Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: A Global History

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 12
INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS ART HISTORY?......Page 19
Art History In The 21st Century......Page 20
Different Ways Of Seeing......Page 30
Paleolithic Art......Page 33
Neolithic Art......Page 42
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Paleolithic Cave Painting......Page 38
ART AND SOCIETY: Art in the Old Stone Age......Page 39
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: The World’s Oldest Paintings?......Page 40
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 47
CHAPTER 2 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST......Page 49
Sumer......Page 50
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Mesopotamian Seals......Page 57
ART AND SOCIETY: Hammurabi’s Law Code......Page 61
Assyria......Page 63
Neo-Babylonia And Persia......Page 65
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Gods and Goddesses of Mesopotamia......Page 51
ART AND SOCIETY: Enheduanna, Priestess and Poet......Page 59
WRITTEN SOURCES: The Piety of Gudea......Page 60
WRITTEN SOURCES: Babylon, City of Wonders......Page 66
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 69
CHAPTER 3 EGYPT UNDER......Page 71
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Gods and Goddesses of Egypt......Page 72
The Old Kingdom......Page 77
The Middle Kingdom......Page 82
The New Kingdom......Page 85
First Millennium BCE......Page 95
ART AND SOCIETY: Mummification and Immortality......Page 75
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Building the Great Pyramids......Page 78
ART AND SOCIETY: Hatshepsut, the Woman Who Would Be King......Page 86
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 97
CHAPTER 4 THE PREHISTORIC AEGEAN......Page 99
Cycladic Art......Page 100
Minoan Art......Page 102
Mycenaean Art......Page 108
ART AND SOCIETY: Archaeology, Art History, and the Art Market......Page 101
ART AND SOCIETY: The Theran Eruption and the Chronology of Aegean Art......Page 105
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 115
CHAPTER 5 ANCIENT GREECE......Page 117
Geometric And Orientalizing Periods......Page 118
Archaic Period......Page 123
Early And High Classical Periods......Page 136
Late Classical Period......Page 155
Hellenistic Period......Page 163
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Gods and Goddesses of Mount Olympus......Page 119
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Greek Vase Painting......Page 122
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Greek Temple Plans......Page 127
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Doric and Ionic Orders......Page 128
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Herakles, Greatest of Greek Heroes......Page 138
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Hollow-Casting Life-Size Bronze Statues......Page 140
WRITTEN SOURCES: Polykleitos’s Prescription for the Perfect Statue......Page 142
ART AND SOCIETY: The Hegeso Stele......Page 152
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Corinthian Capital......Page 162
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 173
India And Pakistan......Page 175
Southeast Asia......Page 192
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Buddhism and Buddhist Iconography......Page 179
WRITTEN SOURCES: Ashoka’s Conversion to Buddhism......Page 180
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Stupa......Page 181
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: The Painted Caves of Ajanta......Page 185
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Hinduism and Hindu Iconography......Page 186
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Hindu Temples......Page 190
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 197
China......Page 199
Korea......Page 220
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Shang Bronze-Casting......Page 201
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Chinese Jade......Page 203
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Daoism and Confucianism......Page 204
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Silk and the Silk Road......Page 206
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Chinese Wooden Construction......Page 207
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Chinese Painting Materials and Formats......Page 208
ARTISTS ON ART: Xie He’s Six Canons......Page 209
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Chinese Earthenwares and Stonewares......Page 214
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY Chan Buddhism......Page 219
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 223
Japan Before Buddhism......Page 225
Buddhist Japan......Page 228
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Shinto......Page 229
ART AND SOCIETY: Heian Court Culture......Page 235
ART AND SOCIETY: Heian and Kamakura Artistic Workshops......Page 237
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 239
CHAPTER 9 THE ETRUSCANS......Page 241
Early Etruscan Art......Page 242
Later Etruscan Art......Page 249
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Etruscan Counterparts of Greco-Roman Gods and Heroes......Page 243
WRITTEN SOURCES: Etruscan Artists in Rome......Page 244
ART AND SOCIETY: The “Audacity” of Etruscan Women......Page 245
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 253
CHAPTER 10 THE ROMAN EMPIRE......Page 255
ART AND SOCIETY: An Outline of Roman History......Page 257
Pompeii And The Cities Of Vesuvius......Page 262
ART AND SOCIETY: Role Playing in Roman Portraiture......Page 272
High Empire......Page 281
Late Empire......Page 294
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Roman Concrete Construction......Page 259
ART AND SOCIETY: Art for Former Slaves......Page 261
WRITTEN SOURCES: An Eyewitness Account of the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius......Page 263
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Roman House......Page 265
WRITTEN SOURCES: The Golden House of Nero......Page 277
ART AND SOCIETY: Spectacles in the Colosseum......Page 278
WRITTEN SOURCES: Hadrian and Apollodorus of Damascus......Page 287
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Iaia of Cyzicus and the Art of Encaustic Painting......Page 293
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 305
Dura-Europos......Page 307
The Catacombs And Funerary Art......Page 309
Architecture And Mosaics......Page 313
Luxury Arts......Page 322
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Jewish Subjects in Christian Art......Page 311
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Life of Jesus in Art......Page 314
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Mosaics......Page 321
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Medieval Manuscript Illumination......Page 323
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Ivory Carving......Page 325
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 327
CHAPTER 12 BYZANTIUM......Page 329
Early Byzantine Art......Page 330
Middle Byzantine Art......Page 345
Late Byzantine Art......Page 353
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Pendentives and Squinches......Page 333
ART AND SOCIETY: Theodora, a Most Unusual Empress......Page 338
WRITTEN SOURCES: The Emperors of New Rome......Page 341
ART AND SOCIETY: Icons and Iconoclasm......Page 344
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 357
CHAPTER 13 THE ISLAMIC WORLD......Page 359
Early Islamic Art......Page 360
Later Islamic Art......Page 370
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Muhammad and Islam......Page 361
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Mosque......Page 363
ARTISTS ON ART: Sinan the Great and the Mosque of Selim II......Page 372
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Islamic Tilework......Page 375
ART AND SOCIETY: Christian Patronage of Islamic Art......Page 380
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 381
CHAPTER 14 NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS......Page 383
Mesoamerica......Page 384
Intermediate Area......Page 397
South America......Page 398
North America......Page 405
ART AND SOCIETY: The Mesoamerican Ball Game......Page 390
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Andean Weaving......Page 400
ART AND SOCIETY: Serpent Mound......Page 407
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 409
CHAPTER 15 AFRICA BEFORE 1800......Page 411
Prehistory And Early Cultures......Page 412
11th To 18th Centuries......Page 417
ART AND SOCIETY: Dating African Art and Identifying African Artists......Page 413
ART AND SOCIETY: Art and Leadership in Africa......Page 415
ART AND SOCIETY: Idealized Naturalism at Ile-Ife......Page 416
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 423
Art Of The Warrior Lords......Page 425
Christian Art: Scandinavia, British Isles, Spain......Page 428
Carolingian Art......Page 433
Ottonian Art......Page 440
ART AND SOCIETY: Medieval Books......Page 429
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Four Evangelists......Page 430
ART AND SOCIETY: Charlemagne’s Renovatio Imperii Romani......Page 434
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Medieval Monasteries and Benedictine Rule......Page 438
ART AND SOCIETY: Theophanu, a Byzantine Princess Ottonian Germany......Page 446
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 447
CHAPTER 17 ROMANESQUE EUROPE......Page 449
France And Northern Spain......Page 451
Holy Roman Empire......Page 463
Italy......Page 468
Normandy And England......Page 471
ART AND SOCIETY: Pilgrimages and the Cult of Relics......Page 450
WRITTEN SOURCES: Timber Roofs and Stone Vaults......Page 453
WRITTEN SOURCES: Bernard of Clairvaux on Cloister Sculpture......Page 456
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Romanesque Church Portall......Page 457
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Crusades......Page 460
ART AND SOCIETY: Romanesque Countesses, Queens, and Nuns......Page 466
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Embroidery and Tapestry......Page 474
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 477
CHAPTER 18 GOTHIC EUROPE......Page 479
French Gothic......Page 480
Gothic Outside Of France......Page 504
WRITTEN SOURCES: Abbot Suger and the Rebuilding of Saint-Denis......Page 481
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Gothic Rib Vault......Page 482
ART AND SOCIETY: Scholasticism and Gothic Art and Architecture......Page 484
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Gothic Cathedral......Page 487
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Stained-Glass Windows......Page 490
ART AND SOCIETY: Louis IX, the Saintly King......Page 500
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 513
The 13th Century......Page 515
The 14th Century......Page 520
ART AND SOCIETY: Italian Artists’ Names......Page 516
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Great Schism, Mendicant Orders, and Confraternities......Page 519
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Fresco Painting......Page 522
WRITTEN SOURCES: Artists’ Guilds, Commissions, and Contracts......Page 524
ART AND SOCIETY: Artistic Training in Renaissance Italy......Page 528
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 535
NOTES......Page 536
GLOSSARY......Page 537
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 549
CREDITS......Page 557
INDEX......Page 560