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دانلود کتاب Gattuso's Differential Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology
دانلود کتاب تشخیص افتراقی گتوزو در آسیب شناسی جراحی
مشخصات کتاب
Gattuso's Differential Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology
ویرایش: [4 ed.] نویسندگان: Vijaya B Reddy, Odile David, Daniel J Spitz, Meryl H Haber سری: ISBN (شابک) : 0323661653, 9780323661652 ناشر: Elsevier سال نشر: 2021 تعداد صفحات: 1099 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 582 Mb
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 47,000
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توجه داشته باشید کتاب تشخیص افتراقی گتوزو در آسیب شناسی جراحی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب تشخیص افتراقی گتوزو در آسیب شناسی جراحی
تشخیص افتراقی گتوسو در آسیب شناسی جراحی که به طور گسترده توسط ساکنان، همکاران و پاتولوژیست های مجرب در سراسر جهان استفاده می شود، نقشه راه کاربرپسندی را برای معیارهای اصلی برای در نظر گرفتن به منظور تمایز بین انواع تشخیص های بالقوه که همگی دارای یک ظاهر بسیار مشابه این راهنمای جامع به شما کمک می‌کند حتی برای پیچیده‌ترین و چالش‌برانگیزترین موارد خود تصمیم‌گیری آگاهانه بگیرید، و یک لیست تشخیص افتراقی جامع و مقایسه برای هر موجودیت مورد بحث ارائه می‌دهد. نسخه چهارم شما را به‌طور کامل با تکنیک‌های تشخیصی به‌روز، طبقه‌بندی‌های جدید، و محتوای جدید به‌روز می‌کند تا در تمام میکروسکوپ‌های اتاق خروج به‌طور کامل به آن مراجعه کنید. توضیحات مختصری از اختلالات شایع و ناشایع، با تاکید بر تشخیص افتراقی، همراه با مثال‌های گویا عالی از آسیب شناسی و مراجع با دقت انتخاب شده ارائه می‌دهد. فرآیند تشخیص افتراقی را با ارائه مجموعه‌ای از چک لیست‌های نقطه‌ای که ویژگی‌های مربوطه موجودیت‌های در نظر گرفته شده را به تفصیل شرح می‌دهد، ساده‌تر می‌کند. در مورد طیف کاملی از تومورها و شرایط مشابه تومور در همه سیستم های اندام بحث می کند. حاوی اطلاعات به روز شده در مورد پزشکی شخصی/دقیق مخصوصاً در رابطه با ایمنی درمانی. به عنوان مثال، درمان های هدفمند PDL-1 در بسیاری از سرطان ها. شامل طبقه بندی جدید تومورهای عصبی غدد درون ریز، طبقه بندی جدید و به روز رسانی انواع فولیکولی کارسینوم پاپیلاری تیروئید، و بخش جدیدی در مورد شایع ترین تومورهای متاستاتیک و استفاده از تکنیک های کمکی برای تشخیص و مطالعات مولکولی است. برای هر تشخیص از یک قالب طرح‌ریزی دوستانه برای خواننده استفاده می‌کند که اطلاعات بالینی، اپیدمیولوژی، یافته‌های ناخالص و میکروسکوپی، لکه‌ها و آزمایش‌های جانبی، تشخیص‌های افتراقی، و مرواریدهای خرد را شرح می‌دهد. دارای 1400 ماکرو و میکروگراف تمام رنگی است که مبنایی واقعی برای مقایسه آنچه در زیر میکروسکوپ می بینید فراهم می کند. نسخه پیشرفته کتاب الکترونیکی همراه با خرید، که به شما امکان می‌دهد به تمام متن، شکل‌ها و منابع کتاب در دستگاه‌های مختلف دسترسی داشته باشید.
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
Widely used by residents, fellows, and practicing pathologists around the world, Gattusso\'s Differential Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology provides a user-friendly road map to the main criteria to consider in order to differentiate between a variety of potential diagnoses that all have a very similar appearance. This comprehensive guide helps you make informed decisions for even your most complex and challenging cases, presenting a comprehensive differential diagnosis list and comparisons for every entity discussed. The 4th Edition brings you fully up to date with updated diagnostic techniques, new classifications, and new content throughout-perfect for quick reference at every microscope in the sign-out room. Provides brief descriptions of both common and uncommon disorders, with an emphasis on differential diagnosis, along with excellent illustrative examples of the pathology and carefully selected references. Streamlines the differential diagnosis process by offering a series of bullet point checklists that detail the respective features of the entities being considered. Discusses a complete range of tumors and tumor-like conditions in all organ systems. Contains updated information on personalized/precision medicine especially as it pertains to the immunotherapies; for example, PDL-1 targeted therapies in many cancers. Includes new classification of neuroendocrine tumors, new classification and updates of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and a new section on the most common metastatic tumors and utilization of ancillary techniques for diagnosis and molecular studies. Uses a reader friendly, outline format for each diagnosis that details clinical information, epidemiology, gross and microscopic findings, ancillary stains and tests, differential diagnoses, and pearls of wisdom. Features 1,400 full-color macro- and micrographs that provide a realistic basis for comparison of what you see under the microscope. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
فهرست مطالب
01 Gattuso’s Differential Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology 02 Copyright 03 Contributors 04 Dedication 05 Acknowledgments 06 Preface Chapter 01 1 - Special Diagnostic Techniques in Surgical Pathology LIGHT MICROSCOPY Tissue Processing Overview Fixation Histologic Stains Connective Tissue Fats and Lipids Carbohydrates and Mucoproteins Pigments and Minerals Nerves and Fibers Hematopoietic and Nuclear Elements Microorganisms: Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites Selected References Fluorescence Microscopy Selected References Electron Microscopy Technical Overview Ultrastructure of a Cell Nucleus Cytoplasm Single Membrane–Bound Structures Filaments and Tubules Cell Surface Extracellular Matrix Selected References Immunohistochemistry Introduction Technical Overview Ground Rules for Quality Application of Immunohistochemistry in Surgical Pathology A Practical Tabular Approach to Using Immunohistochemistry for Common Diagnostic Problems Selected References Flow Cytometry Introduction Technical Overview Selected Reference Cytogenetic Analysis Selected References Molecular Pathology Methods Introduction Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods Background DNA Extraction Methods RNA Extraction Methods DNA and RNA Quantification, Purity, and Integrity Assay Nucleic Acids Storage Tissue Microdissection Methods Background Methods Applications Gel Electrophoresis Methods Background Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Blot Hybridization Methods Southern Blotting Northern Blotting Dot Blotting Amplification Methods The Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymerase Chain Reaction Contamination Control Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Variations Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests in Pathology Practice Nanostring Technology Other Nucleic Acid Amplification Methods Transcription-Mediated Amplification Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Displacement Amplification Helicase Dependent Amplification Signal Amplification Techniques Branch DNA Hybrid Capture Verigene Nanosphere Microarray Technology Nucleic Acid Sequencing Next-Generation Sequencing In Situ Hybridization Protein Analytic Methods Emerging Developments Resources Chapter 02 2 - Skin and Adnexal Structures INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis Dermatitis With Minimal Epidermal Changes Selected References Selected References SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS Selected References NODULAR AND DIFFUSE DERMATITIS Cysts, Proliferations, And Neoplasms CYSTS Selected References EPIDERMAL PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS Selected References FOLLICULAR NEOPLASMS Selected References ECCRINE AND APOCRINE NEOPLASMS Selected References SEBACEOUS PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS Selected References MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS Selected References VASCULAR PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS Selected References SMOOTH MUSCLE NEOPLASMS Selected References FIBROBLASTIC PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS Selected References NEURAL NEOPLASMS Selected References HEMATOPOIETIC PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS Chapter 03 3 - Head and Neck Thyroid Gland Granulomatous Thyroiditis (De Quervain Thyroiditis) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto Thyroiditis) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Riedel Thyroiditis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Graves Disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Multinodular Goiter Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Dyshormonogenetic Goiter Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Branchial Cleft Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Teratoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Follicular Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Follicular Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (see Figure 3.12B and C) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (See Figure 3.13B and C) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Anaplastic (Undifferentiated) Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Tumors Metastasizing To The Thyroid Gland Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Parathyroid Glands Parathyroid Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Parathyroid Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Parathyroid Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Parathyroid Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Tumors Metastasizing to the Parathyroid Glands Clinical Features Gross Pathology and Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Salivary Glands Sialadenitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion (Mikulicz Disease) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoepithelial Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Salivary Duct Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mucocele (Ranula) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mixed Tumor (Pleomorphic Adenoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Myoepithelioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 3.27) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Warthin Tumor (Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Oncocytoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Cystadenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Hemangioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Basal Cell Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Sebaceous Lymphadenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Acinic Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma (Formerly Plga) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Salivary Duct Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Carcinosarcoma General Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Undifferentiated Neuroendocrine (Small Cell) Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Tumors Metastasizing to the Salivary Glands Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Paranasal Sinuses and Nasopharynx Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nasal Polyp Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Sinonasal Papilloma (Schneiderian Papilloma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Region Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Midline-Nut Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil or Oropharynx Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Olfactory Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Sinonasal Melanoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Tumors Metastasizing to the Paranasal Sinuses And Nasopharynx Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Oral Cavity Leukoplakia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Papilloma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Granular Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Radicular Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Dentigerous Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (Figure 3.67) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Ameloblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (Pindborg Tumor) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Benign Cementoblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Chondrosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Osteosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Tumors Metastasizing to the Oral Cavity Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Larynx Laryngeal (Vocal Cord) Nodule or Polyp Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Laryngeal Papilloma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Amyloidosis of the Larynx Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Trachea Classification of Tracheal Malignancies Squamous Cell Carcinoma Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Chapter 04 4 - Lung and Pleura Non-Neoplastic Conditions Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Bronchopulmonary Sequestration Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Bronchogenic Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Congenital Lobar Emphysema Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Obstructive Lung Diseases Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Emphysema Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Chronic Bronchitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Asthma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Bronchiectasis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Selected Reference Restrictive And Interstitial Lung Diseases Interstitial Pneumonias Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Organizing Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia/Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Eosinophilic Lung Diseases Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Sarcoidosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Hemorrhagic Diseases Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Goodpasture Syndrome (Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease with Pulmonary Involvement) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Pneumoconioses Silicosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Asbestosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Studies and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Iatrogenic Diseases Radiation Pneumonitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Selected References Vascular Conditions Selected References Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Infectious Diseases Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Bacterial Legionella Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Nocardiosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Atypical Mycobacterial Pneumonia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References (Bacterial Pneumonia) Fungal Aspergillosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Mucormycosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Histoplasmosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Coccidioidomycosis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Blastomycosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cryptococcosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (Pjp, or FORMERLY Pcp) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference (Fungal Pneumonia) Lung Transplantation Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Neoplastic Conditions Preinvasive Epithelial Lesions Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenocarcinoma in Situ (Formerly Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Squamous Dysplasia And Squamous Carcinoma In Situ Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis for DIPNECH Selected Reference Malignant Epithelial Tumors Overview of Classification of Lung Cancer on Small Biopsies Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Selected Reference Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Large Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Selected References Carcinoid Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Mesenchymal Tumors Pulmonary Hamartoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Lymphoproliferative Disorders Extranodalmarginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma Of The Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Other Neoplastic Conditions Malignant Mesothelioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Chapter 05 5 - Thymus and Mediastinum THYMIC CYST Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Parathyroid Cyst Cystic Hygroma (Lymphangioma) Esophageal Cyst Bronchial Cyst Cystic Teratoma Cystic Thymoma Cystic Degeneration in Hodgkin Lymphoma Selected References Foregut Cysts Of The Mediastinum: Bronchial (Bronchogenic) Cyst, 1396983920Esophageal Cyst, Enteric Duplication Cysta Clinical Features Bronchial Cyst Esophageal Cyst (Esophageal Duplication) Enteric Duplication Cyst Gross Pathology Bronchial Cyst Esophageal Cyst Enteric Cyst Histopathology Bronchial Cyst Esophageal Cyst Enteric Cyst Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thymic Cyst Mesothelial Cyst Cystic Teratoma Foregut Cysts Selected References Mesothelial Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thymic Cyst Lymphangioma Selected References True Thymic Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thymoma Thymic Follicular Hyperplasia Selected References Thymic Follicular Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Follicular Lymphoma Normal Thymus With Prominent Corticomedullary Differentiation Selected References Thymolipoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Involution of Thymus Gland Thymoma Lipoma Selected References Thymoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thymic Hyperplasia Versus Lymphocyte-Rich Thymoma Lymphoma Versus Lymphocyte-Rich Thymoma Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Burkitt Lymphoma Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma Castleman Disease Spindle Cell Sarcoma Versus Spindle Cell Thymoma Selected References Thymic Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thymus Poorly Differentiated (Lymphoepithelioma-Like) Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Clear Cell Carcinoma Basaloid Carcinoma Spindle Cell (Sarcomatoid) Carcinoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Carcinoma Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Germ Cell Tumors Lymphoma Selected References Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Thymus Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Large Cell Lymphoma Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Paraganglioma Metastatic Carcinoid or Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Selected References Chronic Mediastinitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Solitary Fibrous Tumor Hodgkin Lymphoma, Nodular Sclerosing Large Cell Lymphoma with Sclerosis Selected Reference Hodgkin Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thymoma Thymic Cyst Sclerosing Large Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Selected References Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma, B-Cell Type Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Germinoma Hodgkin Lymphoma, Syncytial Variant Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thymoma Large B-Cell Lymphoma Other Small Round Blue Cell Tumors of Childhood Granulocytic Sarcoma Neuroblastoma Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) Small Cell Carcinoma (Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Oat Cell Carcinoma) Selected References Castleman Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Hyaline Vascular Type Plasma Cell Type Histopathology Hyaline Vascular Type (About 80% of Cases) Plasma Cell Type (10%–20%) Mixed (Rare) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Follicular Lymphoma Plasmacytoma Selected References Thymic Histology in Immune Deficiencies Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology DiGeorge Syndrome B-Cell Immune Defects Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) Severe Acquired Immune Damage (AIDS and Graft-Versus-Host Disease [GVHD]) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Stress Involution Selected Reference Teratoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry OTHER Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Teratomas With Additional Malignant Components Bronchial Cyst Foregut Cysts Selected References Teratoma with Additional Malignant Components Clinical Features Gross Features Histologic Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Germinoma (Mediastinal Seminoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma With Sclerosis Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma, Syncytial Variant Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Embryonal Carcinoma Yolk Sac Tumor Choriocarcinoma Mixed Nonteratomatous Germ Cell Tumors Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Thymic Carcinoma Metastatic Melanoma Selected References Neurogenic Tumors: Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Neuroblastoma Ganglioneuroblastoma Ganglioneuroma Histopathology Neuroblastoma Ganglioneuroblastoma Ganglioneuroma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis: Neuroblastoma Ewing Sarcoma, PNET Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Small Cell Carcinoma DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Ganglioneuroblastoma and Ganglioneuroma Malignant melanoma Paraganglioma Schwannoma and malignant schwannoma Neurofibroma Selected References Schwannoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Neurofibroma Leiomyoma Selected References Metastatic Tumors Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thymic Carcinoma Germinoma Yolk Sac Tumor Embryonal Carcinoma Lymphoma Selected References Chapter 06 6 - Gastrointestinal System Esophagus Congenital and Acquired Esophageal Abnormalities Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Infectious Esophagitis Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Injurious Esophagitis Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Inflammatory Esophagitis Clinical Features Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Eosinophilic Esophagitis Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Gastroesophageal Reflux and Reflux Disease Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Barrett Esophagus Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Dysplastic Lesions Associated With Barrett Esophagus Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenocarcinoma Associated With Barrett Esophagus Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Benign Esophageal Lesions Clinical Features Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Granular Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Papilloma and Carcinoma Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Variants Clinical Features Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Rare Esophageal Neoplasms Clinical Features Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Stomach Congenital and Acquired Gastric Abnormalities Clinical Features Heterotopia Heterotopia Heterotopia Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Modern Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Xanthelasma Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Acute Erosive Gastritis Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Reactive Gastropathy Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Helicobacter Pylori–Associated Gastritis (Chronic Superficial Gastritis and Chronic Antral Gastritis) Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Autoimmune Gastritis Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Special Types of Gastritis Lymphocytic Gastritis Collagenous Gastritis Granulomatous Gastritis Eosinophilic Gastritis Selected References Peptic Ulcer Disease Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Hypertrophic Gastropathy Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Non-Neoplastic Gastric Polyps Clinical Features Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Gastric Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Gastric Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lower Gastrointestinal Tract (Small and Large Intestine) Congenital Anomalies Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Enteric Infections in Immunocompetent Hosts Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Infections in Immunocompromised Patients Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Whipple Disease Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Celiac Sprue Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Small Intestinal Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumor of the Small and Large Intestine Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Hirschsprung Disease Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Diverticular Disease Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Graft-Versus-Host Disease Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Biopsy of Ileum and Pouches Selected References Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Selected References Amebiasis Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Other Intestinal Parasitic Infestations Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphangiectasia Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Pneumatosis Intestinalis Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Melanosis Coli Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Gastrointestinal Polyps Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Molecular Classification Clinical Features of Colorectal Cancer Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Polyposis Syndromes Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Selected References Gastrointestinal Mesenchymal Neoplasms Clinical Features Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Intestinal Lymphoma Clinical Features Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Anal canal Anal neoplasia Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Vermiform appendix Developmental abnormalities Appendicitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Appendiceal Epithelial Neoplasms Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Vermiform Appendix Clinical Features Gross and Endoscopic Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Secondary Malignancies in the Gastrointestinal Tract Gastrointestinal Metastatic Disease Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Chapter 07 7 - Hepatobiliary System VIRAL HEPATITIS Clinical Features Hepatitis A Virus Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus Hepatitis D (Delta Agent) Virus Hepatitis E Virus Hepatitis G Virus Gross Pathology Histopathology Acute Viral Hepatitis Chronic Viral Hepatitis Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Alcoholic Hepatitis Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Autoimmune Hepatitis Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis Primary Biliary Cholangitis Primary Sclerosing Cirrhosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury Selected References Nonviral Infections Clinical Features Gross Pathology Syphilis Entamebiasis Echinococcal (Hydatid) Cyst Ascariasis Malaria and Leishmaniasis Histopathology Bacterial Syphilis Entamebiasis Echinococcal Infection Ascariasis Liver Flukes Malaria Leishmaniasis Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Drug-Induced Liver Injury Clinical Features Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Viral Hepatitis Autoimmune Hepatitis Biliary Obstruction Primary Biliary Cholangitis Selected References Alcoholic Liver Disease and Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chronic Viral Hepatitis Fatty Liver of Pregnancy Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Selected References Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chronic Viral Hepatitis Fatty Liver of Pregnancy Biliary Obstruction (Especially PBC) Wilson Disease Indian Childhood Cirrhosis Selected References Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury Reye Syndrome Hepatitis C Virus Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Selected References Hemochromatosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemosiderosis Cirrhosis of Nonbiliary Etiology Selected References Wilson Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Viral Hepatitis Chronic Obstructive Cholestasis Selected References α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Autoimmune Hepatitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury Chronic Viral Hepatitis Selected References Primary Biliary Cholangitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Autoimmune Hepatitis–Primary Biliary Cholangitis Overlap Syndrome Autoimmune Cholangitis Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Liver Transplant Rejection Selected References Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Well-Differentiated Cholangiocarcinoma Primary Biliary Cholangitis Extrahepatic or Large Duct Intrahepatic Biliary Obstruction Selected References IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Primary Biliary Cholangitis Cholangiocarcinoma Nisha Selected References Liver Transplantation Pathology Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus (Rarely an Issue Nowadays Due to the Effective Direct Acting Antiviral [DAA] Treatment) Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease Chronic (Ductopenic) Rejection in Allograft Recurrent Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Recurrent Primary Biliary Cholangitis Selected References Cirrhosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis High-Grade Dysplastic Nodules Hepatocellular Carcinoma Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Subcapsular Fibrosis Hepatoportal Sclerosis (Obliterative Portal Venopathy or Idiopathic Portal Hypertension) Selected References Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hepatocellular Adenoma Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cirrhosis Selected References Hepatocellular Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Selected References Hepatocellular Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Macroregenerative Nodule in Cirrhosis High-Grade Dysplasia in Cirrhosis Cholangiocarcinoma Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Hepatocellular Adenoma Hepatoblastoma Metastatic Endocrine Carcinoma Metastatic Nonendocrine Neoplasms Selected References Hepatoblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Epithelial Type Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Type Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Primitive Tumor of Infancy (Nephroblastoma and Neuroblastoma) Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Childhood Selected References Bile Duct Hamartoma (Von Meyenburg Complex) Clinical Features Gross Features Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Peribiliary Gland Hamartoma (Bile Duct Adenoma) Mesenchymal Hamartoma Well-Differentiated Carcinoma (Metastatic or Cholangiocarcinoma) Selected References Peribiliary Gland Hamartoma (Bile Duct Adenoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Bile Duct Hamartoma Mesenchymal Hamartoma Well-Differentiated Carcinoma (Metastatic or Cholangiocarcinoma) Selected References Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Cystadenocarcinoma Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Developmental Cysts Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct Selected References Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm Selected References Cholangiocarcinoma: Intrahepatic, Extrahepatic, and Hilar (Klatskin Tumor) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hepatocellular Carcinoma Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Selected References Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Clinical Features Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Intermediate Cell Carcinoma Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma “Collision Tumor” Selected References Gallbladder Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cholangiocarcinoma Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastatic Tumors Selected References Hepatic Metastases Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques For Diagnosis Selected References Peliosis Hepatis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Sinusoidal Dilation Hemangioma Selected References Hemangioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Peliosis Hepatis Angiosarcoma Juvenile Hemangioendothelioma Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Selected References Infantile Hemangioendothelioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Capillary Hemangioma So-Called Infantile Angiosarcoma Angiosarcoma Selected Reference Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Angiosarcoma Cholangiocarcinoma Metastatic Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma Selected References Angiosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Mesenchymal Hamartoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Bile Duct Adenoma Bile Duct Hamartoma Embryonal (Undifferentiated) Sarcoma Selected References Embryonal (Undifferentiated) Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pleomorphic Sarcoma (So-Called Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma) Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Sarcomas and Other Spindle Cell Neoplasms Anaplastic Small Cell Hepatoblastoma Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation Mesenchymal Hamartoma Selected References Chapter 08 8 - Pancreas NONNEOPLASTIC ENTITIES Chronic Pancreatitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma Selected References Autoimmune Pancreatitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Other Forms of Chronic Pancreatitis Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma Selected References Pancreatic Pseudocyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas Selected References Lymphoepithelial Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Mature Cystic Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst) Epidermoid Cyst in Heterotopic Spleen Selected References Neoplasms With Exocrine Differentiation Serous Cystic Neoplasms Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Lymphangioma Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Particularly for Solid Serous Adenoma) Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor With Clear Cell Change (Particularly for Solid Serous Adenoma) Selected References Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Serous Cystic Neoplasm Pseudocyst Selected References Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) Selected References Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia PanIN Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma Selected References Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma and its Variants Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chronic Pancreatitis Acinar Cell Carcinoma Pancreatoblastoma Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastases to the Pancreas Selected References Acinar Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pancreatoblastoma Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma Selected References Pancreatoblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Acinar Cell Carcinoma Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Selected References Neoplasms With Neuroendocrine Differentiation Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Ductal Adenocarcinoma Acinar Cell Carcinoma Pancreatoblastoma Islet Aggregation In Chronic Pancreatitis Selected References Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Modern Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Pancreas Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Lymphoma Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET) and Other Round Blue Cell Tumors of Infancy and Childhood Selected References Neoplasms with Uncertain Directions of Differentiation Solid-Pseudopapillary Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Ductal Adenocarcinoma Acinar Cell Carcinoma Pancreatoblastoma Selected References Metastases to the Pancreas Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Modern Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Ductal Adenocarcinoma Selected References Chapter 09 9 - Adrenal Gland ADRENAL CORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE) Clinical Features Primary Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency Secondary Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (Adrenogenital Syndrome) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques For Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia Adrenal Cortical Adenoma Selected References Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Adrenal Cortical Adenoma Selected References Adrenal Cortical Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma Selected References Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastasis Adrenal Cortical Adenoma Pheochromocytoma Selected References Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Pheochromocytoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Adrenal Cortical Adenoma Neuroblastoma Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Selected References Ganglioneuroma Clinical features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Neurofibroma Selected References Ganglioneuroblastoma Clinical features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Neuroblastoma Ganglioneuroma Selected References Neuroblastoma Clinical features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Ganglioneuroblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Malignant Lymphoma Ewing Sarcoma Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor) Selected References Primary malignant melanoma Clinical features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pigmented Adrenal Cortical Adenoma Metastatic Melanoma Pigmented Pheochromocytoma Selected References Myelolipoma Clinical features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Lipoma Adenolipoma Selected References Adrenal cysts and pseudocysts Clinical features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Infections Myelolipoma Selected References Metastatic Tumors Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Clear Cell) Selected References Chapter 10 10 - Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Kidney Ureter Ureteritis Cystica Et Glandularis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Urothelial Carcinoma (Transitional Cell Carcinoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Urinary Bladder Infectious Cystitis MALAKOPLAKIA Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Treatment-Related Cystitis Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Interstitial (Hunner) Cystitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Cystitis Cystica Et Glandularis Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nephrogenic Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Villous Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Small Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor/Inflammatory Pseudotumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Metastatic Tumors and Secondary Extension Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Kidney Renal Dysplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Infantile (Autosomal Recessive) Polycystic Kidney Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adult (Autosomal Dominant) Polycystic Kidney Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Acquired Cystic Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Angiomyolipoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Papillary Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Metanephric Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Oncocytoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Type Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Selected References Renal Cell Carcinoma, Papillary Type Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma, Including Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Cell Carcinoma, Chromophobe Type Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Medullary Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mit Family Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Succinate Dehydrogenase–Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Tubulocystic Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Acquired Cystic Disease-associated Renal Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Tumors in Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Tumors in Tuberous Sclerosis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Cell Carcinoma, Sarcomatoid Type Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renal Cell Carcinoma, Unclassified Type Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney Family Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figures 10.46 and 10.47) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Renomedullary Interstitial Cell Tumor/Medullary Fibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor/Renin-Secreting Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Nuclear Anaplasia Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nephrogenic Rests and Nephroblastomatosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clear Cell Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Rhabdoid Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Metastatic Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Infection-Mediated Disease Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Common and Uncommon Metabolic Disorders Selected References Selected References Selected References Kidney: Tubulointerstitial Diseases Selected References Selected References Selected References Kidney: Vascular Diseases Hypertensive Vascular Disease Clinical Features Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Classification Histopathology Special Stains Direct Immunofluorescence Electron Microscopy Differential Diagnosis Selected References Atheromatous Emboli Clinical Features Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Classification Histopathology Special Stains Direct Immunofluorescence Electron Microscopy Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Chapter 11 11 - Male Genitourinary System Prostate Gland Acute and Chronic Prostatitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Infarction Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Hyperplasia Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Epithelial Metaplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenocarcinoma: Acinar (Conventional) And Distinct Subtypes (Microcystic, Pleomorphic Giant Cell, Colloid [Mucinous], Signet Rin... Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Ductal Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Intraductal Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques Selected References Adenoid Cystic/Basal Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Neuroendocrine Tumors Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Transitional Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenosquamous Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology (Figure 11.8A) Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Phyllodes Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Testis Cryptorchidism Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Testicular Cysts Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Hydrocele Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Orchitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Malakoplakia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Torsion Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Male Infertility Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Germ Cell Neoplasia in Situ (Gcnis) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Seminoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Spermatocytic Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Embryonal Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Yolk Sac Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 11.20) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Teratoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Choriocarcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Leydig Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Sertoli Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Granulosa Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Gonadoblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Paratesticular Adnexa and Spermatic Cord Epididymitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cysts of Testicular Adnexa Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Lipoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Adenomatoid Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Papillary Cystadenoma of the Epididymis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Selected Reference Fibrous Pseudotumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Liposarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Malignant Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Seminal Vesicle Carcinoma of the Seminal Vesicle Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Urethra Fibroepithelial Polyp of Urethra Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Differential Diagnosis Caruncle Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Nephrogenic Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Prostatic Urethral Polyp Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Carcinoma of the Urethra Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Adenocarcinoma of the Periurethral Glands Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Penis Penile Fibromatosis (Peyronie Disease) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Wart) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Penile Carcinoma in Situ: Erythroplasia of Queyrat Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Penile Carcinoma in Situ: Bowen Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Bowenoid Papulosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Verrucous Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Penile Sarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Leiomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Fibrosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Epithelioid Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Scrotum Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Paget Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Chapter 12 12 - Female Reproductive System VULVA Lichen Sclerosus (Chronic Atrophic Vulvitis) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Lichen Planus Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Vulvar Cysts Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Papillary Hidradenoma (Hidradenoma Papilliferum) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Herpes Virus Infection Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Molluscum Contagiosum Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Condyloma Acuminatum Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Malignant Melanoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Bartholin Gland Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Extramammary Paget Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Granular Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Angiomyofibroblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Aggressive Angiomyxoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Leiomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Selected References Vagina Vaginal Polyp (Fibroepithelial Polyp, Mesodermal Stromal Polyp) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 12.13) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Papilloma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Vaginal Adenosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Rhabdomyoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Cervix Endocervical Polyp Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Microglandular Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenocarcinoma in Situ Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Invasive Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Adenosquamous Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected Reference Neuroendocrine Tumors Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Uterus Endometrium Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Myometrium Selected Reference Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected Reference Ovary MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumors Serous Tumors Benign Serous Tumors Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumors Serous Tumors Benign Serous Tumors Selected Reference Selected References Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma (Micropapillary, Cribriform, and Psammomatous) Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Germ Cell Tumors Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Other Tumors Selected References Selected References Selected References Fallopian Tube Acute and Chronic Salpingitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Tumor-Like Lesions Selected Reference Selected References Selected References Benign Tumors Selected Reference Selected References Malignant Tumors Selected References Selected References Selected Reference Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Selected References Selected Reference Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Chapter 13 13 - Breast SUBAREOLAR ABSCESS Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Plasma Cell Mastitis Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis Selected References Plasma Cell Mastitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis Tuberculous Mastitis Selected References Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis (Granulomatous Mastitis) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Plasma Cell Mastitis Tuberculous Mastitis Breast Abscess Sarcoidosis Cat Scratch Disease Selected References Fat Necrosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Granular Cell Tumor Selected References Diabetic Mastopathy Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Granulomatous Lobar Mastitis Breast Abscess Fibrocystic Change Selected References Juvenile or Virginal Hypertrophy Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Juvenile Fibroadenoma Selected References Granular Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Histiocytic Lesions, Including Fat Necrosis and Mammary Duct Ectasia Apocrine Carcinoma Metastatic Neoplasms, Including Oncocytic Renal Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma, and Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Selected References Fibrocystic Changes Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Cyst Formation Stromal Fibrosis Apocrine Metaplasia Sclerosing Adenosis Epithelial Hyperplasia without Atypia (Usual Ductal Hyperplasia) Columnar Cell Lesions Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fibromatosis Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia or Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Selected References Adenosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Infiltrating Tubular Carcinoma Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma Selected References Radial Sclerosing Lesion and Radial Scar Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Tubular Carcinoma Selected References Intraductal Papilloma (Solitary and Multiple) Clinical Features Solitary Papilloma Multiple Papillomas Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Papillary Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Encapsulated (Intracystic) Papillary Carcinoma and Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma Selected References Florid Papillomatosis of the Nipple Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Paget Disease Ductal Carcinoma in Situ or Invasive Carcinoma Selected References Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemangioma Low-Grade Angiosarcoma Selected References Adenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Tubular Adenoma Lactating Adenoma Apocrine Adenoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Tubular Carcinoma Selected References Fibroadenoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Tubular Carcinoma Phyllodes Tumor Tubular Adenoma Selected References Phyllodes Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Juvenile Fibroadenoma Carcinosarcoma Selected References Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (Several Well-Recognized Variants Exist) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Versus Intraductal Carcinoma Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Lobular Carcinoma in Situ Selected References Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia and Lobular Carcinoma in Situ Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia Lobular Carcinoma in Situ Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Involving Lobules Selected References Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Infiltrating Tubular Carcinoma Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma Radial Scar Sclerosing Adenosis Selected References Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Sclerosing Adenosis Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Malignant Lymphoma Selected References Triple Negative Carcinomas Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Medullary Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Selected References Mucinous (Colloid) Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Mucocele-Like Tumor Mixed Mucinous Carcinoma Metastatic Mucinous Ovarian or Pancreatic Carcinoma Selected References Tubular Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Sclerosing Adenosis Microglandular Adenosis Mixed Tumors (Tubulolobular or Ductal Carcinoma with Tubular Features) Selected References Papillary Carcinoma (Intraductal, Intracystic, Encapsulated, and Invasive) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Benign Papilloma Versus Intraductal Papillary Carcinoma Invasive Papillary Carcinoma Selected References Metaplastic Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Adenosquamous Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Selected References Secretory Carcinoma (Juvenile Carcinoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Lactating Adenoma Secretory Changes Selected References Apocrine Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Sclerosing Adenosis with Apocrine Metaplasia Selected References Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma Cylindroma Selected References Inflammatory Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Paget Disease of the Nipple Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Malignant Melanoma Bowen Disease (Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ) Clear Cell Change of Keratinocytes Selected References Hemangioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Low-Grade Angiosarcoma Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia Selected References Angiosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemangioma Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia Selected References Postmastectomy Angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves Syndrome) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Postirradiation Angiosarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma Reactive Vascular Proliferation Associated with Chronic Lymphedema Selected References Gynecomastia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Intraductal Carcinoma Selected References Male Breast Carcinoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma Selected References Metastatic Tumors Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Ovarian Carcinoma Selected References Chapter 14 14 - Lymph Nodes NORMAL LYMPH NODE Histopathology Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia Autoimmune Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Cytomegalovirus Lymphadenitis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Toxoplasmosis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References HIV-Related Lymphadenopathy Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Kimura Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References IgG4-Related Lymphadenopathy Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Reactive Paracortical Hyperplasia Infectious Mononucleosis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Herpes Simplex Lymphadenitis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Dermatopathic Lymphadenitis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Drug-Related Lymphadenopathy Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Sinus Histiocytosis Rosai-Dorfman Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Whipple Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Necrotizing Lymphadenitis Kikuchi Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Granulomatous Lymphadenitis Tuberculosis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains (other than acid-fast bacilli) and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Atypical Mycobacterial Infection and Leprosy Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Cat Scratch Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Sarcoidosis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Castleman Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Small B-Cell Neoplasms Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Follicular Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mantle Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Diffuse Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Burkitt Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Hodgkin Lymphoma Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma, Nodular Sclerosis Type Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Mixed Cellularity Type Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymphocyte-Rich Type Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Nonlymphoid Disorders of Lymph Nodes Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Kaposi Sarcoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Myeloid Sarcoma Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Mast Cell Disease Clinical Features Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Chapter 15 15 - Spleen Non-Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic White Pulp Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia With Germinal Center Formation Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia Without Germinal Center Formation Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Immunoblastic Variant Selected References Castleman Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.4) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia Selected References Common Variable Immunodeficiency Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Nonspecific Follicular Hyperplasia Selected References Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic White Pulp Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis (also see Table 15.1) Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma Hairy Cell Leukemia Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma Selected References Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Follicular Lymphoma Mantle Cell Lymphoma Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (Waldenström Macroglobulinemia) Prolymphocytic Leukemia Selected References Prolymphocytic Leukemia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Selected References Mantle Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Selected References Follicular Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.9) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia Castleman Disease Mantle Cell Lymphoma Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Selected References Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hodgkin Lymphoma Inflammatory Pseudotumor Selected References Hodgkin Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.11) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Inflammatory Pseudotumor Splenic Hamartoma Metastatic Carcinoma or Melanoma Selected References Non-Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic Red Pulp Gaucher Disease and Other Storage Disorders Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Hematologic diseases Extramedullary hematopoiesis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.14) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Lymphoid Infiltrate in Red Pulp Acute Leukemia Selected References Hereditary Spherocytosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Sickle Cell Disease and Variants Fibrocongestive Splenomegaly Selected References Sickle Cell Disease and Variants Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (see Figure 15.16B and C) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Splenic Infarcts Hereditary Spherocytosis Malaria Selected References Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.17) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Congestive Splenomegaly Hereditary Spherocytosis Selected References Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.18) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Nonspecific Follicular Hyperplasia Selected References Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic Red Pulp Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Studies and Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis .1) Hairy Cell Leukemia-Variant (HCL-v) Hairy Cell Leukemia Selected References Hairy Cell Leukemia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Mastocytosis Myeloid Leukemias Selected References Hairy Cell Leukemia-Variant Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma Classical Hairy Cell Leukemia Selected References Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.22) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis (see also Table 15.3) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Hairy Cell Leukemia Prolymphocytic Leukemia T-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Selected References Systemic Mastocytosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hairy Cell Leukemia Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Selected References Chronic MYELOID Leukemia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Reactive Splenic Red Pulp Hyperplasia Acute Leukemia Selected References Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Disseminated Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG) Gaucher Disease (and Other Lysosomal Storage Diseases) Hemophagocytic Syndromes Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Particularly Acute Monoblastic Leukemia Histiocytic Sarcoma (Malignant Histiocytosis) Selected References Vascular tumors Splenic hemangioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (see Figure 15.25B) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cord Capillary Hemangioma Hematoma Peliosis Littoral Cell Angioma Hemangioendothelioma Angiosarcoma Splenic Hamartoma Lymphangioma Selected Reference Littoral Cell Angioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemangioma Splenic Hamartoma Hemangioendothelioma Angiosarcoma Selected References Splenic Angiosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemangioma Hemangioendothelioma Hemangiopericytoma Kaposi Sarcoma Bacillary Angiomatosis Metastatic Melanoma Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Selected References Cysts and Pseudotumoral Lesions Epidermoid Cyst (True Cysts) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pseudocyst Parasitic (Echinococcal) Cyst Pseudocyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Epithelioid Cyst Parasitic Cyst Parasitic (Echinococcal) Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Epithelioid Cyst (see “Epidermoid Cyst [True Cysts]”) Pseudocyst Selected References Splenic Hamartoma (Splenoma) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.29B and C) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemangioma Littoral Cell Angioma Inflammatory Pseudotumor Selected References Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of Spleen (Sant) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis Littoral Cell Angioma Hemangioma Lymphangioma Splenic Hamartoma Selected References Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Spleen Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.31) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis Inflammatory Pseudotumor-like Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor (IPT-like FDCT) Splenic Hamartoma Castleman Disease Hodgkin Lymphoma Plasmacytoma Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma (versus IPT-Like Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor of the Spleen) Mycobacterial Pseudotumor Bacillary Angiomatosis Selected References Inflammatory PSEUDOTUMOR-LIKE Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor (IPT-Like FDCT) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Circulatory abnormalities Congestive splenomegaly Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Leukemic Infiltration Lymphoma Myelofibrosis or Other Myeloproliferative Disorders Peliosis Selected References Vasculitides Polyarteritis Nodosa, Hypersensitivity Angiitis (churg-Strauss Disease), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, an... Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Polyarteritis Nodosa Hypersensitivity Angiitis (Churg-Strauss Disease) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Rheumatoid Arthritis Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Thromboemboli Postmortem Clot Amyloidosis Selected References Viral and Other Nongranulomatous Infections Infectious Mononucleosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Large Cell Lymphoma or T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma Hodgkin Lymphoma Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia Not Related to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Selected References Cytomegalovirus Infection Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Abscess Infarct Selected Reference Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.37) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Lepromatous Leprosy Histoplasmosis Gaucher Disease (and Other Metabolic Storage Diseases) Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Pneumocystis Carinii Malaria Selected References Malaria Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Acute Phase Chronic Phase Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Leishmaniasis Hemochromatosis Formalin Pigment Selected References Pyogenic Bacterial Infections (Abscess) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Splenic Infarct Hodgkin Lymphoma Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Selected Reference Granulomatous Diseases Sarcoidosis, Miliary Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Lipogranulomas Clinical Features Sarcoidosis Miliary Tuberculosis Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Lipogranulomas Gross Pathology Sarcoidosis Miliary Tuberculosis Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Lipogranulomas Histopathology Sarcoidosis Miliary Tuberculosis Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Lipogranulomas Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected Reference Other conditions Amyloidosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 15.39) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Castleman Disease, Hyaline-Vascular Type Infarct Granulomas Hyalinosis Selected References Hematoma and Traumatic Rupture Clinical Features Gross Pathology Hematoma Rupture Histopathology Hematoma Rupture Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Spontaneous Rupture Infarct Splenic Cyst Hemangioma and Other Vascular Tumors Selected References Chapter 16 16 - Bones and Joints OSTEOID TUMORS Osteoma Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Parosteal Osteosarcoma Selected References Osteoid Osteoma Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteoblastoma Osteosarcoma Stress Fracture Selected References Osteoblastoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteoid Osteoma Giant Cell Tumor Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma Selected References Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fracture Callus Osteomyelitis Osteoblastoma Giant Cell Tumor Chondrosarcoma Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Fibrosarcoma Small Cell Tumors (Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, Lymphoma, Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma) Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Conventional Osteosarcoma Selected References Parosteal Osteosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques in Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteochondroma Myositis Ossificans High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma Periosteal Osteosarcoma Selected References Periosteal Osteosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Periosteal Chondroma Periosteal Chondrosarcoma Parosteal Osteosarcoma Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma Selected References High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Dedifferentiated Parosteal Osteosarcoma Parosteal Osteosarcoma Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma Selected References Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fibrous Dysplasia Desmoplastic Fibroma Osteoblastoma Conventional Intramedullary Osteosarcoma, Fibroblastic Variant Selected References Chondroid Tumors Osteochondroma Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora Lesion) Chondrosarcoma Arising in an Osteochondroma Parosteal Osteosarcoma Selected References Enchondroma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Prominent Costochondral Cartilage Fibrous Dysplasia with Chondroid Differentiation Low-Grade Chondrosarcoma Selected References Periosteal Chondroma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 16.9) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Juxtacortical Chondrosarcoma Periosteal Osteosarcoma Selected References Chondroblastoma Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chondromyxoid Fibroma Giant Cell Tumor Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma) Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma Selected References Chondromyxoid Fibroma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 16.11) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chondroblastoma Medullary Chondrosarcoma Selected References Intramedullary Chondrosarcoma (Conventional) Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Enchondroma Fracture Callus Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma (Osteosarcoma with Prominent Chondroblastic Differentiation) Selected References Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma and Fibrosarcoma Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma High-Grade Intramedullary Chondrosarcoma Metastatic Sarcoma to Bone (Leiomyosarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma) Selected References Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Ewing Sarcoma/PNET Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Formerly Hemangiopericytoma) Selected References Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chondroblastoma Osteoblastoma Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Intramedullary Chondrosarcoma Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Selected References Vascular Tumors Hemangioma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Angiosarcoma Selected References Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Angiosarcoma Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Formerly Hemangiopericytoma) Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Angiosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Fibro-Osseous, Histiocytic, and Giant Cell Lesions Fibrous Dysplasia Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteofibrous Dysplasia Desmoplastic Fibroma Low-Grade Intramedullary Osteosarcoma Selected References Osteofibrous Dysplasia (Ossifying Fibroma of Long Bones) Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fibrous Dysplasia Adamantinoma Well-Differentiated Intramedullary Osteosarcoma Selected References Nonossifying Fibroma (Fibrous Cortical Defect, Metaphyseal Fibrous Defect) Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Giant Cell Tumor Desmoplastic Fibroma Fibrous Dysplasia Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma Selected References Desmoplastic Fibroma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Low-Grade Fibrosarcoma Fibrous Dysplasia Selected References Fibrosarcoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoplastic Fibroma Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Selected References Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Giant Cell Tumor Osteosarcoma Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Fibrosarcoma Selected References Giant Cell Tumor Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma Nonossifying Fibroma Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Giant Cell–Rich Osteosarcoma Metastatic Carcinoma Containing Giant Cells Selected References Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma) Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Brown Tumor in Hyperparathyroidism Giant Cell Tumor Nonossifying Fibroma Giant Cell–Rich Osteosarcoma Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Selected References Adamantinoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 16.28) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteofibrous Dysplasia Fibrous Dysplasia Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Small Cell Neoplasms Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Neuroblastoma Lymphoma, Leukemia Osteosarcoma, Small Cell Variant Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Selected References Lymphoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Neuroectodermal Tumor of Bone Metastatic Neuroblastoma Osteosarcoma, Small Cell Variant Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Metastatic Small Cell Carcinoma Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Sarcoma Chronic Osteomyelitis Selected References Multiple Myeloma and Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chronic Osteomyelitis Metastatic Carcinoma B-Cell Immunoblastic Lymphoma Selected References Miscellaneous Bone Lesions Chordoma Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chondrosarcoma Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Liposarcoma Selected References Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Unicameral Bone Cyst Giant Cell Tumor Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Selected References Unicameral Bone Cyst (Simple Cyst) Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Giant Cell Tumor Selected References Paget Disease of Bone Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteoblastic Metastatic Carcinoma Chronic Osteomyelitis Fibrous Dysplasia Osteoblastoma Selected References Metastatic Tumors Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 16.35) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteosarcoma Primary Bone Sarcomas Paget Disease Selected References Joint and Synovial Diseases Osteoarthritis Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis Secondary to Avascular Necrosis Osteoarthritis Secondary to Chondrocalcinosis Selected References Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology (Figure 16.36) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Osteoarthritis Chronic Osteomyelitis Selected References Gout Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease) Infectious Granulomatous Synovitis Selected References Pseudogout (Chondrocalcinosis–Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease) Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Gout Tumoral Calcinosis (Calcium Hydroxyapatite Deposition; Metastatic Calcification) Selected References Synovial Chondromatosis Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Secondary Synovial Chondrometaplasia Synovial Chondrosarcoma Secondary Joint Involved Chondrosarcoma Selected References Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Clinical Features Radiographic Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemosiderotic Synovitis Giant Cell Tumor Rheumatoid Synovitis Traumatic Synovitis Detritic Synovitis Selected References Chapter 17 17 - Soft Tissue Nodular Fasciitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques For Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Kaposi Sarcoma Myxoma Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma) Fibromatosis (Desmoid Tumor) Selected References Proliferative Fasciitis and Myositis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Rhabdomyosarcoma Ganglioneuroblastoma Selected References Myositis Ossificans Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor Selected References Ischemic Fasciitis Clinical Features GROSS Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Atypical Lipomatous Tumor Bursitis Selected References Elastofibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fibrolipoma Spindle Cell Lipoma Selected References Superficial Fibromatoses Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoid Type of Fibromatosis Fibroma of Tendon Sheath Fibrosarcoma (Infantile and Adult Types) Selected References Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Lipofibromatosis Lipoblastoma Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Selected References Lipofibromatosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy Lipoblastoma Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Selected References Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fibromatosis (Palmar, Plantar) Chondroma of Soft Tissue Selected References Fibroma of Tendon Sheath Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath Superficial Fibromatosis (Palmar, Plantar) Selected References Collagenous Fibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoid Fibromatosis Selected References Myofibroma/Myopericytoma and Myofibromatosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Angioleiomyoma Selected References Gardner Fibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Nuchal Fibroma Elastofibroma Selected References Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Fibrosarcoma (Infantile and Adult Types) Selected References Calcifying Fibrous Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma Selected References Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Leiomyosarcoma Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Inflammatory Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma Metastatic Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Spindle Cell Melanoma Selected References Solitary Fibrous Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Spindle Cell-Rich (Cellular Fibrous) Zone of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor Synovial Sarcoma Selected References Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor and Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Inflammatory Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor Myxofibrosarcoma Selected References Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Spindle Cell-Rich (Cellular Fibrous) Zone of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor Myxoma (“Cellular Variant”) Low-Grade Myxofibrosarcoma Myxoid Neurofibroma Selected References Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Selected References Infantile Fibrosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Myofibroma and Myofibromatosis Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma Selected References Adult Fibrosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Synovial Sarcoma (Monophasic) Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Dedifferentiated and Spindle Cell Liposarcoma Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Selected References Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Carcinoma Sclerosing Lymphoma Deep Fibromatosis Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma Sclerosing, Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Selected References Myxofibrosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma with myxoid stroma Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Myxoid Liposarcoma Myxoma Selected References Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Fibroma of Tendon Sheath Selected References Lipoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Subcutaneous Lipoma Deep Lipoma Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Myxoma Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Myxoid Liposarcoma Selected References Angiolipoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Intramuscular Hemangioma and Hemangiomatosis Kaposi Sarcoma Selected References Spindle Cell Lipoma and Pleomorphic Lipoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Selected References Lipoblastoma and Lipoblastomatosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Myxoid Liposarcoma Lipofibromatosis Selected References Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Massive Localized Lymphedema Pleomorphic Lipoma Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Selected References Myxoid and Round Cell Liposarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Lipoblastoma Spindle Cell Lipoma Selected References Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma High-Grade Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma Selected References Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis High-Grade Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma Selected References Rhabdomyoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Fetal Rhabdomyoma Adult Rhabdomyoma Genital Rhabdomyoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Adult Rhabdomyoma Selected References Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Neuroblastoma Ewing Sarcoma and Other Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcomas Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma Lymphoma (High Grade, Burkitt, and Lymphoblastic Types) Selected References Leiomyoma of Deep Soft Tissue Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Leiomyosarcoma Selected References Leiomyosarcoma (Cutaneous and Deep Soft Tissue) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Leiomyoma EBV+ Smooth Muscle Tumor Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Spindle Cell Sarcoma Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Fibrosarcoma (Infant and Adult Type) Selected References Granular Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Adult Rhabdomyoma Hibernoma Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease Selected References Schwannoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Neurofibroma Leiomyoma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Selected References Neurofibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Schwannoma Myxoma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Selected References Soft Tissue Perineurioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Benign Nerve Sheath Tumor (Schwannoma or Neurofibroma) Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Myxoma Meningioma Selected References Paraganglioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Carcinoid Tumor Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Selected References Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cellular Schwannoma Leiomyosarcoma Fibrosarcoma Synovial Sarcoma (Monophasic) Clear Cell Sarcoma (Melanoma of Soft Parts) Selected References Hemangioma Clinical Features Capillary Hemangioma (Infantile and Juvenile Hemangioma) Cavernous Hemangioma Epithelioid Hemangioma Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma) Spindle Cell Hemangioma Intramuscular Angioma Arteriovenous Hemangioma Gross Pathology Histopathology Capillary Hemangioma Cavernous Hemangioma Epithelioid Hemangioma Pyogenic Granuloma Spindle Cell Hemangioma Intramuscular Angioma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Solitary Fibrous Tumor with Predominant Hemangiopericytomatous Histology Angiosarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma Selected References Glomus Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cellular or Cavernous Hemangioma Paraganglioma Poroma Selected References Hemangioendotheliomas Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Other Hemangioendotheliomas Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma Versus Kaposi Sarcoma Retiform Hemangioendothelioma and Papillary Intralymphatic Angioendothelioma (Dabska Tumor) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Pearls Selected References Angiosarcoma Clinical features Gross Pathology Histopathology Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemangioma Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (Intravascular Hemangioendothelioma of Masson) Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Selected References Lymphangioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Hemangioma Selected References Myxoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Dermal Nerve Sheath Myxoma Myxoid Neurofibroma Aggressive Angiomyxoma Selected References Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Selected References Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cellular Capillary Hemangioma Solitary Fibrous Tumor Selected References Synovial Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Solitary Fibrous Tumor Ewing Sarcoma Fibrosarcoma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Selected References Epithelioid Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Granuloma Annulare Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Malignant Melanoma Selected References Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcomas, Including Extraskeletal Classic Ewing Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Neuroblastoma Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Lymphoma Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma Round Cell Liposarcoma Selected References Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcoma Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Small Cell Carcinoma Selected References Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Paraganglioma Granular Cell Tumor Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Selected References Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Malignant Melanoma Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Selected References Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma Clear Cell Carcinomas Selected References Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chondrosarcoma of Bone, Extending into Soft Tissue Myxofibrosarcoma Myoepithelioma and Myoepithelial Carcinoma Selected References Myoepithelioma of Soft Tissue Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Selected References Extranodal ROSAI-DORFMAN Disease Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis Xanthoma Erdheim Chester Disease IgG4 Disease Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma and Other Lymphomas Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Abscess/Phlegmon Selected References Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Selected References Chapter 18 18 - Heart, Pericardium, and Blood Vessels HEART Cardiomyopathy Clinical Features Selected References Myocarditis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Amyloidosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Sarcoidosis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Valvular Diseases Morphologic and Functional Correlations Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Infective Endocarditis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Prosthetic Valves Selected References Myxoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Rhabdomyoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Fibroma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Papillary Fibroelastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Cardiac Sarcomas Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Pericardium Acute Pericarditis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Constrictive Pericarditis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Pericardial Cysts Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Localized Fibrous Tumor of the Pericardium Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Primary Malignant Tumors of the Pericardium Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Metastatic Tumors Of The Heart And Pericardium Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Blood Vessels The Vasculitides Large-Vessel Vasculitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Medium-Vessel Vasculitis Clinical Features Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Pauci-Immune Small-Vessel Vasculitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Immune Complex Small-Vessel Vasculitis Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Selected References Variable Vessel Vasculitis Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Fibromuscular Dysplasia Clinical Features Gross Pathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Heritable Disorders of Blood Vessels Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Differential Diagnosis Selected References Chapter 19 19 - Central Nervous System Diffuse Astrocytic Tumors Diffuse Astrocytomas of Each Grade are Now Divided Into One of Two Diagnostic Categories Based Upon the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase... Clinical Features Diffuse Astrocytomas, IDH Mutant, Wildtype, and Not Otherwise Specified Diffuse Midline Glioma Gross Pathology Histopathology Astrocytoma IDH Mutant (WHO Grade II) Gemistocytic Astrocytoma IDM (WHO Grade II) Anaplastic Astrocytomas IDH Mutant (WHO Grade III) Glioblastoma IDH Mutant or Wildtype (WHO Grade IV) Variants of Glioblastoma Diffuse Midline Glioma (H3 k27M Mutant) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastasis (Metastatic Carcinoma or Metastatic Melanoma) Lymphoma Reactive Astrocytosis Oligodendroglioma Demyelinating Diseases Selected References Oligodendroglial Tumors Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted, Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted (WHO Grades... Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Oligodendroglioma Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Diffuse Astrocytoma Small Cell Variant of Anaplastic Astrocytoma and Glioblastoma Central Neurocytoma or Extraventricular Neurocytoma Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor Clear Cell Ependymoma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Selected References Other Astrocytic Tumors Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Who Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Diffuse Astrocytoma Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Ganglion Cell Tumors Hemangioblastoma Selected References Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma (WHO Grade Not Assigned at Present) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pilocytic Astrocytoma Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Glioblastoma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Ganglion Cell Tumors Selected References Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Gemistocytic Astrocytoma Subependymal Glial Nodule Selected References Ependymal Tumors Ependymoma (WHO Grade II), Anaplastic Ependymoma (WHO Grade III), Rela Fusion-Positive Ependymoma (WHO Grade II or III) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Ependymoma Ependymoma Variants Anaplastic Ependymoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Fibrillary or Diffuse Astrocytoma Astroblastoma Choroid Plexus Papilloma or Carcinoma Oligodendroglioma Central Neurocytoma Selected References Myxopapillary Ependymoma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Adenocarcinoma (Mucin Secreting) Chordoma Schwannoma Paraganglioma Selected References Subependymoma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Other Neuroepithelial Tumors Astroblastoma (No Assigned WHO Grade) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Ependymoma Angiocentric Glioma Papillary Meningioma Selected References Chordoid Glioma (WHO Grade II) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chordoma Chordoid Meningioma Selected References Angiocentric Glioma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Astrocytoma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Ependymoma Astroblastoma Selected References Neuronal and Glioneuronal Neoplasms Gangliocytoma (WHO Grade I), Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor of the Cerebrum (No WHO Grade), Dysplastic Cerebellar G... Clinical Features Multinodular Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor of the Cerebrum Dysplastic Cerebellar Gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos Disease), WHO Grade I Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma and Ganglioglioma (WHO Grade I) Gross Pathology Histopathology Gangliocytoma Ganglioglioma and Anaplastic Ganglioglioma Multinodular Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor of the Cerebrum Dysplastic Cerebellar Gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos Disease) Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma and Astrocytoma, WHO Grade I Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma and Ganglioglioma (WHO Grade I) Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor Fibrillary or Diffuse Astrocytoma Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Selected References DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMOR (WHO GRADE I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Ganglioglioma Oligodendroglioma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Selected References CENTRAL AND EXTRAVENTRICULAR NEUROCYTOMA (WHO GRADE II), CEREBELLAR LIPONEUROCYTOMA (WHO GRADE II) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Central Neurocytomas Atypical Neurocytomas Extraventricular Neurocytomas Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Oligodendroglioma Ependymoma (Especially Clear Cell Variant) Neuroblastoma (Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor) Selected References PAPILLARY GLIONEURONAL TUMOR (WHO GRADE I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Papillary Ependymoma Papillary Meningioma Choroid Plexus Papilloma Metastatic Papillary Adenocarcinoma Astroblastoma Selected References ROSETTE-FORMING GLIONEURONAL TUMOR OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLE (WHO GRADE I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pilocytic Astrocytoma Central Neurocytoma Papillary Glioneuronal Neoplasm Ependymoma Medulloblastoma Selected References DIFFUSE LEPTOMENINGEAL GLIONEURONAL TUMOR (NO WHO GRADE AT PRESENT) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pilocytic Astrocytoma or Diffuse Astrocytoma with Leptomeningeal Dissemination Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Selected References PARAGANGLIOMA OF THE SPINAL CORD (WHO GRADE I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Schwannoma Meningioma Ependymoma Metastatic Carcinoma Selected References Embryonal Tumors Medulloblastoma (WHO Grade IV) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor and Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Craniospinal Vault Ependymoma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Lymphoma and Leukemia Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Selected References OTHER CNS EMBRYONAL TUMORS (EMBRYONAL TUMOR WITH MULTILAYERED ROSETTES, C19MC-ALTERED AND NOS, MEDULLOEPITHELIOMA, CNS NEUROBLA... Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Medulloblastoma Anaplastic Ependymoma Central Neurocytoma Peripheral PNET and Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Craniospinal Vault Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma Glioblastoma with Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Foci Esthesioneuroblastoma (Olfactory Neuroblastoma) Selected References ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR (WHO GRADE IV) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cribriform Neuroepithelial Tumor Medulloblastoma and Other Embryonal Tumors Choroid Plexus Carcinoma Selected References Choroid Plexus Tumors Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade I), Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade II), and Choroid Plexus Carcinoma (WHO Grad... Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade I) Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade II) Choroid Plexus Carcinoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Normal Choroid Plexus Metastatic Carcinoma Ependymoma (Especially Papillary Subtype) Atypical Teratoid and Rhabdoid Tumors Papillary Endolymphatic Sac Tumor Selected References Pineal Parenchymal Tumors Pineocytoma (WHO Grade I) and Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation (WHO Grades II and III) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Pineocytoma Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Normal Pineal Gland Pineal Cyst Pineoblastoma Astrocytoma Papillary Tumors of the Pineal Region Selected References PINEOBLASTOMA (WHO GRADE IV) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pineocytoma and Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation Selected References Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region (WHO Grades II And III) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Choroid Plexus Papilloma Ependymoma Pineal parenchymal tumors Selected References Other Neoplasms and Related Entities Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Clinical Features Schwannoma (WHO Grade I) Neurofibroma (WHO Grade I) Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (WHO Grade II, III, or IV) Perineurioma (WHO Grade I, II, or III) Gross Pathology Schwannoma Neurofibroma Plexiform Neurofibroma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Perineurioma Histopathology Schwannoma Neurofibroma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Perineurioma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Schwannoma Neurofibroma Perineurioma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Other Techniques for Diagnosis Conventional and Cellular Schwannoma Neurofibroma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Perineurioma Differential Diagnosis Schwannoma versus Meningioma Neurofibroma versus Traumatic Neuroma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor versus Synovial Sarcoma Selected References Meningioma (WHO Grade I), Atypical Meningioma (WHO Grade II), and Anaplastic Meningioma (WHO Grade III) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Classic Meningioma (WHO Grade I) Atypical Meningioma (WHO Grade II) Anaplastic Meningioma (WHO Grade III) Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Schwannoma Ependymoma Meningeal Hyperplasia Anchor 4270 Selected References Anchor 4272 Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Meningioma Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Selected References Hemangioblastoma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pilocytic Astrocytoma Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Paraganglioma Meningioma (Angiomatous) Selected References Malignant Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Hodgkin Disease Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Oligodendroglioma Reactive Lymphocytosis (as in Viral Encephalitis, Vasculitis, and Demyelinating Diseases) Medulloblastoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Selected References GERM CELL TUMORS Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pineocytoma and Pineoblastoma Selected References Neuraxial Cysts: Rathke Cleft Cyst, Colloid Cyst, and Enterogenous Cyst Clinical Features Rathke Cleft Cyst Colloid Cyst Enterogenous Cyst Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Craniopharyngioma versus Rathke Cleft Cyst Epidermoid or Dermoid Cysts Distinction Between Rathke Cleft Cyst, Colloid Cyst, and Enterogenous Cyst Ependymal Cyst Arachnoid Cyst Cysticercosis of Ventricular System or Subarachnoid Space Selected References Pituitary Adenoma (Including Typical and Atypical Adenomas), Pituitary Carcinoma, and Pituitary Hyperplasia Clinical Features Pituitary Adenomas Pituitary Carcinoma Gross Pathology Histopathology Acidophilic adenomas (PIT-1 positive) Corticotrophs (T-PIT positive) Gonadotrophs (SF-1 positive) Pituitary carcinoma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Normal Pituitary Gland Craniopharyngioma Hypophysitis Rathke Cleft Cyst Pituicytoma, Spindle Cell Oncocytoma of the Adenohypophysis and Granular Cell Tumor of the Sella (WHO Grade I) Selected References Pituicytoma (WHO Grade I), Spindle Cell Oncocytoma (WHO Grade I), and Granular Cell Tumor of the Neurohypophysis (WHO Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Pituitary Adenoma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Selected References Craniopharyngioma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Rathke Cleft Cyst Epidermoid or Dermoid Cysts Pilocytic Astrocytoma Xanthogranuloma Selected References Chordoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Chondrosarcoma Myxopapillary Ependymoma Metastatic Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Chordoid Meningioma Chordoid Glioma Selected References Secondary Tumors Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Glial Neoplasms with Epithelioid, Sarcomatous, or Small-Cell Differentiation Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasms Including Medulloblastomas Anaplastic Meningioma Choroid Plexus Carcinoma (Versus Metastatic Papillary Adenocarcinoma) Selected References Non-Neoplastic Conditions Vascular Malformations Clinical Features Arteriovenous Malformation Cavernous Hemangioma Capillary Telangiectasia Venous Hemangioma Gross Pathology Arteriovenous Malformation Cavernous Hemangioma Capillary Telangiectasia Venous Hemangioma Histopathology Arteriovenous Malformation Cavernous Hemangioma Capillary Telangiectasia Venous Hemangioma Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Cerebral Infarction and Intracerebral Hematomas Clinical Features Ischemic Cerebral Infarctions Venous Cerebral Infarcts Intracerebral Hematomas Gross Pathology Ischemic Infarcts Venous Infarcts Intracerebral Hematomas Histopathology Ischemic Infarcts due to Arterial Compromise Venous Infarcts Intracerebral Hematomas Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Glioma (Oligodendroglioma or Astrocytoma) Glioblastoma Multiforme Demyelinating Diseases Encephalitis Selected References Vasculitis Clinical Features Infectious Vasculitis Vasculitis in Association with Collagen Vascular Diseases and Other Noninfectious Causes Primary (or Isolated) Vasculitis of the CNS, also Known as Granulomatous Vasculitis Gross Pathology Histopathology Primary Vasculitis Secondary Vasculitis Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Multiple Sclerosis and Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis Viral Encephalitis Sarcoidosis Anchor 4458 Selected References Brain Abscess Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Glioblastoma Multiforme and Metastasis Selected References Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis Clinical Features Common Causative Agents: Viral Common Causative Agents: Bacterial Common Causative Agents: Parasitic Common Causative Agents: Fungal Gross Pathology Encephalitis Meningoencephalitis Histopathology Viral Encephalitis Herpesvirus Encephalitis Cytomegalovirus Rabies Encephalitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis and Leukoencephalopathy Tuberculous Meningitis and Tuberculoma Neurosyphilis: Meningovascular and Parenchymal Forms Other Causes of Meningitis and Encephalitis Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Sarcoidosis Noninfectious Vasculitis Nonspecific Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Paraneoplastic Encephalitis Selected References Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Malignant Glioma (Astrocytoma or Oligodendroglioma) Multiple Sclerosis Selected References Demyelinating Diseases Clinical Features Multiple Sclerosis Marburg Type of Multiple Sclerosis (Acute Multiple Sclerosis) Concentric Sclerosis of Baló Devic Disease (Neuromyelitis Optica): Involvement of Optic Nerve and Spinal Cord Predominates Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis (Hurst Disease) Gross Pathology Multiple Sclerosis Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis Histopathology Multiple Sclerosis Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Cerebral Infarction Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Astrocytoma Leukodystrophies Selected References Dementia Clinical Features Alzheimer Disease Lewy Body Dementia Vascular Dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Gross Pathology Alzheimer Disease Lewy Body Dementia Vascular Dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Histopathology Alzheimer Disease Lewy Body Dementia Vascular Dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Alzheimer Disease Lewy Body Dementia Vascular Dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Other Techniques for Diagnosis Alzheimer Disease Vascular Dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Differential Diagnosis Kufs Disease (Adult Form of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis) Status Spongiosus Selected References Chapter 20 20 - Eye and Orbit ADULT OCULAR LESIONS External Lesions Malignant Melanoma of the Conjunctiva Selected References Selected References Selected References Selected References Sebaceous Carcinoma Selected References Internal Lesions Selected References Selected References Selected References Childhood Ocular Lesions Retinoblastoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Selected References Adult Orbital Lesions Orbital Lymphoma, Including Lymphoid Hyperplasia And Malignant Lymphoma of the Orbit Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques For Diagnosis Selected References Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Thyroid Orbitopathy (Thyroid Ophthalmopathy, Dysthyroid Orbitopathy, and Graves Orbitopathy) Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Childhood Orbital Lesions Cystic Selected References Capillary Hemangioma of the Orbit Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Lymphangioma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Microphthalmos with Cyst Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References Solid Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Features Gross Pathology Histopathology Special Stains and Immunohistochemistry Other Techniques for Diagnosis Selected References
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