Gas Turbines

Cover
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
	1.1 Prime Movers
	1.2 Simple Gas Turbine
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 2 Review of Basic Principles
	2.1 Definitions and Laws
	2.2 Energy Equation
	2.3 Fluid Dynamics
	2.4 Basic Definitions
	2.5 Streamtube Area-Velocity Relation
	2.6 Normal Shock Waves
	2.7 Equations of Motion for a Normal Shock Wave
	2.8 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves
	2.9 Flow with Friction and Heat Transfer
	2.10 Flow in Constant-Area Duct with Friction
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Rotating Machines
	3.1 General Fluid Dynamics Analysis
	3.2 The Physical Meaning of the Energy Equation
	3.3 Classification of Machines
	3.4 General Thermodynamic Analysis
	3.5 Efficiency of Rotating Machines
	3.6 Dimensional Analysis of Rotating Machines
	3.7 Elementary Airfoil Theory
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 4 Cycle Arrangements
	4.1 Open-Cycle Arrangements
	4.2 The Closed-Cycle
	4.3 Basic Requirements of the Working Medium
	4.4 Properties of Various Working Media
	4.5 Applications
	4.6 Comparison of Gas Turbines with Reciprocating Engines
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 5 Ideal Cycles and their Analysis
	5.1 Assumptions in Ideal Cycle Analysis
	5.2 The Simple Gas Turbine Cycle
	5.3 The Heat Exchange Cycle
	5.4 The Reheat Cycle
	5.5 The Reheat and Heat Exchange Cycle
	5.6 The Intercooled Cycle
	5.7 The Intercooled Cycle with Heat Exchanger
	5.8 The Intercooled and Reheat Cycle
	5.9 Intercooled Cycle with Heat Exchange and Reheat
	5.10 Comparison of Various Cycles
	5.11 Ericsson Cycle
	Worked out Examples
	Review Questions
	Exercise
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 6 Practical Cycles and their Analysis
	6.1 Assumptions
	6.2 Stagnation Properties
	6.3 Compressor and Turbine Efficiency
	6.4 Pressure or Flow Losses
	6.5 Heat Exchanger Effectiveness
	6.6 Effect of Varying Mass Flow
	6.7 Effect of Variable Specific Heat
	6.8 Mechanical Losses
	6.9 Loss due to Incomplete Combustion
	6.10 Cycle Efficiency
	6.11 Polytropic Efficiency
	6.12 Performance of Actual Cycle
	Worked out Examples
	Review Questions
	Exercise
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 7 Jet Propulsion Cycles and Their Analysis
	7.1 Reciprocating or Propeller Engines
	7.2 Gas Turbine Engines
	7.3 The Ramjet Engine
	7.4 The Pulse Jet Engine
	7.5 The Turboprop Engine
	7.6 The Turbojet Engine
	7.7 Thrust and Thrust Equation
	7.8 Specific Thrust of the Turbojet Engine
	7.9 Efficiencies
	7.10 Parameters Affecting Flight Performance
	7.11 Thrust Augmentation
	Worked out Examples
	Review Questions
	Exercise
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 8 Centrifugal Compressors
	8.1 Essential Parts of a Centrifugal Compressor
	8.2 Principle of Operation
	8.3 Ideal Energy Transfer
	8.4 Blade Shapes and Velocity Triangles
	8.5 Analysis of Flow through the Compressor
	8.6 Diffuser
	8.7 Volute Casing
	8.8 Performance Parameter
	8.9 Losses in Centrifugal Compressors
	8.10 Compressor Characteristics
	8.11 Surging and Choking
	Worked out Examples
	Review Questions
	Exercise
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 9 Axial Flow Compressors
	9.1 Historical Background
	9.2 Geometry and Working Principle
	9.3 Stage Velocity Triangles
	9.4 Work Done Factor
	9.5 Enthalpy–Entropy Diagram
	9.6 Compressor Stage Efficiency
	9.7 Performance Coefficients
	9.8 Degree of Reaction
	9.9 Flow through Blade Rows
	9.10 Flow Losses
	9.11 Stage Losses
	9.12 Pressure Rise Calculation in a Blade Ring
	9.13 Performance Characteristics
	9.14 Comparison of Axial and Centrifugal Compressors
	Worked out Examples
	Review Questions
	Exercise
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 10 Combustion Systems
	10.1 Combustion Theory Applied to Gas Turbine Combustor
	10.2 Factors Affecting Combustion Chamber Design
	10.3 Factors Affecting Combustion Chamber Performance
	10.4 Form of Combustion System
	10.5 Requirements of the Combustion Chamber
	10.6 The Process of Combustion in a Gas Turbine
	10.7 Combustion Chamber Geometry
	10.8 Mixing and Dilution
	10.9 Combustion Chamber Arrangements
	10.10Some Practical Problems
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 11 Impulse and Reaction Turbines
	11.1 A Single Impulse Stage
	11.2 A Single Reaction Stage
	11.3 Multistage Machines
	11.4 Velocity Triangles of a Single Stage Machine
	11.5 Expression for Work Output
	11.6 Blade loading and flow coefficients
	11.7 Blade and Stage Efficiencies
	11.8 Maximum Utilization Factor for a Single Impulse Stage
	11.9 Velocity-compounding of Multistage Impulse Turbine
	11.10Pressure Compounding of Multistage Impulse Turbine
	11.11The Reaction Turbine
	11.12Multistage Reaction Turbines
	11.13Blade-to-Gas Speed Ratio
	11.14Losses and Efficiencies
	11.15Performance Graphs
	Worked out Examples
	Review Questions
	Exercise
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 12 Transonic and Supersonic Compressors and Turbines
	12.1 The Supersonic Compressor
	12.2 Supersonic Axial Flow Compressors
	12.3 Supersonic Radial Compressors
	12.4 Supersonic Axial Flow Turbine Stages
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 13 Inlets and Nozzles
	13.1 Inlets
	13.2 Subsonic Inlets
	13.3 Diffuser
	13.4 Supersonic Inlets
	13.5 Exhaust Nozzles
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 14 Blades
	14.1 Blade Materials
	14.2 Manufacturing Techniques
	14.3 Blade Fixing
	14.4 Problems of High Temperature Operation
	14.5 Blade Cooling
	14.6 Liquid Cooling
	14.7 Air Cooling
	14.8 Practical Air Cooled Blades
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 15 Component Matching and Performance Evaluation
	15.1 Performance Characteristics
	15.2 Equilibrium Running Diagram
	15.3 To Find the Equilibrium Points
	15.4 Procedure to find Equilibrium Point
	15.5 Performance Evaluation of Single-spool Turbojet Engine
	15.6 Operating Line
	15.7 General Matching Procedure
	15.8 Transient Operation
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 16 Environmental Considerations and Applications
	16.1 Air Pollution
	16.2 Aircraft Emission Standards
	16.3 Stationary Engine Emission Standards
	16.4 NOx Formation
	16.5 NOx Reduction in Stationary Engines
	16.6 Noise
	16.7 Noise Standards
	16.8 Noise Reduction
	16.9 Assessment of the Gas Turbine
	16.10Typical Applications of Gas Turbines
	16.11The Small Gas Turbine Applications
	16.12Electric Power Generation Applications
	16.13Marine Application
	16.14Gas Pumping Applications
	16.15Locomotive Applications
	16.16Automotive Applications
	16.17Aircraft Applications
	16.18Process Applications
	16.19Additional Features of Gas Turbine Engines
	16.20Trends in the Future Development
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 17 Rocket Propulsion
	17.1 Classification of Rockets
	17.2 Principle of Rocket Propulsion
	17.3 Analysis of an Ideal Chemical Rocket
	17.4 Optimum Expansion Ratio for Rocket
	17.5 The Chemical Rocket
	17.6 Advantages of Liquid Propellant Rockets over Solid Propel-lant Rockets
	17.7 Free Radical Propulsion
	17.8 Nuclear Propulsion
	17.9 Electro Dynamic Propulsion
	17.10Photon Propulsion
	17.11Comparison of various types of rockets
	17.12Staging
	17.13Multistage Rocket
	17.14Comparison of Various Propulsion Systems
	17.15Propulsive Efficiency
	Review Questions
	Multiple Choice Questions
Appendix
Index