Gender and Number Agreement in Arabic

‎Contents
‎Acknowledgments
‎Tables and Figures
‎Note on Terminology and Transcriptions
‎Introductory Note
‎Chapter 1. Previous Studies on Agreement in Arabic
	‎1.1. Agreement through Time: Arabic Old and New
	‎1.2. Written Arabic
	‎1.3. Spoken Arabic
‎Chapter 2. Describing the Systems
	‎2.1. Agreement from a Typological Perspective
	‎2.2. Morphological Markers of Gender and Number in Arabic
		‎2.2.1. Written Arabic
		‎2.2.2. Gender-Distinguishing Varieties of Spoken Arabic
		‎2.2.3. Non-distinguishing Varieties of Spoken Arabic
		‎2.2.4. Divergent Inventories
	‎2.3. The Spoken Dialects
		‎2.3.1. Singular Agreement
		‎2.3.2. Plural Agreement in Gender-Distinguishing Dialects: Sources
			‎2.3.2.1. Morocco and Algeria
			‎2.3.2.2. Tunisia
			‎2.3.2.3. Libya
			‎2.3.2.4. Egypt
			‎2.3.2.5. Chad, Cameroon and Nigeria
			‎2.3.2.6. Sudan
			‎2.3.2.7. Palestine and Israel
			‎2.3.2.8. Syria, Lebanon and Turkey
			‎2.3.2.9. Jordan
			‎2.3.2.10. Iraq
			‎2.3.2.11. Saudi Arabia
			‎2.3.2.12. Gulf States
			‎2.3.2.13. Yemen
			‎2.3.2.14. Oman
			‎2.3.2.15. Iran
			‎2.3.2.16. Uzbekistan
			‎2.3.2.17. Summary
		‎2.3.3. Plural Agreement in Gender-Distinguishing Dialects: A Corpus-Based Analysis
			‎2.3.3.1. Our Corpus of Najdi Texts
			‎2.3.3.2. Agreement with Human Controllers
			‎2.3.3.3. Agreement with Nonhuman Controllers: Collective Controllers
			‎2.3.3.4. Agreement with Nonhuman Controllers: Plural Controllers
		‎2.3.4. Plural Agreement in Gender-Distinguishing Dialects: Description
			‎2.3.4.1. Apophonic Plurals
			‎2.3.4.2. Feminine Singular Agreement with Plural Controllers
		‎2.3.5. Plural Agreement in Non-distinguishing Dialects: The Question of Complexity
		‎2.3.6. Plural Agreement in Non-distinguishing Dialects: Sources
		‎2.3.7. Plural Agreement in Non-distinguishing Dialects: Description
		‎2.3.8. Divergent Systems
			‎2.3.8.1. F.PL Adjectival Agreement in Non-distinguishing Dialects
			‎2.3.8.2. Agreement in Ḥassāniyya
			‎2.3.8.4. Dialects with Exceptional Morphosyntactic Behavior
		‎2.3.9. The Effects of Word Order: Target-Controller Agreement
	‎2.4. Pre-Classical Arabic: Pre-Islamic Poetry and the Quran
	‎2.5. The Odd Ones Out: Classical and Modern Standard Arabic
	‎2.6. Summary
‎Chapter 3. A Diachronic Account of Agreement: Formal and Written Arabic
	‎3.1. An Overview of Agreement in Central Semitic
	‎3.2. Methodological Issues in the Selection of the Corpora
	‎3.3. A Change in Progress? Resemanticization in Pre-Islamic Poetry
	‎3.4. Down the Agreement Hierarchy (and a Few Pragmatic Detours): Evidence from the Quran
		‎3.4.1. Collectives in the Quran: Two Possibilities of Semantic Agreement
	‎3.5. Post-7th Century Poetry
	‎3.6. The Dawn of Arabic Prose: Translated Syntax in Kalīla wa-Dimna
	‎3.7. From [-Individuated] to [-Human]: The Reanalysis of Semantic Features in Classical Arabic
	‎3.8. After the 10th Century: What Escaped Standardization
	‎3.9. Nabaṭī Poetry: Poetic Register or Survival of the Old System?
	‎3.10. Summary
‎Chapter 4. The Approach of Traditional Grammar: An Attempt at Reconstruction
	‎4.1. Scope of the Chapter
	‎4.2. Early Arabic Grammar: From Sībawayh to al-Mubarrad
	‎4.3. From 10th Century Grammars to Didactic Manuals: Further Developments
	‎4.4. Between Tradition and Standardization: Arabic Grammar during the Nahḍa
	‎4.5. Summary
‎Chapter 5. A Diachronic Account of Agreement: Spoken Arabic
	‎5.1. Feminine Singular Agreement with Plural Controllers: Modern Innovation or Ancient Retention?
	‎5.2. The Loss of Feminine Plural Agreement
		‎5.2.1. Internally Motivated Change: Phonological Erosion
		‎5.2.2. Externally Motivated Change: Language Contact and the Question of Polygenesis
		‎5.2.3. A Critical Reading of al-Sharkawi (2014): The Timescale of Loss
		‎5.2.4. Agreement and the City: Urbanization as a Driver of Syntactic Change
		‎5.2.5. After the Fall: Reorganizing the System
	‎5.3. Summary
‎Bibliography
‎Index of Languages, Dialects, Tribes and Places
‎General Index