Fungi: Biology and Applications, 2nd Edition

Fungi......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
List of Contributors......Page 11
1.1 Introduction......Page 13
1.2 Morphology of Yeasts and Fungi......Page 14
1.3 Ultrastructure and Function of Fungal Cells......Page 16
1.4 Fungal Nutrition and Cellular Biosyntheses......Page 23
1.5 Fungal Metabolism......Page 33
1.6 Fungal Growth and Reproduction......Page 38
Revision Questions......Page 45
Further Reading......Page 46
2.1 Introduction......Page 49
2.2 Fungal Life Cycles......Page 51
2.3 Sexual Analysis: Regulation of Mating......Page 58
2.4 Unique Characteristics of Filamentous Fungi that are Advantageous for Genetic Analysis......Page 63
2.5 Genetics as a Tool......Page 64
2.6 Conclusion......Page 74
Revision Questions......Page 75
Further Reading......Page 76
3.1 Introduction......Page 79
3.2 Genome Sequencing......Page 85
3.3 Bioinformatics Tools......Page 89
3.4 Comparative Genomics......Page 95
3.5 Genomics and the Fungal Tree of Life......Page 99
3.6 Online Fungal Genomic Resources......Page 101
Revision Questions......Page 104
Further Reading......Page 105
4.1 Introduction......Page 107
4.2 Genomics......Page 108
4.3 Transcriptomics and Proteomics......Page 118
4.4 Proteomics......Page 122
4.5 Systems Biology......Page 131
Revision Questions......Page 133
Further Reading......Page 134
5.1 Introduction......Page 137
5.2 Fungal Fermentation Systems......Page 138
5.3 Commercial Fungal Products......Page 144
Reference......Page 157
Further Reading......Page 158
6.1 Introduction to Pharmaceutical and Chemical Commodities......Page 159
6.2 Fungal Metabolism......Page 160
6.3 Antibiotic Production......Page 162
6.4 Pharmacologically Active Products......Page 168
6.5 Chemical Commodities......Page 174
6.6 Yeast Extracts......Page 184
6.7 Enriched Yeast......Page 186
Revision Questions......Page 189
References......Page 190
Further Reading......Page 215
7.1 Introduction to Enzymes......Page 191
7.3 Current Enzyme Applications......Page 192
7.5 Specific Enzymes......Page 198
7.6 Enzyme Production Strategies......Page 213
7.7 Conclusions......Page 214
8.1 Introduction......Page 217
8.2 Heterologous Protein Expression in Fungi......Page 218
8.3 Case Study: Hepatitis B Vaccine: A Billion Dollar Heterologous Protein from Yeast......Page 230
8.4 Further Biotechnological Applications of Expression Technology......Page 234
Revision Questions......Page 239
Further Reading......Page 240
9.1 Introduction......Page 243
9.2 Protein Isolation and Purification......Page 246
9.3 Electrophoretic Techniques......Page 249
9.4 Protein Mass Spectrometry......Page 252
9.5 Fungal Proteomics......Page 259
9.6 Specialized Proteomics Applications in Fungal Research......Page 264
9.7 Conclusion......Page 265
Further Reading......Page 266
10.1 Introduction......Page 269
10.2 Superficial Mycoses......Page 270
10.3 Opportunistic Mycoses......Page 271
10.4 Endemic Systemic Mycoses......Page 285
10.5 Mycotoxicoses......Page 287
10.6 Concluding Remarks......Page 288
Revision Questions......Page 289
Further Reading......Page 290
11.1 Introduction......Page 291
11.2 Drugs Targeting the Plasma Membrane......Page 293
11.3 Drugs Targeting the Cell Wall......Page 308
11.4 Drugs Targeting Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis......Page 312
11.5 Novel Therapies......Page 316
Revision Questions......Page 322
Further Reading......Page 323
12.1 Fungal Pathogens of Plants......Page 325
12.2 Disease Symptoms......Page 326
12.3 Factors Influencing Disease Development......Page 330
12.4 The Disease Cycle......Page 331
12.6 Mechanisms of Fungal Plant Parasitism......Page 332
12.7 Mechanisms of Host Defence......Page 336
12.8 Disease Control......Page 338
12.9 Disease Detection and Diagnosis......Page 341
12.10 Vascular Wilt Diseases......Page 343
12.11 Blights......Page 346
12.12 Rots and Damping-Off Diseases......Page 348
12.13 Leaf and Stem Spots, Anthracnose and Scabs......Page 350
12.14 Rusts, Smuts and Powdery Mildew Diseases......Page 351
12.15 Global Repercussions of Fungal Diseases of Plants......Page 352
Revision Questions......Page 354
Further Reading......Page 355
Answers to Revision Questions......Page 357
Index......Page 375
Color Plate......Page 379