Gas Turbine Powerhouse: The Development of the Power Generation Gas Turbine at BBC - ABB - Alstom

Table of Contents\n1 Introduction\n2 Survey\n	2.1 Short Company History – Power Generation\n		2.1.1 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown Boveri & Cie., 1891–1988\n		2.1.2 ABB Asea Brown Boveri Power Generation Ltd., 1988–2000\n		2.1.3 ALSTOM Power Ltd., since 2000\n	2.2 Gas Turbine Types\n		2.2.1 Stationary Power Generation Gas Turbines\n		2.2.2 Gas/Steam Combined-Cycle Power Plants\n		2.2.3 Aero Propulsion Gas Turbines\n	2.3 Technical Basics\n		2.3.1 Gas Turbine Thermodynamics\n		2.3.2 Gas Turbine Component Performance\n		2.3.3 Gas/Steam Combined-Cycle Power Plant\n3 Gas Turbine Forerunners\n	3.1 Turbomachines and Turbochargers\n		3.1.1 Early Turbo- and Fluidmachines\n			3.1.1.1 Historic Compressors\n			3.1.1.2 Water Wheels\n			3.1.1.3 Steam Turbines\n			3.1.1.4 Turbocompressors\n		3.1.2 Turbocharger Development History\n	3.2 Early Attempts with the Gas Turbine Principle\n	3.3 The Holzwarth Gas Turbine\n4 The Path to the First Power Generation Gas Turbine, 1927–1945\n	4.1 Development Survey at BBC\n		4.1.1 Development Department and Business Environment\n		4.1.2 Prominent Engineers\n			4.1.2.1 Adolf Meyer (1880–1965)\n			4.1.2.2 Walter G. Noack (1881–1945)\n			4.1.2.3 Claude Seippel (1900–1986)\n			4.1.2.4 Hans Pfenninger (1903–1989)\n	4.2 GT Key Component: Axial Flow Compressor\n		4.2.1 Early Ideas and Trials\n		4.2.2 First Axial Compressor Development Tests after 1926\n		4.2.3 The Degree of Reaction and Other Fluid Mechanic Research\n		4.2.4 Successful Compressor Reference Projects Beginning 1932\n			4.2.4.1 The First Supersonic Wind Tunnel at ETH Zurich\n			4.2.4.2 The Guidonia Wind Tunnel\n			4.2.4.3 The AVA/LFM Wind Tunnel Projects\n			4.2.4.4 The Mach 4 Wind Tunnel at LRBA Vernon, France, 1947\n			4.2.4.5 The Hypersonic Wind Tunnel for Kochel/Tullahoma 1943–1960\n			4.2.4.6 The von Kármán Team at BBC Baden CH, June 1945\n		4.2.5 Outlook – Further Compressor Development\n	4.3 The Early BBC Gas Turbines\n		4.3.1 VELOX Boiler\n			4.3.1.1 Concept Settlement\n			4.3.1.2 Multi-Purpose Velox Deliveries to UK, 1940\n			4.3.1.3 Blast Furnace Gas Extension of the Velox Principle\n			4.3.1.4 Velox – the Final Stages\n		4.3.2 Houdry Refinery Process\n			4.3.2.1 BBC Equipment\n			4.3.2.2 Transforming Crude Oil into 100 Octane Petrol\n			4.3.2.3 Strategic Importance and Side Effects\n		4.3.3 The World’s First Utility Gas Turbine Set at Neuchâtel (1939)\n			4.3.3.1 A Consequential Engineering Harvest\n			4.3.3.2 Certified by Stodola and at the ‘Landi 39’\n			4.3.3.3 After 62 Years in Service – An ASME Technical Landmark\n		4.3.4 First BBC Power Generation Gas Turbines\n		4.3.5 BBC Locomotive Gas Turbines\n			4.3.5.1 Von Ohain’s ‘Tuttlingen Engine’\n			4.3.5.2 German Tank Gas Turbine Developments\n			4.3.5.3 Separate Gas Generators for Large Transport Aircraft\n5 Gas Turbine Technology Development 1945–1988\n	5.1 Development Survey at BBC\n		5.1.1 ‘Die Muehen der Ebene’\n		5.1.2 A Rare Top-Down View of the BBC Gas Turbine Business (1978)\n		5.1.3 Strategic Failures: The BST and Turbodyne Interlude\n		5.1.4 Business Facts\n		5.1.5 Early Plants and the Key Development Projects GT8/GT9/GT11/GT13\n			5.1.5.1 BBC Gas Turbine Development Roadmap 1945–1988\n			5.1.5.2 Beznau and Other Tailor-Made Gas Turbines\n			5.1.5.3 The Development of Ready-Made GT Families after 1970\n			5.1.5.4 GT Designs on the Brink – and Beyond\n		5.1.6 Prominent Engineers\n			5.1.6.1 Albert Eiermann (1924–2013)\n			5.1.6.2 Wilhelm Endres (1927–2007)\n			5.1.6.3 Franz Farkas (*1935)\n	5.2 Competitive Designs and Developments\n		5.2.1 Escher Wyss – The Closed Cycle AK Engine\n		5.2.2 Sulzer – Gas Turbine with Semi-Closed Process\n		5.2.3 Other Companies\n	5.3 GT Key Component: Combustor\n		5.3.1 Early Developments and Evolution of Combustor Arrangements\n		5.3.2 First Generation Lean Dry, Low NOx Technology\n		5.3.3 Multi-Injection Burner and GT8 Annular Combustor\n		5.3.4 Second Generation EV Premix Burner Technology\n		5.3.5 SEV Burner Development for GT24/GT26 Applications\n		5.3.6 Further Low Emission Combustion Development\n	5.4 BBC Gas Turbine Mechanical Design and Manufacturing\n		5.4.1 General Gas Turbine Design Principles\n		5.4.2 The Welded Rotor Design and Manufacturing\n		5.4.3 Gas Turbine Manufacturing Sites and Network\n	5.5 Gas Turbine Special Projects\n		5.5.1 Mobile and Packaged Energy Stations\n		5.5.2 Aero Jet Expander\n		5.5.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage\n		5.5.4 Low and Medium BTU Fuels (GT11N2-LBTU, GT13E2-MBTU)\n6 Combined Cycle Power Plants – GT Technology Breakthroughs since the 1990s\n	6.1 Gas Turbine Development Survey\n		6.1.1 The GT Technology and Business Environment in the 1990s\n		6.1.2 The ABB/Alstom Development Department\n		6.1.3 The Key Development Project GT24/GT26\n			6.1.3.1 Secret ‘Skunk Works’ 1991–1995\n			6.1.3.2 GT24/GT26 Design Stabilisation 1996–2002\n			6.1.3.3 GT24/GT26 Success Story since 2003\n		6.1.4 Prominent Engineers\n			6.1.4.1 Fredy Haeusermann (*1942)\n			6.1.4.2 Jakob J. Keller (1950–1999)\n			6.1.4.3 Hans Koch (*1929)\n	6.2 GT Key Component: Turbine\n		6.2.1 Aerodynamic Turbine Development Milestones\n		6.2.2 Turbine Cooling Technology\n			6.2.2.1 Out of Time: Turbine Water and Film Cooling 1925–1945\n			6.2.2.2 Heavy-Duty GT Turbine Cooling Development after 1965\n		6.2.3 High Temperature Materials and Coatings\n		6.2.4 Tests at the Gas Turbine Power Plant Birr\n	6.3 The Combined Cycle Power Plants\n		6.3.1 Historic Developments\n		6.3.2 The Bright Presence of Combined-Cycle Power Generation\n	6.4 Gas Turbine Outlook\n		6.4.1 Future Power Generation Market\n		6.4.2 Innovative Gas Turbine Technologies\n7 ‘Les Palmarès’\n	7.1 BBC–ABB–Alstom Historical Firsts in Gas Turbine Technology for Power Generation\n	7.2 BBC–ABB–Alstom GT Development Directors (Baden, CH)\n	7.3 The Members of the GT Development ‘Hall of Fame’\n8 Bibliography\n9 Index of Names\n10 Subject Index\n11 Nomenclature and Abbreviations\n12 The Author