Genetics: From Genes to Genomes

Cover
Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Basic Principles: How Traits Are Transmitted
	Chapter 1 Mendel's Principles of Heredity
		1.1 The Puzzle of Inheritance
		1.2 Genetic Analysis According to Mendel
		1.3 Mendelian Inheritance in Humans
	Chapter 2 Extensions to Mendel's Laws
		2.1 Extensions to Mendel for Single-Gene Inheritance
		2.2 Extensions to Mendel for Two-Gene Inheritance
		2.3 Extensions to Mendel for Complex Trait Inheritance
		2.4 A Comprehensive Example: Dog Coat Color Genes
	Chapter 3 Chromosomes and Inheritance
		3.1 Chromosomes: The Carriers of Genes
		3.2 Mitosis: Cell Division that Preserves Chromosome Number
		3.3 Meiosis: Cell Divisions that Halve Chromosome Number
		Genetics and Society: Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
	Chapter 4 Sex Chromosomes
		4.1 Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination
		4.2 Gametogenesis
		4.3 Sex Linkage
		4.4 Sex-Linked and Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Humans
		4.5 Human Intersexuality
		Fast Forward: Transgenic Mice Prove that SRY Is the Maleness Factor
		Fast Forward: Visualizing X-Chromosome Inactivation in Transgenic Mice
	Chapter 5 Linkage, Recombination, and Gene Mapping
		5.1 Gene Linkage and Recombination
		5.2 Recombination: A Result of Crossing-Over During Meiosis
		5.3 Mapping: Locating Genes Along a Chromosome
		5.4 The Chi-Square Test and Linkage Analysis
		5.5 Tetrad Analysis in Fungi
		5.6 Mitotic Recombination and Genetic Mosaics
		Fast Forward: Mapping the Crossovers thatGenerate the Chromosomes of Individual Human Sperm
		Fast Forward: Gene Mapping Has Led to Treatments for Cystic Fibrosis
		Tools of Genetics: The Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
		Genetics and Society: Mitotic Recombination and Cancer
Part II: What Genes Are and What They Do
	Chapter 6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination
		6.1 Experimental Evidence for DNA as the Genetic Material
		6.2 The Watson and Crick Double Helix Model of DNA
		6.3 Genetic Information in Nucleotide Sequence
		6.4 DNA Replication
		6.5 Homologous Recombination at the DNA Level
		6.6 Site-Specific Recombination
	Chapter 7 Mutation
		7.1 Mutations: Primary Tools of Genetic Analysis
		7.2 Molecular Mechanisms that Alter DNA Sequence
		7.3 DNA Repair Mechanisms
		Fast Forward: Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases
	Chapter 8 Using Mutations to Study Genes
		8.1 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Structure
		8.2 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Function
		8.3 A Comprehensive Example: Mutations that Affect Vision
	Chapter 9 Gene Expression: The Flow ofInformation from DNA to RNA to Protein
		9.1 The Genetic Code
		9.2 Transcription: From DNA to RNA
		9.3 Translation: From mRNA to Protein
		9.4 Differences in Gene ExpressionBetween Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
		9.5 The Effects of Mutations on Gene Expression and Function
		Genetics and Society: HIV and Reverse Transcription
Part III: Analysis of Genetic Information
	Chapter 10 Digital Analysis of DNA
		10.1 Fragmenting DNA
		10.2 Cloning DNA Fragments
		10.3 Sequencing DNA
		10.4 Sequencing Genomes
		Tools of Genetics: Serendipity in Science: The Discovery of Restriction Enzymes
	Chapter 11 Genome Annotation
		11.1 Finding the Genes in Genomes
		11.2 Genome Architecture and Evolution
		11.3 Bioinformatics: Information Technology and Genomes
		11.4 A Comprehensive Example: The Hemoglobin Genes
	Chapter 12 Analyzing Genomic Variation
		12.1 Variation Among Genomes
		12.2 Genotyping a Known Disease-Causing Mutation
		12.3 Sampling DNA Variation in a Genome
		12.4 Positional Cloning
		12.5 The Era of Whole-Genome Sequencing
		Fast Forward: Genetic Genealogy
		Tools of Genetics: The Lod Score Statistic
Part IV: How Genes Travel on Chromosomes
	Chapter 13 The Eukaryotic Chromosome
		13.1 Chromosomal DNA and Proteins
		13.2 Chromosome Structure and Compaction
		13.3 Chromosomal Packaging and Gene Expression
		13.4 Replication of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
		13.5 Chromosome Segregation
		13.6 Artificial Chromosomes
	Chapter 14 Chromosomal Rearrangements
		14.1 Rearrangements of Chromosomal DNA
		14.2 The Effects of Rearrangements
		14.3 Transposable Genetic Elements
		14.4 Genome Restructuring and Evolution
		Fast Forward: Programmed DNA Rearrangements and the Immune System
	Chapter 15 Ploidy
		15.1 Aberrations in Chromosome Number: Aneuploidy
		15.2 Variation in Number of Chromosome Sets: Euploidy
		15.3 Whole-Genome Duplication as a Driver of Evolution
	Chapter 16 Bacterial Genetics
		16.1 The Enormous Diversity of Bacteria
		16.2 Bacterial Genomes
		16.3 Bacteria as Experimental Organisms
		16.4 Gene Transfer in Bacteria
		16.5 Using Genetics to Study Bacterial Life
		16.6 A Comprehensive Example: How N. gonorrhoeae Became Resistant to Penicillin
		Genetics and Society: The Human Microbiome Project
	Chapter 17 Organellar Inheritance
		17.1 Mitochondria and Their Genomes
		17.2 Chloroplasts and Their Genomes
		17.3 The Relationship Between Organellar and Nuclear Genomes
		17.4 Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
		17.5 Mutant Mitochondria and Human Disease
		Fast Forward: Mitochondrial Eve
Part V: How Genes Are Regulated
	Chapter 18 Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
		18.1 The Elements of Prokaryotic Gene Expression
		18.2 Regulation of Transcription Initiation via DNA-Binding Proteins
		18.3 RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Gene Regulation
		18.4 Discovering and Manipulating Bacterial Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
		18.5 A Comprehensive Example: Control of Bioluminescence by Quorum Sensing
	Chapter 19 Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
		19.1 Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
		19.2 Control of Transcription Initiation Through Enhancers
		19.3 Regulation After Transcription
		19.4 A Comprehensive Example: Sex Determination in Drosophila
		Tools of Genetics: The Gal4/UASG Binary Gene Expression System
	Chapter 20 Epigenetics
		20.1 Genomic Imprinting
		20.2 Inheritance of Programmed Gene Repression Through Cell Division
		20.3 Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance
		20.4 A Comprehensive Example: Epigenetic Inheritance in Mice
Part VI: Using Genetics
	Chapter 21 Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes
		21.1 Creating Transgenic Organisms
		21.2 Uses of Transgenic Organisms
		21.3 Targeted Mutagenesis
		21.4 Human Gene Therapy
		Tools of Genetics: Cloning by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
		Tools of Genetics: How Bacteria Use CRISPR/Cas9 to Vaccinate Themselves Against Viruses
		Genetics and Society: Should We Alter Human Germ-Line Genomes?
	Chapter 22 Genetic Analysis of Development
		22.1 Model Organisms: Prototypes for Developmental Genetics
		22.2 Mutagenesis Screens
		22.3 Determining Where and When Genes Act
		22.4 Ordering Genes in a Pathway
		22.5 A Comprehensive Example: Body Plan Development in Drosophila
	Chapter 23 The Genetics of Cancer
		23.1 Characteristics of Cancer Cells
		23.2 The Genetic Basis of Cancers
		23.3 How Cell Division Is Normally Controlled
		23.4 How Mutations Cause Cancer
		23.5 Personalized Cancer Treatment
		Tools of Genetics: Analysis of Cell-Cycle Mutants in Yeast
Part VII: Beyond the Individual Gene and Genome
	Chapter 24 Variation and Selection in Populations
		24.1 The Hardy-Weinberg Law: Predicting Genetic Variation in "Ideal" Populations
		24.2 What Causes Allele Frequencies to Change in Real Populations?
		24.3 Ancestry and the Evolution of Modern Humans
	Chapter 25 Genetic Analysis of Complex Traits
		25.1 Heritability: Genetic Versus Environmental Influences on Complex Traits
		25.2 Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs)
		Tools of Genetics: The Chi-Square Test for Independence
Guidelines for Gene Nomenclature
Brief Answer Section
Glossary
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Index
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