Genetics of Salt Tolerance in Plants: A Central Dogma Perspective and Strategies for Enhancement

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Genetics of Salt Tolerance in Plants
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
1 Involvement of Genetic Mutations in Plant Salt Tolerance
	Abstract
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 DNA Mutations and Their Role in Salt Tolerance
	1.3 Role of Mutation Breeding
		1.3.1 TILLING
	1.4 Precise Genetic Modifications for Salinity Tolerance in Plants
		1.4.1 CRISPR-mediated genome editing
	1.5 Conclusion
	References
2 Regulation of Nucleotide Metabolism in Response to Salt Stress
	Abstract
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Nucleotide Structure
		2.2.1 De novo synthesis of purines
		2.2.2 Salvage of purines
		2.2.3 De novo synthesis of pyrimidines
		2.2.4 Salvage of pyrimidines
		2.2.5 Subcellular localization
	2.3 Purines
	2.4 Pyrimidines
	2.5 Nucleotide Regulation
	2.6 Role in Salt Stress
		2.6.1 Purines
		2.6.2 Pyrimidines
	2.7 Conclusions
	References
3 Role of DNA Replication Proteins in Salinity Tolerance of Plants
	Abstract
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Salinity Response and Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants
	3.3 Replication Fork and Replisome Assembly – An Overview
	3.4 The MCM Complex Helicase – Role in DNA Replication
	3.5 The Helicase Unwinding Machinery that Initiates Replication
		3.5.1 Classification of helicase families
		3.5.2 Role of helicases in salinity
	3.6 DNA Polymerases
		3.6.1 Plant replicative DNA polymerases
		3.6.2 Role of DNA polymerases in salinity tolerance
	3.7 Topoisomerases
		3.7.1 The role of topoisomerase in salinity tolerance
	3.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
	References
4 Chromatin Architecture: Role of Epigenetic Modifications and Nucleosome Occupancy in Modulating Plant Responses to Salt Stress
	Abstract
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Epigenetic Modifications in Modulating Plant Responses to Salt Stress
		4.2.1 DNA methylation
		4.2.2 Histone modifications
		4.2.3 Influence of ncRNAs in modulating salt tolerance of plants
	4.3 Nucleosome Occupancy in Modulating Plant Responses to Salt Stress
	4.4 Future Perspectives
Acknowledgements
	References
5 Functional Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in Plant Salt Tolerance
	Abstract
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Regulatory Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Plant Adaptation
		5.2.1 RNA splicing
		5.2.2 RNA folding
		5.2.3 RNA editing
		5.2.4 RNA modification, transport and localization
		5.2.5 RNA stability and decay
		5.2.6 RNA translation
	5.3 Salt Tolerance and RNA-Binding Protein Studies in Plants
		5.3.1 Arabidopsis thaliana
		5.3.2 Oryza sativa
		5.3.3 Triticum aestivum L.
		5.3.4 Other plants
	5.4 Advances in Methods of Detecting RNA-Binding Proteins in Plants
	5.5 Future Outlook and Conclusion
	References
6 Sequestration of mRNAs: Role of Stress Granules and Processing Bodies in Plant Salt Tolerance
	Abstract
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Brief Overview of Heat-Shock Stress Granules in Plants
	6.3 Chloroplast Stress Granules and Abiotic Stress
	6.4 Processing Bodies and Their Role in Abiotic Stress
	6.5 Salt Hypersensitivity of Stress Granule Component Mutants
		6.5.1 Heat-shock proteins
		6.5.2 RNA helicases
		6.5.3 DUF proteins
		6.5.4 Tandem CCCH zinc finger (TZF) proteins
		6.5.5 Core components of stress granules are required for salt-stress responses
	6.6 Conclusion
	References
7 Updates on Protein Post-Translational Modifications for Modulating Response to Salinity
	Abstract
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Post-Translational Modifications: An Overview of Common Classes
		7.2.1 Phosphorylation
		7.2.2 N-terminal acetylation
		7.2.3 Ubiquitination
		7.2.4 SUMOylation
		7.2.5 Lipidation
		7.2.6 S-acylation
		7.2.7 N-myristoylation
		7.2.8 N-glycosylation
	7.3 General Overview: Mechanism and Role of Phosphorylation in Regulating Salinity-Stress Responses
		7.3.1 Protein phosphorylation orchestrating ion homeostasis under salt stress
		7.3.2 Crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and protein kinases: unravelling signalling pathways under salt stress
	7.4 Nα-Acetylation Effect on Growth Retardation and Salt Tolerance
	7.5 Role of Ubiquitination: Influence on Salinity Tolerance in Plants
	7.6 SUMOylation: A Complex Post-Translational Modification Impacting Salinity Stress through its Effect on Membrane Transporters and Redox State of Plant Cells
	7.7 Exploring Lipidation: A Novel Frontier and its Implications on Salinity Stress
	7.8 Glycosylation: Exploring its Role as a Key Player in the Intricate Response to Salinity Stress
	7.9 Navigating the Database Landscape for Post-Translational Modifications
	7.10 Conclusion
	References
8 Integration of Genomics-Assisted and Speed Breeding for Enhancement of Plant Salt Tolerance
	Abstract
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Effect of Salt Stress on Plant Growth
	8.3 Genomics-Assisted Breeding for Development of Salt-Tolerant Crop Cultivars
	8.4 Genomic Selection for Breeding Salt Tolerance
	8.5 Genomics-Assisted Breeding for Salt Tolerance in the Era of Genotyping based on High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing
	8.6 Speed Breeding Applications in Salt-Stress Mitigation
	8.7 Integrated Approach of Speed Breeding and Genomics-Assisted Breeding for Development of Salt-Tolerant Cultivars
	8.8 Conclusion
	References
9 Advances in Plant Phenotyping for Enhanced Salt Tolerance
	Abstract
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Importance of Phenotyping in Genetic Studies of Salt Tolerance
	9.3 Advances in Precision Phenotyping of Salt Tolerance
	9.4 Integrating High-Throughput Phenotyping with Genetic Studies for Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Crops
	9.5 Conclusion
	References
10 De Novo Domestication of Wild and Halophilic Plants for Designing Salt-Tolerant Crops: Acceleration through CRISPR
	Abstract
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Plants and Salinity
	10.3 Ion Transporters in Sodium Homeostasis
	10.4 Crop Domestication and Loss of Halophytism
	10.5 Crop Wild Relatives as Sources of Traits for Salinity Tolerance
	10.6 Pangenomes, Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy, and Speed Breeding for Mainstreaming Crop Wild Relatives
	10.7 Advances in CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Editing Technology for Crop Species
	10.8 Delivering Where it Matters: Advances in Plant Transformation and CRISPR Construct Delivery In Planta
	10.9 CRISPR and De Novo Domestication of Polyploids: Present Status
	10.10 A Possible Way Forward: Combining Technologies to Achieve De Novo Domestication of Saline-Tolerant Crop Wild Relatives
	References
Index
Cabi
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