Future Energy: Challenge, Opportunity, and, Sustainability (Green Energy and Technology)

Conference Committees
Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Part I Grid-Connected Renewable Energy System and Renewable Energy Application
	1 A Design and Fabrication of an Automated Solar Energy Tracker Integrated Four-Sided Reflector-Based Box-Type Solar Cooker to Increase Efficiency by Absorbing Maximum Solar Energy
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Literature Review
		1.3 Design and Modeling
			1.3.1 Specified Dimension of the Box
			1.3.2 Specified Dimension of the Reflector
			1.3.3 Fabrication of the Solar Cooker
			1.3.4 Materials Used for Fabricating Four-Sided Box-Type Solar Cooker
		1.4 Implementation of the Prototype and Working Procedure
			1.4.1 Experimental Setup
			1.4.2 Working Procedure
		1.5 Results and Data Analysis
		1.6 Future Developments
		1.7 Advantages and Applications
		1.8 Conclusion
		References
	2 Design and Implementation of an Automated Hybrid Sustainable Energy Generation from Earth-Battery and Solar PV System
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Literature Review
		2.3 Methodology and Modeling
		2.4 Working Procedure
		2.5 Software-Based Simulated Implementation
		2.6 Hardware Implementation
		2.7 Experimental Results and Observation Data Analysis
		2.8 Visual Possible Applications
		2.9 Future Developments
		2.10 Conclusion
		References
	3 Upcycling Trash into Cash Through Repurposing the Bisasar Road Landfill Site into a Solar PV and Energy Storage Site in eThekwini Municipality
		3.1 Introduction
			3.1.1 General Overview
			3.1.2 Overview of the Landfill Site
		3.2 Literature Review
			3.2.1 Land Gradient
			3.2.2 Land Settlement
			3.2.3 Solar Irradiation
			3.2.4 Solar Installation Methods
			3.2.5 Integration to Other Generation Sources
			3.2.6 General Considerations
		3.3 Research Methodology and Scenario Setting
		3.4 Discussion and Summary of Results
		3.5 Conclusion
		References
	4 Economic Analysis Approach for Energy Supply System Considering Load Characteristics
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 The Energy Supply Systems
			4.2.1 Electricity-Based Energy Supply System
			4.2.2 Gas-Based Energy Supply System
			4.2.3 Electricity–gas Joint-Based Energy Supply System
		4.3 Economic Evaluation Strategy of Energy Supply System
			4.3.1 Initial Investment Cost
			4.3.2 Annual Exogenous Cost
			4.3.3 Salvage Cost
			4.3.4 Life Cycle Cost Model
		4.4 Case Study
			4.4.1 Basic Data
			4.4.2 Economic Evaluation Result
			4.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis
		4.5 Conclusions
		References
	5 Multi-objective Capacity Determination Method of Energy Storage for Smelting Enterprises Considering Wind/Photovoltaic Uncertainty and Clean, Low-Carbon, Economic Indicators
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Carbon Emission Model of Electrolytic Aluminum Enterprise
		5.3 Multi-objective Collaborative Optimization Model and Constraint Conditions
			5.3.1 The Objective Function
			5.3.2 Constraints
				Power Equality Constraint [5, 6]
		5.4 Model Solving Algorithm
			5.4.1 Energy Storage Configuration Optimization Model
			5.4.2 Energy Storage Operation Optimization
			5.4.3 Energy Storage Optimization Process
		5.5 Example Simulation and Result Analysis
			5.5.1 The Example System
			5.5.2 Energy Storage Optimization
		5.6 Conclusion
		References
	6 The Optimal Allocation Strategy of Pumped Storage for Boosting Wind/Solar Local Consumption
		6.1 Introduction
			6.1.1 A Subsection Sample
		6.2 Model for Power Output
			6.2.1 Model for Photovoltaic
			6.2.2 Model for Wind Turbine
			6.2.3 Model for Wind Turbine
		6.3 Model for Boosting Wind/Solar Local Consumption
			6.3.1 Deterministic Optimization
			6.3.2 Stochastic Optimization
			6.3.3 Robust Optimization
		6.4 Case Studies
			6.4.1 Deterministic Optimization
			6.4.2 Stochastic Optimization
			6.4.3 Robust Optimization
			6.4.4 Comparative Analysis
			6.4.5 Bundled Delivery Boosting of Wind/Solar
		6.5 Conclusion
		References
Part II Building Energy Efficiency, Energy Management and Thermal Comfort
	7 Timber Houses in the Mediterranean Area: A Challenge to Face
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Materials and Methods
			7.2.1 Building Energy Balance and Simple Economic Evaluation
			7.2.2 Thermophysical Qualities
		7.3 Case Study
			7.3.1 Brick House
			7.3.2 Timber House
		7.4 Results
			7.4.1 Energy Consumption and Comparison
			7.4.2 Economic Investigation
			7.4.3 Thermophysical Qualities
		7.5 Conclusions
		References
	8 Internet of Things-Based Smart Building for Energy Efficiency
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Related Work
		8.3 Architecture of IoT
		8.4 IoT in Smart Buildings
		8.5 Conclusion
		References
	9 Quantitative Simulation Analysis of the Function Intensity of Energy Consumption Indicators on an Office Building
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Establishment of Benchmark Model
			9.2.1 Selection of Energy Consumption Simulation Software
			9.2.2 Modeling
			9.2.3 Benchmark Model Parameter Settings
			9.2.4 Simulation Results of Benchmark Energy Consumption
		9.3 Indicators and Analysis Method
			9.3.1 Selection of Indicators
			9.3.2 Analysis Method
		9.4 Results and Discussion
			9.4.1 Building Envelope
			9.4.2 Air-Conditioning System
			9.4.3 Other Equipment
			9.4.4 Occupants\' Usage Pattern
			9.4.5 Summary
		9.5 Conclusion
		References
	10 Preliminary Multiple Linear Regression Model to Predict Hourly Electricity Consumption of School Buildings
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Method
			10.2.1 MLR
			10.2.2 Predictor Selection
			10.2.3 Model Selection
		10.3 Case Study: IUT de Nîmes School Buildings
		10.4 Model Development
			10.4.1 Preselection Variables
			10.4.2 Model Selection
		10.5 Results and Discussion
		10.6 Conclusion
		References
	11 Impact of Urban Morphology on Urban Heat Island Intensity in a Mediterranean City: Global Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Phases, Materials, and Methods
			11.2.1 Phases
			11.2.2 The Urban Weather Generator
			11.2.3 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis of the UHI Intensity
			11.2.4 Study Area
		11.3 Results and Discussion
			11.3.1 Uncertainty Analysis of Urban Microclimate
			11.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
		11.4 Conclusion
		References
Part III Power System and Electric Power Load Management
	12 Self-Adaptive Ageing Models for Optimal Management and Planning of Assets in Microgrids
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Methodology
			12.2.1 State of the Art
			12.2.2 Approach of the Methodology
		12.3 Results and Conclusions
			12.3.1 Results
			12.3.2 Conclusions and Future Work
		References
	13 Study on Fast Charging Using Phase Change Materials for Electric Vehicle Applications
		13.1 Introduction
			13.1.1 SELFIE
			13.1.2 Cell Type
		13.2 Modeling
			13.2.1 Numerical Model
			13.2.2 Experimental Setup
		13.3 Results
			13.3.1 Validation
			13.3.2 Fast Charging with Different PCM Melting Temperatures
			13.3.3 Different Charging Rates with PCM Cooling
			13.3.4 Fast Charging with Hybrid Cooling
		13.4 Conclusions and Future Work
		References
	14 Impact of Smart Hydronic System with Heat Pump on Electricity Load of a Typical Queensland Household
		14.1 Introduction
			14.1.1 Challenges of the Australian Electricity Grid
			14.1.2 Impact of Domestic Air Conditioning and Water Heating on the Grid
			14.1.3 Hydronic Systems with Heat Pumps in Grid Balancing
		14.2 Study
			14.2.1 Input Data
			14.2.2 TRNSYS Model
		14.3 Results and Discussion
		14.4 Conclusions
		References
	15 Comparison of Decomposition Techniques in Forecasting the Quarterly Numbers of Pole-Mounted Transformer Failures
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Decomposition Forecasting Models and Measures of Accuracy [16]
			15.2.1 Multiplicative Decomposition Model
			15.2.2 Additive Decomposition Model
			15.2.3 Error of the Forecasting Model
		15.3 Methodology of the Study
		15.4 Results and Discussion
			15.4.1 Multiplicative Decomposition
			15.4.2 Additive Decomposition
			15.4.3 Accuracies of the Derived Forecasting Models
		15.5 Conclusion
		References
Part IV Energy-Saving Technology and Thermal Management
	16 Research on Energy-Saving Optimization of Variable Flow Air Conditioning Chilled Water System
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Establishment and Analysis of Energy Consumption Model
			16.2.1 Energy Consumption Model of the Chiller
			16.2.2 Energy Consumption Model of Pump
		16.3 Construction of Experimental Platform
			16.3.1 Overview of the Experimental Platform
			16.3.2 Experimental Scheme
		16.4 Result and Discussion
			16.4.1 Comprehensive Energy Consumption Comparison of Terminal On-Off Control System
			16.4.2 Comprehensive Energy Consumption Comparison of Hybrid System
		16.5 Conclusion
		References
	17 Parametric Analysis and Comparative Study of the Transcritical CO2 Cycle and the Organic Rankine Cycle for Low-Temperature Geothermal Sources
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Method
			17.2.1 Cycle Description
			17.2.2 Energy Analysis
		17.3 Results
			17.3.1 Comparisons Based on the Net Power Output, Wnet
			17.3.2 Comparisons Based on the Heat Recovery Efficiency, H
		17.4 Conclusions
		References
	18 Structural Optimization of Liquid-Cooled Battery Modules with Different Flow Configurations
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Numerical Models and Experimental Studies
			18.2.1 New Battery Module Liquid-Cooled Shell Model
			18.2.2 Selection of the Optimal Flow Channel Combination
		18.3 Results and Discussion
			18.3.1 Effect of Different Charge/Discharge Multipliers
			18.3.2 Effect of Different Liquid Cooling Flow Rates
		18.4 Conclusion
		References
	19 A Study on Heat Generation of Lithium-Ion Battery Used in Electric Vehicles by Simulation and Experiment
		19.1 Introduction
		19.2 Methodology
			19.2.1 LIB Simulation
			19.2.2 Experimental Procedure for LIB Charging and Discharging
		19.3 Results and Discussion
			19.3.1 Effect of Charging Process on LIB Temperature
			19.3.2 Effect of Discharging Process on the LIB Temperature
		19.4 Conclusion
		References
Part V Fuel Consumption, Transportation Carbon Emissions and Climate Change Management
	20 Prediction of Fuel Consumption of Heavy Commercial Vehicles Based on Random Forest
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Data Source and Preprocessing
			20.2.1 Data Sources
			20.2.2 Data Preprocessing
		20.3 Analysis and Extraction of Basic Feature Parameters
			20.3.1 Feature Parameter Extraction
		20.4 Construction and Result Analysis of Fuel Consumption Prediction Model
			20.4.1 Construction of Random Forest Fuel Consumption Prediction Model
			20.4.2 Parameter Tuning
			20.4.3 Verification and Analysis of Fuel Consumption Prediction Model Results
		20.5 Conclusion
		References
	21 Highway Traffic Carbon Emission Estimation Based on Big Data of Electronic Toll Collection: A Case Study from Guangzhou, China
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Literature Review
		21.3 Data and Mathodology
		21.4 Case Study
		21.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
		References
	22 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) for India: Bottlenecks and Their Role in Adoption
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 India\'s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in Energy Perspective
		22.3 Objective of the Study
		22.4 Major Challenges of CCSU Adoption (Objective I)
			22.4.1 Findings
				Cost of CCS. Cost of CCS
				Geo-Storage Capacity
				Source-Sink Matching
				Supply Chain and Building Rate
				Policy, Regulations, and Market
				Public Acceptance
		22.5 Interrelationship among Identified Challenges of CCSU Adoption (Objective II)
			22.5.1 Findings
				Final Reachability Matrix
				Level Partitioning (LP)
				Relational Diagram (MIMAC Analysis)
		22.6 Discussion
		22.7 Research Limitations/Implications
		22.8 Originality/Value
		22.9 Conclusion
		References
	23 Quantitative Assessment of Low-Carbon Transition Pathways of Power Generation Company Considering CCS Technology
		23.1 Introduction
		23.2 Research Method and Parameter Settings
			23.2.1 Research Method
			23.2.2 Scenario and Parameter Settings
			23.2.3 CCS Transition Pathways
		23.3 Analysis of the Results
			23.3.1 Electricity Indicators
			23.3.2 Emission Indicators
			23.3.3 Economic Indicators
		23.4 Conclusions
		References
	24 Measuring the Financial Impact of Typhoon Due to ClimateChange
		24.1 Introduction
			24.1.1 Climate Change and Natural Disaster
		24.2 Research Framework
		24.3 Severity and Frequency of Typhoon by Decades
		24.4 Change in Damage Ratio by Decades
		24.5 Discussion
		24.6 Conclusions
		References
	25 The Literature Intellectual Structure of System Dynamics on Waste
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 Research Method
		25.3 Result and Discussion
			25.3.1 Organizations and Countries with the Highest Productivity in System Dynamics on Waste Research
			25.3.2 Annual Publications for the System Dynamics on Waste Sector
			25.3.3 Research Map by Theme
		25.4 Conclusion
		References
Index