Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics

Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics......Page 2
Preface to the Fourth Edition......Page 10
1.1 Introduction......Page 14
1.2 Joints and
faults......Page 15
1.3 Rock-forming
minerals......Page 17
1.4 The fabric of
rocks......Page 19
1.5 The
mechanical nature
of rock......Page 20
2.1 Introduction......Page 22
2.2 Definition of
traction and stress......Page 23
2.3 Analysis of
stress in two
dimensions......Page 30
2.4 Graphical
representations of
stress in two
dimensions......Page 36
2.5 Stresses in
three dimensions......Page 40
2.6 Stress
transformations in
three dimensions......Page 45
2.7 Mohr’s
representation of
stress in three
dimensions......Page 48
2.8 Stress
invariants and stress
deviation......Page 51
2.9 Displacement
and strain......Page 54
2.10 Infinitesimal
strain in two
dimensions......Page 56
2.11 Infinitesimal
strain in three
dimensions......Page 62
2.12 Determination
of principal
stresses or strains
from measurements......Page 68
2.13 Compatibility
equations......Page 69
2.14 Stress and
strain in polar and
cylindrical
coordinates......Page 70
2.15 Finite strain......Page 73
3.1 Introduction......Page 78
3.2 Amontons’ law......Page 79
3.3 Friction on rock
surfaces......Page 80
3.4 Stick–slip oscillations......Page 83
3.5 Sliding on a
plane of weakness......Page 86
3.6 Effects of time
and velocity......Page 89
4.2 The stress–strain curve......Page 93
4.3 Effects of
confining stress and
temperature......Page 98
4.4 Types of
fracture......Page 100
4.5 Coulomb
failure criterion......Page 103
4.6 Mohr’s
hypothesis......Page 107
4.7 Effects of pore
fluids......Page 110
4.8 Failure under
true-triaxial
conditions......Page 113
4.9 The effect of
anisotropy on
strength......Page 116
5.1 Introduction......Page 119
5.2 Stress–strain relations for an isotropic linear elastic solid......Page 120
5.3 Special cases......Page 124
5.4 Hooke’s law in
terms of deviatoric
stresses and strains......Page 128
5.5 Equations of
stress equilibrium......Page 129
5.6 Equations of
stress equilibrium in
cylindrical and
spherical
coordinates......Page 135
5.7 Airy stress
functions......Page 139
5.8 Elastic strain
energy and related
principles......Page 141
5.9 Uniqueness
theorem for
elasticity problems......Page 148
5.10 Stress–strain relations for anisotropic materials......Page 150
6.1 Introduction......Page 158
6.2 Hydrostatic
tests......Page 159
6.3 Uniaxial
compression......Page 161
6.4 Triaxial tests......Page 163
6.5 Stability and
stiff testing
machines......Page 165
6.6 True-triaxial
tests......Page 170
6.7 Diametral
compression of
cylinders......Page 171
6.8 Torsion of
circular cylinders......Page 174
6.9 Bending tests......Page 175
6.10 Hollow
cylinders......Page 178
7.1 Introduction......Page 181
7.2 Hydrostatic
poroelasticity......Page 182
7.3 Undrained
compression......Page 188
7.4 Constitutive
equations of
poroelasticity......Page 191
7.5 Equations of
stress equilibrium
and fluid flow......Page 196
7.6 Onedimensional
consolidation......Page 202
7.7 Applications of
poroelasticity......Page 208
7.8 Thermoelasticity......Page 210
8.1 Introduction......Page 218
8.2 Complex
variable method for
two-dimensional
elasticity problems......Page 219
8.3 Homogeneous
state of stress......Page 224
8.4 Pressurized
hollow cylinder......Page 227
8.5 Circular hole in
a rock mass with
given far-field
principal stresses......Page 229
8.6 Stresses
applied to a circular
hole in an infinite
rock mass......Page 234
8.7 Stresses
applied to the
surface of a solid
cylinder......Page 238
8.8 Inclusions in
an infinite region......Page 241
8.9 Elliptical hole
in an infinite rock
mass......Page 244
8.10 Stresses near
a crack tip......Page 250
8.11 Nearly
rectangular hole......Page 255
8.12 Spherical
cavities......Page 257
8.13 Penny-shaped
cracks......Page 260
8.14 Interactions
between nearby
cavities......Page 263
9.2 Plasticity and
yield......Page 265
9.3 Elastic – plastic hollow cylinder......Page 268
9.4 Circular hole in an elastic – brittle – plastic rock mass......Page 270
9.5 Perfectly
plastic behavior......Page 273
9.6 Flow between
flat surfaces......Page 276
9.7 Flow rules and
hardening......Page 279
9.8 Creep......Page 281
9.9 Simple
rheological models......Page 284
9.10 Theory of
viscoelasticity......Page 289
9.11 Some simple
viscoelastic
problems......Page 292
10.2 Effective
moduli of
heterogeneous rocks......Page 294
10.3 Effect of pores
on compressibility......Page 297
10.4 Crack closure
and elastic
nonlinearity......Page 305
10.5 Effective
medium theories......Page 308
10.6 Sliding crack
friction and
hysteresis......Page 314
10.7 Griffith cracks
and the Griffith locus......Page 320
10.8 Linear elastic
fracture mechanics......Page 324
10.9 Griffith theory
of failure......Page 327
11.1 Introduction......Page 334
11.2 One-dimensional elastic wave propagation......Page 335
11.3 Harmonic
waves and group
velocity......Page 340
11.4 Elastic waves
in unbounded media......Page 345
11.5 Reflection
and refraction of
waves at an
interface......Page 350
11.6 Surface and
interface waves......Page 356
11.7 Transient
waves......Page 360
11.8 Effects of fluid
saturation......Page 366
11.9 Attenuation......Page 368
11.10 Inelastic
waves......Page 373
12.2 Geometry of
rock fractures......Page 378
12.3 Normal
stiffness of rock
fractures......Page 382
12.4 Behavior of
rock fractures under
shear......Page 388
12.5 Hydraulic
transmissivity of
rock fractures......Page 390
12.6 Coupled
hydromechanical
behavior......Page 399
12.7 Seismic
response of rock
fractures......Page 401
12.8 Fractured
rock masses......Page 407
13.1 Introduction......Page 412
13.2 Simple
models for the state
of stress in the
subsurface......Page 413
13.3 Measured
values of subsurface
stresses......Page 416
13.4 Surface loads
on a half-space:
two-dimensional
theory......Page 417
13.5 Surface loads
on a half-space:
three-dimensional
theory......Page 421
13.6 Hydraulic
fracturing......Page 424
13.7 Other
stress-measurement
methods......Page 428
14.2 Stresses and
faulting......Page 432
14.3 Overthrust
faulting and sliding
under gravity......Page 436
14.4 Stresses
around faults......Page 438
14.5 Mechanics of
intrusion......Page 441
14.6 Beam models
for crustal folding......Page 444
14.7 Earthquake
mechanics......Page 447
References......Page 452
Index......Page 482