussion
	Acknowledgments
	References
10. Water Yield Ecosystem Services Assessment in Periyar Tiger Reserve
	Introduction
	Study Area
	Materials and Methodology
	Data Preparation
	Average Annual Reference Evapotranspiration
	Plant Available Water Content
	Soil Depth
	Land Use Land Cover
	Precipitation
	Watersheds and Sub-Watersheds
	Biophysical Table
	Seasonality Factor (Z)
	Result
	Discussion
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
11. Water Quality Parameters as Related to Small Watershed Land Cover
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
		Water Sample Collection and Land Use Survey
			Kutukchari
			Kichingmontala
			Ghilachari
		Water Sample Preservation and Analyses
	Results
		Land Use and Creek Water Quality
		Land Use and Seepage Water Quality
	Discussion
		Effect of Land Use/Land Cover of Water Quality Parameters
		Correlation of Spatial Variation, Slope, and Aspect of the Catchments on Water Quality Parameters
		Water Quality Parameters and Plantation Watershed
		Water Quality Parameters and Shifting Cultivation Watershed
		Water Quality Parameter in Plantation to Shifting Cultivation Watershed
		Limitation of Micro-catchment Approach in Land Use-Water Quality Study
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
12. Soil Moisture Estimation Using a SAR Water Cloud Model for an Improved Anchor Pixel Selection Process in SEBAL
	Introduction
	Study Area and Datasets
	Ground Data
	Satellite Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing
	Water Cloud Model
	Inversion of Soil Moisture Content
	Correction Factor Applied to Estimate the Moisture Content in WCM
	Anchor Pixel Selection Method
	Results and Discussions
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Index